1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars话题：职业选择【场景背诵】体会黑体表达并背诵全文When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into “real” majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a goo
2、d career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK to
3、be different from others and to study things like classics, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities (人文学科)! (2019高考天津3月卷 D)【话题运用】根据提示进行写作1拥有更广阔的视角，我们将会更加自由，更加思想开明，并且有更少的桎梏限制我们的发展。With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more openminded, and less limited in what we
4、can become!2全身心地追逐你梦想的专业，无论别人怎么想。Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think.在认识的单词前打“”astronomy nfundamental adj.solar adj. atom n.carbon n. dioxide n.vapour n. presence n.dissolve vt.& vi. acid n.chain n. multiply vi.& vt.oxygen n. mammal n.geologist n. ext
5、inct adj.lessen vi.& vt. spaceship n.weightlessly adv. satellite n.shellfish n.1atmosphere n大气层；气氛2gravity n万有引力；重力3thus adv.因此；于是4gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5climate n气候6crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物9system n系统；体系；制度10theory n学说；理论1puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题p
6、uzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的2violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep.与不同；不像like vt.喜欢prep.像；如同likely adj.可能的4harmful adj.有害的harm n& vt.伤害harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的8biology
7、n生物学biologist n生物学家9reaction n反应；回应react vi.反应10physicist n物理学家physics n物理强化训练一、根据所给提示，用适当形式填空1Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench，hands trembling as he gently (温柔地) placed his fingers on the keys. (2019高考江苏卷)2Accustomed to the climate (气候) in the countryside，the old couple prefer not to m
8、ove to the city.3The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere (气氛) where everybody felt free to share his ideas.4We failed to find enough evidence; thus (因此) we concluded that he was innocent.5The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (theory) must be based on facts.6My uncles car
9、caught fire by the road.Fortunately，he was pulled (pull) out of the car by a passerby.7He found something floating (float) on the lake，which frightened him.8A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.9The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally (global). (2020
10、高考全国卷)10In face of violence，people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violent)11Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health，but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)12As is known to us，everyone has his likes
11、 and dislikesMy little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)13Since my younger brother is fond of biology，he is determined to become a biologist when he grows up.(biology)14He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he re
12、spects others religious freedom.(religion)15There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)二、熟词生义(写出加黑词的词性及词义)1(2019高考北京卷) Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. vt.吸收 2Th
13、e lady hadnt chained her dog up，thus getting it killed on the main road.vt.用链条拴住 3We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter，which worried us a lot.vt.用尽，用完 【联想记忆】“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达prevent sb. from doing sth.prohibit sb. from doing sth.stop sb. from doing sth.ban sb. from doing sth.keep sb.
14、 from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.discourage sb. out of doing sth.stand in ones way of doing sth.1in time 及时；终于2prevent.from 阻止；制止3now that 既然4cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋5lay eggs 下蛋6give birth to 产生；分娩7in ones turn 轮到某人；接着8watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防9depend on 依靠；取决于10break out 突发；爆发11block out 挡住(光线)1
15、2get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解活用一：Now that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it from getting bad to worse. No matter what happens，we must cheer up and try to reduce the pollution. If we keep on，well succeed in time活用二：A fire broke out in
16、 the building last night. Luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire. We were warned to watch out for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. Thanks to the firefighters help，we were not injured. They are the men that we can depend on when we are in trouble.原句展示仿写运用1.This produ
17、ced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.解读动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do。2But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.解读倍数表达法：倍数as.as.。3“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”解读now tha
18、t引导原因状语从句。4We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.解读形容词作伴随状语。1.我详细地解释这个过程的每一步，这让他们得以理解如何泡茶。(2018高考北京卷)I explained every step of the process in detail，which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea.2我的农场已扩大成了一个大农场，是以前的三倍大。My
19、farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times as large as the previous one.3既然你喜欢乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。Now that you are fond of table tennis，Id like to invite you to join the school team.4兴奋并快乐着，我们早上9点钟在校门口开始了比赛。(2020新高考全国卷)Cheerful and delighted, we started the race from the gate of our school at 9
20、：00 am.词汇精研1.exist vi.存在；生存(survive)(1)exist on 靠为生There exists. 某地有；存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj.(仅用于名词前)目前的；现存的经典例句There used to exist a church at the foot of the hill.山脚下曾经有一座教堂。【基础检测】单句语法填空No one knows how this world came into existence (exist)A lot of busine
21、ss is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships. (2019高考北京卷) 【能力提升】单句写作众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。As is known to all, there exists a generation gap between the young and the old.2.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想
22、；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解经典例句What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。Scientists are puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore.科学家们感到不解：为什么这头鲸游到海岸上来。【基础检测】单句语法填空People hav
23、e long puzzled over/about how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)Besides, the most puzzling (puzzle) thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the characters inner heart fully.
