1、动词与动词短语精讲精炼02十一感官使役动词类这类动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的时候,表示动作已经完成或表示动作的全过程;后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行,后接过去分词时表示一个被动动作已经完成但在被动结构中作主语补足语的动词不定式要带to这类动词有see, look at, watch, notic, observe, hear, feel, listen to, make, let等例如: I saw two boys playing football on the playground. We often heard this song sung by o
2、ur students after class. When I stayed at home, I often made my little brother cry, but last week, I was made to cry by my little brother. 十二系动词类能用作系动词的词后面常接形容词或名词作表语,此时动词没有进行时态和被动语态这类动词有be, appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, smell, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall, make,
3、remain, continue, stand, lie, sit, exist等例如: This roasted duck looks good and smells delicious. On hearing the news he looked sad and he looked at me sadly. My brother remained silent all time at the meeting. The speech he made proved disappointing. 十三后接动名词作宾语的动词类此类动词及短语动词后面接动名词作宾语这类动词和短语动词有mind, ri
4、sk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, forbid, deny, feel like, look forward to, cant help, keep(on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等例如: He is considering finishing pratising playing the notes in order not to disturb others. The t
5、iger escaped being killed by the hunter. 十四后接动词不定式作宾语的动词类这类动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语它们有afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up ones mind, used, be about, be able, have等例如: She pretended not to see me
6、when I passed by. My father earns a low salary every month, so he cant afford to buy such an expensive car. 十五后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词类这类动词的后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词其中区别不大的有begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate意义有明显区别的有try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做), mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着做), cant help doing(忍不
7、住做), cant help to do(不能帮助做), remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做), regret doing (后悔做过), forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过), stop to do sth(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth(停止正在做的事), go on to do sth(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth(继续做某事)例如: I am too busy today, so I cant help to wash the dishes. 今天
8、太忙,我不能帮助刷盘子了Hearing the story, I cant help laughing heartily. 听到这个故事,我情不自禁地笑了起来十六表示“需要”意义的动词类这类动词后面既可以直接接动名词,也可接动词不定式的被动式,但二者均可表示被动含义这类动词有need, want, require, deserve等例如: The new teaching building needs painting. (= The new teaching building needs to be painted.) Your suggestion deserves reconsideri
9、ng. (= Your suggestion deserves to be reconsidered.) 十七用在虚拟语气中的动词类表示应该(或规劝命令建议要求)等意义的动词后面,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”的形式,其中should常常可以省略这类动词有order, suggest, insist, advise, command, demand, require等例如: Captain Cook commanded his men (should) jump into the sea. The police required that I (should) turn
10、 up. 十八用主动形式表示被动意义的动词类这类动词常用主动形式表示被动的意义,其后常跟副词well, easily, poorly, 用来说明主语的特点性质或状态等这类动词有break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate等例如: The clothes my mother bought for me last year washed well. The pen writes
11、smoothly. 十九不能用于被动语态和进行时的动词类这类动词不能用于被动语态,它们用作谓语动词时,也不能用于进行时这类动词(短语)有become, cost, have, last, hold(容纳), fit, stand(忍受), suit, belong to, consist, exist, depend, happen, take place, run out(用完), break out, give out(耗尽), go out(熄灭), burst forth(突然爆发)等例如: The car in the garage belongs to my elder broth
12、er. The chair gave out under the fat man. The fuel ran out on the way. 二十后接反身代词作宾语的动词类这类动词后面常接反身代词作宾语它们有enjoy, seat, present, teach, help, devote, call, find, force等例如: He taught himself law when free and devoted himself to teaching. He devoted himself to the revolution many years ago. The boy calle
13、d himself a fool when he was told to leave the garden.短语动词是高考考查的一个热点，分析近年高考试题可知，高考对动词短语的考查主要有以下几个方式。一、不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词使用频率较高的这类动词有：call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。常见的介词或副词有：in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。1. 动词+ away构成的短语动词有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好
14、；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away 潜逃；跑开；go away 走开2. 动词+ for构成的短语动词有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for要求；plan for打算，为计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for索取，寻找；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待; look for寻找等。3. 动词+ on构成的短语动词有：try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，坚持，继续；car
15、ry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上（车）；come on赶快等。4. 动词+ over构成的短语动词有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克复，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；hand over 移交；turn over翻转等等。5. 动词+ up构成的短语动词有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来; cut up切碎; fix up修理；give up放弃；go up 上升，增长；gro
16、w up 长大；look up尊敬，向上看，查寻；make up虚构，弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创（纪录）; send up发射; show up 揭露，露面；turn up出现，把调高一点; take up占据，开始从事等等。6. 动词+ out构成的短语动词有：come out出来; go out出去，熄灭; look out留神，当心; walk out走出; set out出发，开始; put out扑灭，生产; give out发出，发表; hand out分发; pick out挑选; find out找出
