1、山东省聊城市某重点高中2013届高三下学期高考模拟试题(三)英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节) 该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意:回答听力部分时,请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前,你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。第一节:(共5小题;)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.19.15. B.9.15. C.9.18. 答案是B。1. What does the man wa
2、nt?A. Some stamps.B. A telephone number.C. The location of the post office.2. Where are the speakers?A. In the open air. B. In the bookshop. C. In a restaurant.3. What do we know about Mr. Butler?A. He always speaks loudly.B. He is too quiet.C. He always feels sleepy.4. What are the speakers talking
3、 about?A. A physics exam. B. An experiment. C. A health exam.5. Why did the man visit the woman?A. To say sorry to her. B. To borrow something. C. To help cook a meal.第二节(共15小题;)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍
4、。听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8三个小题。6. Where was the woman when she smelled smoke?A. In the living room. B. In Rileys house. C. In the kitchen.7. What are the Rileys doing?A. They are having a holiday. B. They are putting out a fire. C. They are calling for help.8. Who will make the call?A. The man.B. The woman. C
5、. Mr. Riley.听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11三个小题。9. Why was the womans father angry last night?A. He doesnt like meeting her friends.B. She came back home late.C. His health has been poor.10. What did the womans father do last month?A. He had a checkup.B. He worked overtime.C. He did a lot of exercise.11. What does
6、 the woman offer to do?A. Go to the hospital.B. Stay at her fathers.C. Have a talk with her father.听下面一段对话,回答第12至第14三个小题。12. What are the speakers talking about?A. Giving Christmas presents.B. Holding a Christmas party.C. Inviting relatives and friends.13. How old might Anne be?A. Around 5. B. In he
7、r teens. C. Around 30.14. Who is interested in music?A. Dick. B. Anne. C. The mans father.听下面一段对话,回答第15至第17三个小题。15. Which number did the woman press?A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.16. What do we know about History 107?A. It is very hard.B. It is quite popular.C. Its registration code is HIS 107 BS3.17. What does
8、the woman mean by the last sentence?A. She will call later.B. She can save some money.C. She will get some coins for the call.听下面一段独白,回答第18至第20三个小题。18. What is checked in the first test?A. Your eyesight.B. Your driving skills.C. Your knowledge of traffic regulations.19. What does the instruction per
9、mit allow you to do?A. Drive under normal highway condition.B. Have the car checked by the license office.C. Practice driving with an experienced driver.20. What should you take with you when taking the road test?A. Your instruction permit.B. Your own car.C. Your identification card.第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45
10、分)第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例:Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.AWhats moreBThats to sayCIn other wordsDBelieve it or not答案是D。21. Mary _ a photo of Professor Smith while he was making a speech. A. takesB. tookC
11、. would takeD. has taken22. _the light in the hall will take more than money.A. MendingB. MendC. Being mendedD. To be mended23. The young couple will have to rent a house, for their newly bought one _.A. was decoratedB. is being decoratedC. will decorateD. had decorated24. Which city do you expect t
12、o live in?I dont mind where I live _ there is my favourite job.A. so that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as25. We had to spend three more hours waiting in _cafe at the airport because _ flight was delayed. A. a; the B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; a26. My computer needs to be repaired. How much do you
13、 think it _?A. would cost B. cost C. will cost D. has cost 27. My daughter, _ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot. A. which B. that C. whoseD. where 28. The young woman had her car _ in the mud for two hours before the rescue workers arrived. A. trapB. trapping
14、C. trappedD. to be trapped29. Id like to go to Tommys birthday party this evening, but I _ just _ from the flu.A. amrecovering B. willrecoverC. was recoveringD. hadrecovered30. Glancing _ his shoulder, Eric could see the dog was running after him. A. over B. acrossC. throughD. onto31. I wish I _ the
15、 car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home. A. will share B. have shared C. would share D. had shared32. I had a very boring weekend at home. Why did you stay at home? You _ with us. A. might hike B. could have hiked C. should hike D. must have hiked33. When
16、would it be possible for Lucy to see the judge or _ it was the lawyer? Next week. A. whichB. whoeverC. whoseD. whatever34. Proudly reading his poem, David glanced around the room, only _ none of his classmates was listening to him. A. found B. finding C. find D. to find35. How strange it is _ the st
