1、Section Grammar时间状语从句与过去完成时语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句He learned to play the harpsichord when he was four, he started composing music when he was five, and when he was six, he played the harpsichord in a concert for the Empress of Austria.By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsicho
2、rd, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras.While he was still a teenager, Mozart was already a big star and toured Europe giving concerts.He showed musical talent when he was very young，and learned to play the violin and piano from his father, who was a singer.After they had known each other fo
3、r many years, Beethoven said, “He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing.”As he grew older, he began to go deaf.后自主感悟1.以上例句中都包含一个时间状语从句。2.以上例句中都包含了一般过去时或过去完成时。3.例中，when和while都表示“当时候”，例中，as表示“随着”。4.例中，by the time和after引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来说明主句谓语动词发生的时间，由连词引导，在这里主要学习w
4、hen, while, as引导的时间状语从句。1when引导的时间状语从句when引导时间状语从句时可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。When they heard the bad news, they were very surprised.当他们听到那个坏消息时，他们非常惊讶。When I was walking down the street, I saw some old friends.当我沿着那条街走时，我看到了一些老朋友。名师点津when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that
5、time。常用于：(1)was/were doing sth. when.正在做这时(2)be about to do sth./on the point of doing sth. when.正要做这时(3)had(not) just done sth. when.刚做完这时I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.我正在看电视，这时突然有人敲门。I was about to go to bed when he called me up.我正要上床睡觉的时候，他打电话来了。2while引导的时间状语从句while引导时间状语从句时，
6、意为“当的时候”，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或相互对应。While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were watching TV.当那个孩子玩玩具时，他父母在看电视。名师点津(1)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，通常放在句首。While he is young, he has been to many countries.虽然他很年轻，但是他去过很多国家。(2)while引导并列句，意为“而，然而”，通常位于句中。I like playing football while m
7、y brother likes listening to music.我喜欢踢足球而我哥哥喜欢听音乐。3as引导的时间状语从句as引导时间状语从句时，常表示两个动作同时发生，常译作“一边一边；随着”。As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增加，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。即时演练1用适当的连词填空Its good
8、 to know that the dogs will be well cared for when/while were away.It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.As you grow older, youll know better and better about yourself.二、过去完成时1过去完成时的用法(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by, by the end
9、of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until等引导的状语从句。Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?你们找到安的家有困难吗？Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的具体的位置，我们能够容易地找到它。By the end of 2017, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.到2017年底，
10、他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。(2)过去完成时表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for, since等词连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。2过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用(1)在no sooner.than, hardly.when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意为“一就；刚就”。I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.我
11、一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。(2)在“It was the first/second/.time that.”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。(3)It was一段时间since 从句(从句用过去完成时)It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开
12、北京至少有3个月了。(4)主句(过去完成时) by the time 表示过去的从句By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.我到车站时，火车已经开走了。(5)表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本(但事实上并没有)”之意。I had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。3过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
13、(1)一般过去时表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时态。They had arrived at the railway station by ten oclock yesterday.昨天10点之前，他们已经到了火车站。They arrived at the railway station at ten oclock yesterday.他们昨天10点到了火车站。(2)一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。We had
14、 learned two English songs by the end of last week.到上个星期为止，我们已经学了两首英文歌曲。We learned two English songs last week.上个星期我们学了两首英文歌曲。即时演练2单句语法填空She asked me whether I had returned(return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.He is a professor of Shandong University.He stayed(stay)in Americ
15、a for 4 years.Did you have to do much for the dinner party?Helen had finished(finish)everything by the time I got home.单句语法填空1It was the second time that he had rushed (rush) out of the classroom without permission.2I was very happy to see Jane again yesterday. We hadnt seen (not see) each other for
16、 six years.3Well go to the country at the beginning of June when the summer harvest starts.4Hurry up! Your classmates are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh! I thought they had gone(go) without me.5As she grew older she gained in confidence.6By the end of last term, more than 3，000 English words
17、had been learnt (learn) by us.7It was really annoying; I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended (recommend)8He is doing some washing while I am doing my homework.9We had hoped (hope) that you would come, but you didnt.10Susan came to the party yesterday, but it was already half past
18、 eight when she turned up.单句改错1When I had lived in the countryside, I used to play in the woods.去掉had2Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday?He has gone to Beijing.hashad3I dont want to go to the cinema, for I had seen that film already.hadhave4It was the worst hotel that I have ever stayed in.
19、havehad5. I planned to give you back your dictionary, but I was too busy then.planned前加had6While time goes by, we will be older and older.WhileAs7He was doing his homework while his friend came in.whilewhen8Every time when he arrived home at the end of the day, wed greet him at the door.去掉when9While I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave for my hometown in the evening.去掉but10In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.duringwhen