17、，发现; speak out大声地说; turn out生产，打扫; get out出去，离开; work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通; carry out实现，执行; bring out出版；start out 出发，动身等等。二、同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词（即介词或副词）常见的这类动词有：break，die, call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等等。1. break + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：break down击败，摧毁，发生故障，（身体）垮掉；break out
18、爆发；break through突破，突围；break off 中断，突然停止；break up打碎，分解，驱散；break in闯入（不及物）；break into破门而入（及物）；break away突然离开，逃脱，脱离等等。2. bring +介词的短语动词有：bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over把带来等等。3. come + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：come in进来；come from 来自于；come about产生；c
19、ome over过来; come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进; come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着来；come back回来；come around绕道而来；come down下来；come on快点，赶快等等。4. cut + 介词的短语动词有：cut in插嘴，插入；cut into切入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎; cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减；cut out剪取，剪掉；cut through通过，穿过等等。5. cal
20、l + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：call after以的名字来命名；call for要求；call back叫回，召回，回忆；call up使人想起，给某人打电话；call on号召，拜访某人；call in （at）在某地稍作逗留，邀请；call off取消等等6. get + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：get about传播；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通（电话）；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get out出去，离开；get over 克服；get across通过，被理解；get along与融洽相处；get
21、away离开，脱身等等。7. give + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：give up放弃；give in屈服，投降; give away赠送，捐赠，无意中泄漏，错过；give over移交，交出；give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出（光，热）；give back归还。8. go + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：go ahead着手，开始（做），进行；go along进展，前进；go around流传，传播；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go on继
22、续，发生；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等等。9. look + 介词/ 副词的短语有：look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；look around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look over检查；look through浏览，检查；look up向上看，查阅等等。10. turn + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：turn about / round（使）向后转，回头，转身；turn against（使）反对（某人）；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；tu
23、rn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into（使）变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out熄灭，生产；turn over翻过来；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等等。11. put + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：put aside把放在一边，积蓄；put away把收拾好，积蓄；put back把放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off推迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演；put out生产出，出版；put up举
24、起等等。12. be / get / become + 过去分词/ 形容词+ 介词的短语动词有：be dressed in穿着；be fond of 爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于；be used to习惯于；be curious about对好奇；be engaged in忙于；be glad to乐意；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of知道；be worried about担心等等。13. 动词+ 副词+ 介词的短语动词有：add up to合计达；break away from从脱
25、离开；come up with找到，提出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等等。三、动词不同，小品词也不同。这一类题应该是最难的，因为它考查面广且灵活多变。【例】Shes having a lot of
26、trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to_ . A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about 【解析】turn to“求助于”；look for“寻找”；deal with“处理”；talk about“谈论”。句意是“她使用这部新电脑一直有麻烦，但她不知道该找谁帮忙。”故正确答案为A。【考点诠释】考点一、考查动词词义辨析 这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。 例Recently,
27、 these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed 考点二、 考查近义动词辨析 这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。 例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B da
28、maged C. harmed D. destroyed 【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。 考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配 英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。 例 With modern equipme
29、nt, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。 考点四、 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配 英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾
30、补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。 例The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 考点五、 考查系动词 动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, g
31、row, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。 例The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】 题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；the effect和see之间是被动关
32、系，所以答案为B。【备考提示】1. 全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功 2着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查考点六、考查同根动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。例How I wish that I could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A. set out B. set off C. set in D. set up 【解析】分析题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知，空缺处应该是“表达；解释”之意，而四个选项中只有set out有此意，故答案为A。