17、udents are so quiet in the classroom!A. whereB. whenC. whether D. that第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Outside our hotel in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a seemingly ancient woman waited beside the door with her hand outstretched(伸出的). Every day I put my ha
18、nd in hers as our eyes _36_. She never _37_ to return my smile, my grasp, and my greeting. On the last day of our _38_, I found myself _39_ on a busy corner across the street from our hotel. Bicycles and motorbikes rushed in front of me. We had been advised to walk _40_ through the heavy traffic wit
19、hout looking right or left. Let them _41_ us. But tonight I was by myself and felt _42_ to face the stream of vehicles. _43_ I hesitated on the sidewalk, I felt a hand on my elbow and looked down to see the smile of my small beggar friend looking up at me. She nodded her head toward the street, _44_
20、 that she would take me across. Together, we moved slowly into the chaos. Then we moved on _45_ the sidewalk, where she pulled my face down to hers, kissed me on both cheeks, and then walked away, still smiling and waving back to me. I had not given her a single coin. We had _46_ something vastly mo
21、re importanta warming of hearts in friendship. Traveling in poorer nations, I have _47_ a variety of ways to deal with beggars. The most _48_ response of tourists faced with those extremely poor people is to _49_ them and focus their eyes elsewhere. I have seen people push away an outstretched hand
22、in _50_. A few may hurriedly drop a few coins, and then make a quick getaway in hopes that another 20 ragged beggars wont immediately appear on the _51_. For many reasons, giving money is not the best _52_ to an outstretched hand. The greatest gift is time and respect. To look beggars in the eye and
23、 smile, thus acknowledging their existence, is a small thing. Putting your hand into anothers outstretched hand and grasping it _53_ for a moment is also a small thing. But these are important. Everyone needs _54_, to be seen as worthy of being _55_, to feel appreciated and loved. And I believe that
24、 everyone is worthy and worth knowing. 36. A. metB. openedC. turnedD. dropped 37. A. attemptedB. wantedC. managedD. failed38. A. workB. visitC. campD. festival39. A. freeB. aloneC. lostD. exposed 40. A. awayB. offC. straightD. about41. A. avoidB. stopC. lead D. direct 42. A. unwillingB. inadequateC.
25、 inappropriateD. unfit43. A. SinceB. AlthoughC. AsD. Before44. A. hopingB. consideringC. concludingD. indicating45. A. acrossB. offC. alongD. towards46. A. earnedB. sharedC. expectedD. undertaken 47. A. changedB. followedC. possessedD. witnessed48. A. initial B. automaticC. aggressiveD. common49. A.
26、 ignore B. opposeC. tolerateD. scold 50. A. anxietyB. desperationC. annoyanceD. sadness 51. A. streetB. cornerC. wayD. scene52. A. resultB. responseC. rewardD. reply53. A. firmlyB. casuallyC. cautiously D. eagerly 54. A. recognitionB. encouragementC. motivationD. commitment55. A. likedB. trustedC. a
27、ccepted D. known第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFirst ladys campaign brings changeWASHINGTON (AP) Wal-Mart(沃尔玛) is putting special labels(标签)on some products to help shoppers quickly notice healthier ones. Millions of schoolchildren are helping t
28、hemselves to vegetables from salad bars in their lunchrooms, and kids meals at Olive Garden and Red Lobster restaurants come with a side of fruit or vegetables and a glass of low-fat milk.These changes are taking place due to the campaign against childhood fatness, for which the first lady Michelle
29、Obama began fighting three years ago. Fatness has become a serious problem in the country. About one-third of U.S. children are overweight, which puts them at increased risk for any number of deadly illnesses, including high blood pressure and heart disease. Still, Mrs. Obama faces challenge. Not ev
30、eryone welcomes her effort. Some blame her for going too far and say she has no right to tell what people should and shouldnt eat. But nutrition supporters and others praise her for using her influence to help bring interests to the table. They said the first lady has raised public awareness about f
31、atness, which will help decrease childhood fatness rates.There is evidence of small decrease in childhood fatness rates in some parts of the country. New York reported a 5.5 percent drop in fatness rates in kindergarteners through eighth-graders between the 2006-07 and 2010-11 school years. In Phila
32、delphia, the drop was 4.7 percent among students in grades K-12.Fighting against children fatness is hard work, but its well worth the effort. The first lady is planning a promotional tour. She has been talking up the campaign against childhood fatness on daytime and late-night TV shows and on the r
33、adio. She also plans discussions next week on Google and Twitter.“Weve been spending a lot of time educating and re-educating families and kids on how to eat, what to eat,” the first lady said. “Were starting to see some changes and were starting to show some improvement.” 56. What is the purpose of