24、(2020高考全国卷)【能力提升】单句写作虽然许多人对于网络投票的负面影响感到困惑，但是现在网络投票仍然受欢迎。While many people are puzzled about the negative side of Internet voting, it is quite popular nowadays.3.harmful adj.有害的(反：harmless)(1)be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有害(2)harm n&vt.伤害；损害对某人有害经典例句Smartphones not only take up our valuable time，but
25、also are harmful to our health.智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康有害。Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。【基础检测】单句语法填空The local government closed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment.【能力提升】一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much
26、junk food is harmful to our health(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to our health. (harm n)4.in time 及时；终于；迟早in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔经典例句We reached the top of Mount Tai, ju
27、st in time to enjoy the sunrise.我们到达了泰山山顶，正好赶上欣赏日出。【基础检测】用time的相关短语填空As the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in timeAt the same time，I have a good command of several languages including English.(2019高考全国卷)【能力提升】句式升级In my view，you should at no time lose
28、 heart whenever you are in trouble.In my view，at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒装)5.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋(1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼(2)cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的经典例句I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bra
29、vely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！【基础检测】单句语法填空Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.【能力提升】词汇升级When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.When Im feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up6
30、.in ones turn 轮到某人；接着(1)in turn 依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(2)take turns to do/doing sth. 轮流做某事(3)on the turn 即将变化at every turn 处处；事事经典例句Now that we have finished designing，the company，in its turn，should do the constructing work.既然我们已经完成了设计工作，就该由公司进行建设工作了。【基础检测】单句语法填
31、空The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.At the meeting they took turns to put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.【能力提升】单句写作人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这造成更多的问题。People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,
32、which in turn creates more problems.句式剖析1.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。教材原句(1)make itadj./n.(for sb./sth.) to domakeitadj./n.that从句makeitno good/no use.doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有think，consider，find，feel等。 “make itadj./n.(for.) to do st
33、h.”句型中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。【基础检测】单句语法填空I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.The invention of television has made it possible that movies can be watched at home.【能力提升】单句写作新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。(2018高考全国卷)The newlybuilt stadium is large enough, which makes it possible f
34、or us to take part in various activities.2.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。教材原句 倍数表达法(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as B(2)Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级than B(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight.)of B(4)A倍数what 从句(1)表示“两倍
35、”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”表达。(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。,【基础检测】单句语法填空When you study the local map, youll find this town is four times as big as that one.The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago.【能力提升】句型转换 The short film tells about the develop
36、ment of our school. Now our school is three times as big as that ten years ago.The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three times bigger than that ten years ago.The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is three times the size of th
37、at ten years ago.单句语法填空1Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)2What puzzles you is actually a puzzle to many parents in China.3As far as Im concerned，there is no harm in making an apology to him first.4Luckily，I quickly adapted to the new surroundings
38、and everything returned to normal in no time.5Cheer Mary up，and things will work out for the best.6Its time to clean the dirty lights in our classroom in your turn, so youd better come earlier.7But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus (focus) on things in l
39、ife.8The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.9Watch out for the man in rags，for he is not a beggar but a thief indeed.10I devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before. .单句改错1She has got into the bad habit of reading in th
40、e bed, which is harmful forto her eyes.2Wandering in the countryside，I could feel the wind gentlegently blowing through my hair.3Now that you have got a permit, soyou can go ahead with your project.4As far as I know, he used to earn his living by just sellselling books as well as some toys.5I was pr
41、evented fromvisiting my friend on such a rainy day.6Little Tom and the sailors spent two months on aboard.7The house issurrounded by high walls.8The prime minister would like to go there by train otherrather than by air.思维训练Step 1：先盲填(不看参考词汇只根据语篇逻辑)My friend Li Yanping was really very interested in
42、astronomy. He liked to watch changes in the 1.moon, the only natural satellite of the earth through his telescope. One evening he thought he saw a huge comet explode as it hit the moon 2.violently. The surface of the moon produced a lot of dust that became solid like a large ball. 3.It seemed as if
43、it would multiply and become a new planet. Li Yanping thought he was seeing the development of the universe until he 4.noticed some dirt on his telescope! He was very 5.disappointed.Step 2：再参考提供词汇(注意词形变化，有两个多余词汇)violent; there; disappoint; moon; it; notice; spaceStep 3：核对答案并背诵短文.话题书面表达假如你是李华，你爱好太空探险
44、但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：你的观点(至少写2点)；父母的意见。(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：thus，however)Dear Stephen，There exists a problem (有一个问题) between my parents and me，and that has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study (使我不可能专心学习)I have no idea how to deal with it so I
45、 have to seek your help.I am so crazy about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.However，this makes my parents very angry because they think my hobby is harmful to my study (我的爱好对我的学习有害) sooner or later. Thus, they do what they c
46、an to prevent me from going to the library (阻止我去图书馆)To them，high marks are everything and I should spend twice more time on my lessons (花两倍多的时间学习)I think healthy hobbies are beneficial to our overall development. But I dont think my parents understand me，which upsets me. What shall I do？Can you offe
47、r me some suggestions？I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua(二)按要求升级词汇和句式1用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇sooner or laterin time 2按要求升级句式(1)按要求升级句There exists a problem between my parents and me，making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study(分词短语作状语)There exists a problem between my parents a
48、nd me，which has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study(非限制性定语从句)(2)利用倒装句升级句So crazy about space exploration am I that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration.地球与宇宙space flight 太空飞行orbit the earth 绕地球飞行in the universe 在宇宙outer/deeper space 外太
49、空solar system 太阳系space exploration 太空探索manned/unmanned spacecraft 载人/无人飞船send a spacecraft to the moon 向月球发射飞船have access to space travel 能到太空旅行explore the mysteries of the universe 探索宇宙的奥秘space travel 太空旅行weather satellite 气象卫星space suits 太空服soar into the sky 冲向天空feel the gravity 感受到重力specialize in astronomy 专攻天文学communication satellite 通信卫星time capsule 时空舱escape the pull of the earths gravity 逃离地球的引力
