1、Section Grammar合成词和冠词语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.A keyboard is the part of the computer that you type on.2.Whats the difference between computer hardware and computer software？3.The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and its accessible through a computer.4.He came up with the ide
2、a of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.1.由例句1、2可知：把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成构词法。常见合成词有合成名词、合成形容词和合成动词等几种类型。2.由例句3、4可知：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，常用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词(the)，另一种是不定冠词(a/an)，还有一种是零冠词(名词前不用冠词)。一、合成词合成名词名词名词football足球earthworm蚯蚓动词名词playground操场pickpocket扒手动词
3、副词breakthrough突破gettogether聚会动名词名词waitingroom候车室sleepingpills安眠药名词动名词handwriting手写sunbathing日光浴副词动词outbreak爆发downfall垮台，堕落其他构成方式byproduct副产品touchmenot含羞草gobetween媒人， 中间人合成形容词形容词名词edgoodtempered好脾气的nobleminded高贵的， 高尚的形容词现在分词goodlooking长得好看的easygoing容易相处的副词现在分词hardworking努力工作的farreaching深远的， 广泛的名词过去分词
4、heartbroken心碎的stateowned国有的名词现在分词peaceloving爱好和平的maneating食人的副词过去分词wellknown著名的widespread分布广泛的形容词过去分词kindhearted好心肠的readymade做好的， 现成的名词形容词worldwide世界范围的selfsatisfied自我满足的，自负的 名师点津合成名词的复数(1)“名词名词”构成的合成名词，一般情况下，主体名词变成相应的复数形式。如： boy friendboy friends 男朋友；passerbypassersby 过路人。如果man和woman为前缀的名词变成复数时， 前后
5、两个名词都变成复数。如：man doctormen doctors 男医生(2)有些合成名词无主体名词，则在最后一个词的词尾加s或es，如：grownupgrownups成年人即时演练1根据句意写出合成词To close your document, press CTRLW on your keyboard(键盘)This film is the first British animation sold to an American network(网络)Talk quietly in the reading-room(阅览室)in order not to disturb others.Ha
6、ve you ever been to that worldfamous(世界著名的)university?Alice is such a goodlooking(长得好看的)girl that she is considered the class beauty.二、定冠词1特指某(些)人或某(些)物或双方都知道的人或物。The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago.这个年轻人是我十年前教过的学生。Open the door, please！请把门打开！2指上文提到过的人或事物。There was a chair by the
7、window.On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位怀里抱着一个婴儿的年轻妇女。3指世上独一无二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大？ 名师点津如果名词前有修饰语， 可用不定冠词：a bright moon 一轮明月4和单数名词连用表示一类人或事物； 与形容词或分词连用， 表示一类人。The train goes faster than the bus.火车比公共汽车快。They bu
8、ried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once.他们掩埋了死者， 把受伤的人立刻送进了医院。5用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前面。Where do you live？你住在哪？I live on the second floor.我住在二层。He was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.他是办公室里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。6用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、 机关团体、 阶级等专有名词前。the Pe
9、oples Republic of China中华人民共和国the United States美国7用在表示乐器、 方位的名词之前。Do you like playing the piano or the violin?你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴？Summer in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.在法国南部， 夏天多半是干燥、 阳光明媚的。8用在姓氏的复数名词之前， 表示一家人或夫妇二人。The Greens are going home on a train.格林一家人在回家的火车上。9hit/strike/
10、take/seizesb.in/on/bythe身体部位。A stone hit him on the back.一块石头砸在他的背上。10表示世纪、 年代或朝代的词前。in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代the Ming Dynasty 明朝11用在某些固定词组中make the best/most of 充分利用in the end最后by the way 顺便说一下in the distance 在远处即时演练2单句语法填空In the United States, Fathers Day falls on the third Sunday in June.After havin
11、g a good breakfast, he went to play the piano.I bought a book yesterday.And I lent the book to Mary this morning.三、不定冠词1表示数量 “一” 的概念， 与one相近， 但不如one语气强。I have a bike.Its made in Shanghai.我有一辆自行车， 它产于上海。2用在单数可数名词前， 泛指一类人或事物。A student should study hard.学生应该努力学习。3不具体指明是何人或何物时。He has just come back from
12、 an African country.他刚从一个非洲国家回来。4表示“每一(个)”，相当于per或each。The car can run 100 kilometres an hour.这种车每小时能行驶100千米。5用在物质名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一场，一类”等。They were caught in a heavy rain.他们遇上了一场大雨。6knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of.时，其前或其修饰语前常用不定冠词a/an。He has a good knowledge of French.他精通法语。7特殊用法。不定冠词用于序数词前
13、表示“又一，再一”。Can you give me a second chance, please?你能再给我一次机会吗？“a most形容词”表示“很”，most在此不表示最高级含义，而是“很，非常”的意思，相当于very。This is a most interesting film.这是一部非常有趣的电影。8用于某些固定搭配中。as a result 因此as a matter of fact 事实上 in a hurry 匆忙in a word总之即时演练3单句语法填空Its an honour for me to give you a lecture on how to study
14、English here.A Mr.Wang came to see you this morning and left a message for you.It has rained for 3 months.As a result, some plants have died.四、零冠词1在专有名词、 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。China is a big country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的大国。2表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不加冠词。My father and mother are teachers.我的父亲和母亲都是教师。3在季节、 月
15、份、 日期前不加冠词， 但是当被限定时加the。Winter comes after autumn.秋天过后， 冬天来了。In the winter of 2017, his life was changed.在2017年的冬天， 他的生活被改变了。4在名词前有物主代词、 指示代词、 不定代词或名词所有格修饰时， 不用冠词。My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的贵多了。5一日三餐、 球类、 棋类、 游戏名称、 学科名词前一般不用冠词。I think Chinese is more popular than any other subje
16、ct.我认为汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。6表示官衔、 职位的名词作补足语、 表语或同位语时， 不加冠词。He was elected president of the company.他被选为公司的经理。名师点津有无冠词含义不同：(1)in hospital住院in the hospital在医院(2)in front of在前面in the front of在的前部(3)at school在上学at the school在学校(4)at table在吃饭at the table在桌旁(5)out of question毫无疑问out of the question根本不可能即时演练4单句语法填空
17、He questioned her next morning over the breakfast table.I go to school on foot because my home is near the school.The museum is quite far.It will take you half an hour to get there by bus.合成词/冠词填空1She is only a tenyearold (10岁的) girl.2Our English teacher is a warm-hearted (热心的), honest and strict ma
18、n.3Last Sunday，I went sightseeing (观光) with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park.4They liked to climb the snowcovered (白雪覆盖的) mountains.5Australia is an Englishspeaking(讲英语的)country.6My brother is really hardworking (努力工作的)He often works in his office far into the night.7In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.8If we sit in the front of the bus, well have a better view.9It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly in the night sky.10If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.
