1、【科普知识型-阅读理解】Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Longlasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.The
2、new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing th
3、e biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light
4、throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says.In a second test, mice were clocked on how long the
5、y actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice
6、 returning to a normal lightdark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night
7、 may cause something related to depression.Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but cant easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子结构)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the bio
8、logical clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _Achanged their preferencesBescaped from the water more eagerlyCremained active as beforeDshowed less interest in their favourites2What
9、does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?AStudy.BPredict.CEase.DCause.3We can learn from the last paragraph that _Alight at night may have practical valueBthe biological clock is beneficial to humansChuman mood disorders cannot be healed easilyDhuman studies are more important than
10、animal studies4What is the main idea of the passage?ANighttime light may foster depression.BA drug has been found to cure mood disorders.CThe study on animals can be applied to humans.DHuman biological clock can be controlled by light.(二)【要点综述】光照疗法可以治疗抑郁症，但是，新的研究表明长期暴露于夜晚的灯光也可带来抑郁症，这项研究至少在动物身上得到了验证。
11、1D细节理解题。根据“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持续接受暗淡灯光的老鼠失去了对于甜饮料的浓厚喜好，即没有那么喜欢甜饮料了，故选D项。2C词义猜测题。通过原文quash前面also可以断定，quash的意思等于前面一句话的意思，即症状消失了，故选ease“缓解，减轻”。3A推理判断题。根据最后一句可知，灯光可以影响生物钟，生物钟的改变可以影
12、响行为，故选择A项。4A主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要讨论nighttime light与mood disorder或depression的关系，故A项正确。阅读下列短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选
13、出最佳选项。【2014陕西省西安市长安区第一中学一模】AOnce again, I was in a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. Thats where the similarities ended.I was tall and she was small. My thick, black hair had been recently cut short. Her natural blonde hair flowed to her waist and looked great. I was awkward and shy
14、. She wasnt. I couldnt stand her. I considered her my enemy. She liked me. She wanted to be friends.One day, she invited me over and I said yes I was too shocked to answer any other way. No one had invited me over to play. But this girl who wore the latest fashions wanted me to go home with her afte
15、r school.I got very surprised when she led me into an apartment building. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister.When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surpri
16、se. I would have thought shed outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in closet, laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. Thats when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older and we both had wild imaginations.We had a grea
17、t day that afternoon. Our jaws ached from smiling so much. She showed me her wardrobe, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.Paris had the whole neighborhood cha
18、rmed. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free slices. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each others houses, spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being
19、 tall.Paris, my first real friend since childhood, taught me an amazing and very surprising thing about making friends: that your worst enemy can turn out to be your best friend.46The writer and Paris were similar in that .A. they were both new students B. both of them were friendlyC. both of them w
20、ere tall D. they were both the youngest in class47In the article the writer described Paris as a girl who was .A. awkward and shy B. fashionable and proud C. quiet and lonely D. friendly and lovely48What did the writer learn from Paris?A. How to make best use of her neighborhood. B. How to dress and
21、 look fashionable.C. How to become a good writer. D. How to make friends.49From the article, we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer .A. found she and Paris had more similarities than differencesB. was able to fit in at her new school with Paris helpC. was not so awkward or shy
22、 as beforeD. learned more about fashion herself【参考答案】4649 ADDC 【重庆市名校联盟2014联合模拟】The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal ser
23、ved as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city. The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7,143,789, but it soon gained its pri
24、ce many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121,461,891. For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who pla
25、nned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but the
26、y were unsuccessful. Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4,1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.44. We
27、can see that the Erie Canal _. A. joined the Great Lakes together B. crossed New York from north to south C. played an important part in developing New York City D. was the first waterway built in the US45. It can be inferred that _ into the Atlantic Ocean. A. the Great Lakes flowB. the Hudson River
28、 flows C. Lake Erie flowsD. the Erie Canal flows46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? _ A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000. B. Its 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.
29、D. Many other states helped New York built the canal.47. We can draw a conclusion that _，according to the passage. A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends. B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor. C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time. D. Constr
30、uction of the canal took eight years.【参考答案】 4447、CBAD 阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。【2014四川省资阳市第一次诊断性考试】To get a chocolate out of a box requires a lot of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived, the cellophane (玻璃纸) wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened
31、and the paper removed, the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this overuse of wrapping is not limited to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping.The package itself is of no interest to the s
32、hopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London house-hold each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging
33、 is using up valuable energy and resources and polluting the environment.Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies (牛奶场）, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting wit
34、h plastic bottles.The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to throw away plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many producers who say there is no alternative (
35、替代品) to their handy plastic packs.It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers rather than producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and to make things look better
36、 so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of throwing away packaging as using it wisely. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.47. The underline
37、d part “this overuse of wrapping is not limited to luxuries” in Paragraph l means _.A. more wrapping is needed for ordinary productsB. the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessaryC. more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsD. too much wrapping is used for both luxury and
38、ordinary products48. Why is packaging important to producers?A. It is easy to use it again.B. Packaged things will not go rotten.C. They want to attract more shoppers.D. Shoppers are all interested in beautiful packaging.49. According to the passage, dairies are _.A. reusing their paper containersB.
39、 giving up the use of glass bottlesC. increasing the use of plastic bottlesD. experimenting with the use of paper bottles50. Some environmentalists think that _.A. too much plastic is wastedB. shops should stop using plastic containersC. no alternative can be found to plastic packagingD. plastic packaging should be made more convenient4750、DCCB