34、 the campaign started by the first lady? A. To call on healthy eating. B. To reduce childhood fatness rate. C. To show the harm caused by fatness. D. To educate people how to avoid illness.57. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The popularity of healthy food. B. The importance of balanced
35、diet. C. Childrens preference for vegetables.D. The changes brought out by the campaign.58. What can we learn from the passage about Mrs. Obama? A. She is an expert in healthy eating. B. She has won support of the whole nation. C. She shows great concern about childhood fatness. D. She makes good us
36、e of media to increase her influence.BMrs. Squirrel and I Negotiated TermsI was sitting in the room reading when I heard a loud noise. To defend my home from break-in, I picked up my defense weapon- a broom and went out. There on the roof of my porch(门廊), I saw a grey fluffy squirrel. I drove her aw
37、ay with the broom, but the next day I heard her again.I searched squirrels on the net and found because their teeth keep growing, they have to constantly chew on things to shorten their teeth. This was disturbing so I asked my husband to call in some wildlife control people. On Monday morning two me
38、n showed up, with guns in their hands. I pointed uneasily to the hole in my porch roof. They held up their guns. Suddenly I saw in my mind the baby nursery inside. I stopped them and confirmed that they wouldnt harm her. They hesitated, but finally put down their guns. Then they brought out a bottle
39、 of deodorizer(除臭剂)and sprayed it into the squirrels home. They told me she would not like the smell and would leave.There was no sign of Mrs. Squirrel, so they blocked the hole, took my cheque for $250 and left. Shortly after they left, Mrs. Squirrel returned from her shopping trip. She was mad at
40、being driven out and began feverishly clawing at the porch roof. In order to stop the destruction of my home, I drove her away with the broom again. Each day thereafter, Mrs. Squirrel continued her attack on my possession. I then called the company to report that “SHES BAAAAAACK” The receptionist sa
41、id that if Mrs. Squirrel had managed to find another way into my porch roof, it would be a new charge. I replied I couldnt continue contributing my husbands hard-earned income to their silly wildlife experts and hang up. I went to the porch and banged on the roof. Mrs. Squirrel came out and glared a
42、t me. We negotiated some terms, came to an agreeable arrangement and went back into our respective homes. All is quiet these days, although large quantities of materials have been removed from my garage wall and my daughter claims that some of her doll-house furniture has disappeared. I still hope t
43、hat Mrs. Squirrel would leave, but I will wait until it is warmer and hopefully until after the birth of the little ones. 59. What did the author think of the squirrel at first?A. Troublesome.B. Dangerous.C. Interesting. D. Clever.60. Why didnt the author ask the wildlife control people to come agai
44、n? A. She worried about the safety of the squirrel. B. She thought the company charged too much. C. She decided to drive away the squirrel herself. D. She doubted the ability of the wildlife control people.61. What can we learn from the passage? A. Getting rid of the squirrel needs patience. B. The
45、squirrel has destroyed the authors house. C. The author has developed affection for the squirrel. D. The author singed an agreement with Mrs. Squirrel.62. The author has written the passage in a (an) _ way. A. persuasiveB. seriousC. informativeD. amusingCBefore my first summer vacation at college, m
46、y roommate Ted asked to me to work with him on his fathers farm in Argentina. The idea of spending two months in Argentine was exciting. Then I began having second thoughts. I had never been far from New England, and I had been homesick my first few weeks at college. What would it be like in a stran
47、ge country? What about the language? The more I thought about it, the more the idea worried me. In the end I turned down the invitation. As soon as Ted asked somebody else to go, I began kicking myself. I had turned down something I wanted to do because I was scared, and had ended up feeling depress
48、ed. That unhappy summer taught me a valuable lesson out of which I developed a rule for myself: do what makes you anxious; dont do what makes you depressed. At the end of my senior year, I began to think about becoming a writer. But my professor was urging me to aim at teaching. I hesitated. The ide
49、a of trying to live by writing was a lot scarier than spending a summer in Argentina. Back and forth I went, making my decision, unmaking it. Suddenly I realized that every time I gave up the idea of writing, that downhearted feeling went through me.Giving up on what I really wanted to do depressed
