1、Unit 3Family mattersUsing language复习时态(Tenses)【语用功能】时态被用来表明谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间。【情境探究】A:When did you visit Hangzhou?B:I visited Hangzhou last year.A:Where will you go this summer vacation?B:I will go to Nanjing.观察上面的对话,并完成句子1.My friend _(spend)his childhood in Beijing.2.I _(let)you know as soon as he arri
2、ves.spentwill let【要义详析】英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。一、一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成 be动词(am,is,are)作谓语;行为动词(动词原形或单三形式)作谓语2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week/day/year/month等3.一般现在时的用法:(1)表示经常性的动作或状态*We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是互相关心、互相帮助。(2)一般现在
3、时表示客观存在或普遍真理*Light travels faster than sound.光传播比声音快。(3)用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作*Well go to have a picnic tomorrow unless it rains.我们明天去野餐,除非天下雨。(4)表示按时间表拟定的、安排好的活动*The train leaves at 10 oclock.火车十点开。【即学活用】语法填空(1)He always _(sleep)with the windows open.(2)The sun _(rise)in the east.(3)The volleyball
4、match will be put off if it _(rain).(4)(2017北京高考)People _(have)better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.sleepsrisesrainshave二、现在进行时1.现在进行时的构成be(am,is,are)+doing2.时间状语:now,at this time,at the moment,at present,this week/month,these days等3.现在进行时用法:(1)表示说话时正在进
5、行着的动作*Dont make any noise!The baby is sleeping.别吵闹!那个婴儿正在睡觉。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作*Children are learning to play the piano these days.这几天孩子们正在学习钢琴。(3)有些动词(arrive,come,go,leave等)用现在进行时表示将要发生的、计划或安排好的事情*A few foreigners are coming to visit our school this afternoon.几个外国人今天下午要来参观我们学校。【名师点津】有感情的现在进行时现在进行时有时可代替
6、一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感情色彩,与always,forever连用。*You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达不满情绪)【即学活用】语法填空(1)Look!The train _(get)into the station.(2)Dont take that ladder away.Your father _(use)it.(3)George _(work)on a new book these days.is gettingis usingis working三、一般过去时1.一般过去时的构成:行为动词过去
7、式或be动词过去式(was,were)作谓语2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/month,in 1989,just now,once upon a time,etc.3.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态*Lucy turned off all the lights before she went out.露西在出去之前关上了所有的灯。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作*He often went swimming in the river when he was young.他小时候经常
8、到河里游泳。【即学活用】语法填空(1)(2017全国卷)Later,engineers _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube.(2)(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.managedsearched(3)(2016全国卷)Confucius believed knives would
9、remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.(4)(2018北京高考)Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around.Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just _(start)on Monday.werestarted四、一般将来时1.一般将来时的构成:will/shall+动词原形【名师点津】一般将来时的其他表现形式(1)be going to+do(2)be to+do(3)be about to do2.时间状语:next ti
10、me,the day after tomorrow,in the future3.一般将来时的用法(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态*I will teach you Japanese next year.我明年将教你学日语。(2)表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯动作The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生每周将要上五节英语课。【即学活用】语法填空(1)We _(leave)for London next Monday.(2)I am afraid there _(be)a meeting this
11、afternoon.I cant join you.(3)If city noises are not kept from increasing,people _(have)to shout to be heard even at dinner.shall leavewill bewill have五、现在完成时1.现在完成时的构成:has/have+done2.时间状语:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,so far,in the last.years,since,for+时间段。3.现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果*I ha
12、ve just returned the book to the school library.我刚刚把那本书还给了图书馆。(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。*I have lived here for about ten years.我在这里住了大约十年了。【知识延伸】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响,它和现在有密切的联系。(2)一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点,不涉及对现在的影响。She has seen the film before.她看过这部电影。(强调她已经看过了)She saw the film last night.
13、她昨晚看了这部电影。【即学活用】语法填空(1)(2018全国卷)Since 2011,the country _(grow)more corn than rice.(2)(2018北京高考)Chinas high-speed railways _ _(grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.世纪金榜导学号(3)He _(work)here for over twenty years.has grownhavegrownhas worked六、过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成:had+done2.时间状语:long be
14、fore,by the end of,last week等。3.过去完成时的用法:表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。He had finished the work by the time I arrived.我到达时他已经干完活了。【即学活用】语法填空(1)She told me she _(be)there three times before.(2)When we arrived,the football match _(begin).(3)She _(visit)China twice before she came this year.had beenhad begunhad visited
