1、内 容 索 引走近新课 一起感知语法探究 一起思考随堂练习走近新课 一起感知语法感知写出下列句子中被动语态的种类1.Next,the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.2.It is believed that when Fu is put upside down,happiness arrives.3.The last time I went back to my hometown,a big power station was being built there.一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时的被
2、动语态过去进行时的被动语态4.Eight novels have been written by this young girl up to now.5.More work should be done to protect the environment.现在完成时的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态语法探究 一起思考词汇讲解1.Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent untilproven otherwise.(Page 4)任何被指控犯罪的人应该在被证明有罪前假定为无罪。presume vt.&vi.假设;假定I
3、presumed that he understood the rules.我想他明白这些规则。【合作探究】读一读细观察阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的句型、结构、词性和含义Little is known of the youngest son;it is presumed that he died young.句型 It is presumed that.含义 据推测 We must presume them to be innocent until we have proof of guilt.结构 presume.to be.含义 假定是 There is a general presu
4、mption that the doctor knows best.词性 名词含义 可能的事;假定说一说勤归纳presume vt.&vi.假设;假定It is presumed that.据推测presume.to be.假定是presumption n.可能的事;假定【即学即用】单句语法填空It is(presume)that walking does good to our health.I had to make a(presume)since I knew nothing about the case.Lets presume him(be)honest before having
5、a discussion.presumedpresumptionto be完成句子据推测,大声读英语有利于提高我们的口语水平。reading English aloud will be helpful to improve our oral English.我们可以先假定他的理论是正确的。We can.It is presumed thatpresume his theory to be right2.They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving forus,we will have more time for
6、 creating,thinking,and“being human”.(Page4)他们认为,如果人工智能能够处理像是计算和为我们开车这些任务,我们将会有更多的时间来创作、思考和“做人”。calculate vt.计算;核算;预测Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.补助金按平均周收入计算。【高考典句】(2019天津高考)She calculated that going to a strangers house was a risky move,but she decided to take the ch
7、ance.她预料去一个陌生人的家是一个有风险的行为,但是她决定去冒险。【合作探究】读一读细观察阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体部分的句型、词性和含义It is calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.句型 It is calculated that.含义 据估算 It turned out that the person was a cold and calculating killer.词性 形容词含义 精于计算的Our guess was confirmed by calculation.词性 名词含义 计算说一说勤归纳c
8、alculate vt.计算;核算;预测It is calculated that.据估算calculating adj.精于计算的calculation n.计算【即学即用】单句语法填空It is calculated in 1997 alone,about 2.3 million people died of that disease.完成句子老师计算了全班的平均分。The teacher.thatcalculated the average mark of the whole class这幅画很珍贵,很难估计它的价格。The painting is so valuable that it
9、 is difficult.从他的话语中,我们可以确定他母亲是个精于计算的人。From his words we could tell that his mother was.to calculate its pricea calculating woman语法讲解知识脉络语法精讲被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有及物动词才有被动语态。二、各种时态的被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+动词过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的
10、变化体现的。几种常用时态的被动语态构成如下:一般现在时:am/is/are+动词过去分词一般过去时:was/were+动词过去分词一般将来时:will/shall be+动词过去分词或am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are being+动词过去分词过去进行时:was/were being+动词过去分词现在完成时:have/has been+动词过去分词过去完成时:had been+动词过去分词English is taught in most schools.大多数学校都开设英语课。Their wedding was held in their
11、hometown.他们的婚礼是在他们家乡举行的。Do you think the book will be reprinted?你觉得这本书会重印吗?He knew he would be punished for it.他知道自己会为此受到惩罚。注意 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。Such work can be done in an hour or so.这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构,时态不变。3.有时把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语,原做主语的人称代词要用宾格
12、。All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at(by all the people).They were building the new bridge.The new bridge was being built(by them).We havent told her about it yet.She hasnt been told about it yet(by us).四、使用被动语态的场合1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。2.当更加强调动作的承受
13、者时,动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房间还没有被打扫。3.当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。五、主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见情况1.某些连系动词,如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove要用主动形式表示被动意义。The garden looks very beautiful.这个花园看上去很美。2.某些与cant,wont等连用的不及物动词,如
14、move,lock,shut,open等。The door wont shut.这门关不上。3.某些可和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如read,wash,clean,cook。The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。【即学即用】把下列句子变成被动语态The citizens in this city use a great deal of water every day.A great deal of water every day by the citizens in this city.You should pay more attention to y
15、our table manners.Your table manners.is usedshould be paid more attention toHe gave her some money when he knew that she was in trouble.She when he knew that she was in trouble.The boy was making a kite when I saw him yesterday.A kite when I saw him yesterday.The young man has translated three novel
16、s up to now.Three novels up to now.was given some money by himwas being made by the boyhave been translated by the young man随堂练习一、单句语法填空1.As we all know,Chinese(speak)by many people outside China.答案:is spoken2.He told me that the matter(look)into by the police then.答案:was being looked3.Just a little
17、 patience!The program(broadcast)next Sunday.答案:will be broadcast4.Your homework should(finish)as soon as possible.答案:be finished5.When I got there,all the windows(clean)already.答案:had been cleaned6.The young trees(water)by the old man twice a week.答案:are watered7.The girl complained that the new tex
18、t was hard(understand).答案:to understand二、翻译句子1.It is reported that more than 20 people have been saved so far.答案:据报道,到目前为止20多人获救了。2.When I arrived,the pictures were being drawn by the girls.答案:我到达时,女孩们正在画那些画。3.He said that all the apples had been bought by an old man.答案:他说所有的苹果都被一位老人买走了。4.When he set about answering the email,he found it was not easy to answer.答案:当他开始回复那封邮件时,他发现很难回复。5.A practical plan must be come up with by the team by tomorrow.答案:明天之前这个小组必须想出一个实用的计划。
