1、Period 3Learning About Language语法精析课语法精讲透析名词性从句:主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,体会句中名词性从句的用法。1.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!2.Xie Lei was
2、 confused because she thought she knew less than other people.3.Xie Lei also found many courses included students participation in class as part of the final result.4.At first,Xie Lei had no idea what she should say,but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a
3、few weeks.5.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.【生成得】名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词,可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为_、_、_和_。主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句【研学析】.引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语或定语等。2.连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中作状语。3.连接词:that,whether,if,as if。that 无词义,在从句中
4、不作成分,有时可省略;if(whether),as if虽有词义,但在从句中也不作成分,但不可省略。.主语从句1.在复合句中作主语。_ we need is more time and money.我们所需的是更多的时间和金钱。_ hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。_ this happened is not clear to anyone.这是怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。_ comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。WhatWhetherHowWhoever2.为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,代替主语从句放在句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
5、常用句型有:(1)It+be+形容词+that 从句;(2)It+be+名词+that 从句;(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that 从句等;(4)在表达惊异、惋惜、建议、要求等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形,主句中的谓语动词形式不限。It is said _(格林先生已经到北京了).It is a pity that _(我们昨天晚上没有见过面).It is important that _(我们先把功课学好).Its suggested that _(我们要保护这条河流不被污染).that Mr Green has arrived in Beijingwe
6、 should not meet last nightwe should do well in our lessons firstwe should protect the river from being polluted.宾语从句1.宾语从句在复合句中通常作动词或介词的宾语。I wonder _ hes writing to me about.Your success will largely depend upon _ you do and _ you do it.Im interested in _ youve finished the work.I know _he is from
7、the south.whatwhathowwhether(that)2.掌握宾语从句应该注意的几个问题:(1)that不能省略的情况:and或 but连接两个或多个宾语从句时,可以省略第一个连词that,and或者but的后面的that不能省略;作介词宾语时,不能省略;主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时不可省略。(2)宾语从句的时态变化规律:主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态;主句是一般过去时态时,从句使用过去的任何时态。但客观真理除外。(3)whether与if引导宾语从句时,下面情况不能互换:宾语从句是否定句时只用if,不用whether;与or not 连用时只用whe
8、ther;介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。同时whether 可与不定式连用,可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,if则不能。(4)advise,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,suggest表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。They dont know _ to go there.I dont know _ you can help me.The teacher said the earth _(go)round the sun.She told us that s
9、he _(help)a lot of people.The teacher advised that we _(make)good use of every minute here.whetherifgoeshad helpedshould make.同位语从句1.同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。先行词通常为fact,belief,news,idea,information,doubt,question,report,decision等。如果先行词是表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词,如:advice,desire,proposal,re
10、commendation,request,requirement,suggestion,同位语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。The news _(他健康状况不佳)made us sad.The question _(谁该干这项工作)requires consideration.There is no doubt _(他会再来这里).I have no idea _(他们在哪里度假).that his health is failingwho should do the workthat he will come here againwhere they are spe
11、nding their holidays2.掌握同位语从句的用法应注意以下两个问题:(1)为了保持整个句子的结构平衡,同位语从句与它所说明的名词隔开;(2)同位语从句和定语从句结构相似。但是,同位语从句相当于名词的作用,而定语从句相当于形容词的作用。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰。that引导同位语从句时不作句子成分且不可省略;引导限制性定语从句时作主语、宾语或者表语,作宾语时经常省略。Were interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.()The news that he
12、 told us surprised us.()I wont believe the fact that he told me.()I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.()I have no idea where he has gone.()Go and get your coat.Its in the place where you left it.()同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句【内化用】用适当的连接词填空。_ he finished writing the composition in such
13、a short time surprised us all.His father is worried about _ he will lose his work.He told me _ he would go to Shanghai the next day.I have no idea _ he will come back home.Thatwhetherthatwhen常温故勤总结名词从句有四种,主宾表同在其中;主从连接很重要,先定主“谓”是首要;主宾表全选副词,主宾表缺选代词;that从句表事实,连接从句无意义;which范围有限定,what范围常不定;whether“是否”在其中
14、,主宾表同都可用;if主宾限定有,表同从句不可有;because从句表原因,why从句表结果;从句用法记心中,填空造句很轻松。课时素养达标.选用适当的连接词填空where,what,when,how,why1._ Li Bai was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.2.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.3.I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after a
15、ll these years.By working out every day.Wherewhathow4.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.5.We must find out _ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.6.We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.whatwhenwhy.完成句子1._(英语晚会将在哪里举行)h
16、as not yet been announced.2.She always thinks of _(她怎样能把工作做好).3.He put forward the suggestion that _(我们的工作要更细心些).4.I want to know _(他告诉了你什么).5.It is known to us _(他是如何成为一名作家的).Where the English party will be heldhow she can do the work wellwe should do our work more carefullywhat he has told youhow
17、he became a writer语法填空I like reading very much.My classmates question is 1._ I began to love reading.Actually,I love reading as a child.I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university.What I meant was 2._ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to re
18、ad.3._ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.My love of reading was credited with the fact 4._ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day.I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination.Its not really surprising 5._ literature became my vocation.R
19、ecently I have been reading a lot of multicultural womens legends.Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university.6._ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot.Thanks to Jane Goodall,her research showed me the answer.She argued 7._ wild
20、 animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment.After finishing her story,I still have some doubts 8._ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest.Lin Qiaozhi,a doctor,became a specialist in womens illnesses.She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.9._ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.10._she didnt choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.答案:1.when2.that3.That4.that5.that6.Whether7.that 8.how9.What10.Why