50、me. Right then I learned another lesson. To avoid that kind of depression meant having to bear a certain amount of worry and concern.When I first began writing articles, I was frequently required to interview big names. Before each interview I would get butterflies in the stomach and my hands would
51、shake. One person I particularly admired was the great composer Duke Ellington. On the stage and on television, he seemed the very model of confidence. Then I learned Ellington still got stage fright. If the highly honored Ellington, who had appeared on the bandstand some 10,000 times over 30years,
52、had anxiety attacks, who was I to think I could avoid them? I went on doing those frightening interviews. Then I realized to my astonishment that I was even looking forward to the interviews. What had happened to those butterflies?Well, in truth, they were still there, but there were fewer of them.
53、I had benefited, I discovered, from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxious situation often enough, he will eventually learn that there isnt anything to be worried about, which brings me to a conclusion: youll never get rid of anxiety by avoiding the things
54、that caused it. The point is that the new, the different, is definitely scary. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. 63. We can infer from the passage that the author_. A. finds it difficult to make decision B. has found out what causes anx
55、iety C. was inspired by Duke Ellingtons stage fright D. no longer feels anxious about new experiences 64. The underlined word “extinction” in Paragraph 6 means _. A. a persons gradual loss of confidence B. the natural development of a childs abilities C. the inborn tendency to avoid anxious situatio
56、ns D. the process of losing fear by keeping facing anxiety65. Which of the following opinions does the author probably accept?A. Hesitation leads to depression. B. Anxiety can be a positive drive C. Avoiding anxiety reduces depression.D. Depression is a signal that one is growing up.66. Whats the be
57、st title of the passage? A. Confidence: Key to Success B. Anxiety: Challenge by Another NameC. Depression: A Psychological Phenomenon D. Success: A Trip Through Anxiety and Depression DStore shelves are filling up with so-called “green” products promising to benefit the environment. A recent argumen
58、t shows that it can be as difficult for buyers to confirm such statement as for producers to defend them.The argument concerns the GreenPlug Electricity Saver. The GreenPlug is supposed to prevent energy waste by electrical equipment whose constant -speed motors operate at less full load-as is espec
59、ially true of older refrigerators. Research showed that such motors can be made to do the same work with less heat, noise, and power consumption just by lowering the voltage(电压)of the power supply. John and Wyck Hay, started Green Technologies to apply that finding to home appliances. In the USA, th
60、ere are more than 140 million refrigerators in use, accounting for an average of 16% of the household electric bill. Two years of research resulted in the GreenPlug. Connecting between wall socket and refrigerator, the equipment contains a minicomputer that gives a motor full power (120 volts on ave
61、rage) for start-up, then reduces the power to 106 volts.Older refrigerators are the most overpowered and, thus, save the most energy with a GreenPlug. Refrigerators less than two years old are already energy-saving that a GreenPlug actually makes them waste electricity.The higher the voltage, the la
62、rger the difference a GreenPlug makes.Higher power costs shorten the payback time. The population-weighted national average is 10 cents per kilowatt-hour. But some residents in Washington State pay 1.5 cents. Some in Alaska pay 41.6 cents.Then come highly individual household differences like the nu
63、mber of children or refrigerator-opening age. All in all, the GreenPlug should save the average consumer $20 a year.Although the GreenPlug lowered the voltage as it was designed to do,Consumer Reports , an influential magazine, questioned how quickly-if ever-electricity savings due to the plug would
64、 repay its cost. People would be better off buying a new, high-efficiency refrigerator, the magazine advised.Consumer Reports also said that the GreenPlug didnt give a promised 25% savings worth $50 a year. The savings on the oldest model was the best at 8.6%, worth $20 a year. Green Technologies or
65、dered tests of the GreenPlug on up to 2,800 refrigerators through next year. The company will not put that data in stores. Instead, potential buyers will call to learn how their model of refrigerator performed. Meanwhile, there is little evidence of consumer dissatisfaction. Sales topped 45,000 unit
66、s last month. The return rate is less than 0.2%. 67. The GreenPlug on store shelves are due mostly to _. A. an increased concern about the environment B. a demand for money-saving technology C. the high cost of electrical power D. the shortage of power supply 68. What do we know about the GreenPlug?
67、 A. It is especially designed for old refrigerators B. It works well with all home appliances C. It cant guarantee lower electric bills D. It doesnt function with lower voltage69. In the GreenPlug argument, the magazine Consumer Reports _. A. advocates for the GreenPlug B. suggests Green Technologie
68、s never tell the truth C. doubts the effect of the GreenPlug D. informs the public of different opinions70. We can infer from the passage that the author _.A. feels optimistic about the future of GreenPlug. B. believes the GreenPlug has cheated customers. C. holds an objective attitude to the issue.
69、D. encourages further investigation.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 “Tear them apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee(裁判)!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. 71 They have been
70、 known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to violence. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations(含义)may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term
71、“opponent” as one of those words. 72 The dictionary meaning of “opponent ” is “enemy” or “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may control ones brains. 73 I recall an incident in a handba
72、ll game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player started to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselve
73、s across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player hitting his opponent with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. 74 It certainly gives proof of a court at
74、titude which differs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to a higher level. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” 75 You may soon s
75、ee and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.” A. Reflect a moment!B. Does that make any sense?C. But lets not kid ourselves.D. Such rude comments express ones strong desire to win. E. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.F. P
76、layers sometimes turn to violence hoping to injured opponents.G. And every action, no matter how rude, may be considered acceptable.第四部分:写作(满分30分) 近来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多,极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。请你根据提示,用英语写一篇文章,向某英语报社投稿。 提示:1. 分析雾霾形成的原因(如:气候变化、污染等);2. 提出两条在雾霾天气下的注意事项;3. 提出至少两条治理污染的建议。注意:1. 上下文连贯,行文流畅。 2. 词数120150(首句已
77、给出,并不计入词数)。Recently, more and more frequent heavy hazes are greatly influencing our life and health.英语试题参考答案第一部分:听力(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)1-5 BAACB 6-10 CABCA 11-15 BABCA 16-20 BBACB第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)21B22A23B 24D25A 26C 27C 28C 29A 30A31D 32B 33B 34D 35D第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5
78、分,共30分)3640 ADBBC 4145 ABCDD 4650 BDDAC 5155 DBAAD第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)56.B57.D 58.C59.A60.B61.C 62.D 63.C 64.D65.B66.B 67.A68.C 69.C70.C 第二节(共5小题 ;每小题2分,共10分)71.C 72.E 73.G 74.B 75.A 第四部分:写作答案(略)写作评分标准A评分原则本题总分为30分,按5个档次给分。评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。词数少于120
79、和多于150的,从总分中减去2分。评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性、根据表达内容的层次适当分段及语言的得体性。拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。B内容要点1树立自信,克服羞怯心理;2多参加英语角活动;3多看英语新闻(如CCTV-9)。C各档次的给分范围和要求第一档:(2530分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务。对题中所提供的信息进行了恰当的描述,清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。语法结
80、构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。第二档:(1924分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。对题中所提供的信息进行了描述,表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。第三档:(1318分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。能描述题目中的信息,表达了自己的观点并尝试进行论证。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。应用简单
81、的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。第四档:(712分)未恰当完成试题规定的任务。能涉及到题目所提供的信息,体现了对问题的看法及其原因。语法结构单调,词汇知识有限。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第五档:(16分)未完成试题规定的任务很少涉及题目中所提供的信息,个人观点表达不清,而且没有阐述原因。语法结构单调,词汇项目有限。较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。0分 信息未能传达给读者。未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;所写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法辨认。