1、选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity.【立体记单词 快速识记】1._(n.)手段;方法2._(vi.)发生;出现3._(vt.&n.)抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会meansoccurgrasp4._(n.)(人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.)处于经济迅速发展时期5._(n.)海关;关税;进口税6._(n.)行李7._(vi.)滑动;滑行;滑跤(n.)滑动;滑倒boomcustomsluggageslip8._(vt.&n.)租用;雇用9._(n.)大多数;大半 _(n.)少数10._(vt.)选择;决定做某事;选举某人 _(n.)选举11._(adj.)清晰的;明显的;明确的 _(
2、n.)差别;区分;卓著hiremajorityminorityelectelectiondistinctdistinction12._(n.)申请人_(vi.)申请_(n.)申请书;申请13._(adj.)显而易见的;显然的;表面上的 _(adv.)显然地;显而易见地14._(vt.)指出;标示;表明;暗示_(n.)迹象_(n.)指示器;指示信号applicantapplyapplicationapparentapparentlyindicateindicationindicator【语境应用】用所给词的适当形式填空We are all consumers of time,and the _
3、of usalso tend to be time wasters.(major)There is a great deal of evidence _ that listening to soft music can reduce stress.(indicate)majorityindicating_,she took no notice of the _ mistakes in the accident.(apparent)All the _ can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in thei
4、r _ before May 6th.(apply)ApparentlyapparentapplicantsapplicationsThe results of the survey fell into _ groups.The old were scholars of great _ while the young were the opposite.(distinct)He _ that an _ should give me some _ of how I did in the test.(indicate)distinctdistinctionindicatedindicatorind
5、ications.【多维练短语 查缺补漏】1._ 继续存在;继续生存2._ 用办法;借助3._习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4._坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)live onby means of.make a lifekeep up5.team up with_6.mark out_7.take in_8.apply for_9.back to back_10.a great/good many_与合作或一起工作用线画出范围;标出界线包括;吸收申请;请示得到背靠背许多;很多【语境应用】选用以上短语填空After marriage,the couple went to America and _
6、 there.The university _ a school in England for the research project at present.A volleyball court had been _ on the grass.made a lifeis teaming up withmarked outHe would like to _ the position as a salesman advertised in the newspaper yesterday.The woman _ by the businessmans offers of marriage and
7、 stupidly gave him most of her money.The work that the class is doing is too difficult for me.I wont be able to _.apply forwas taken inkeep up.【超级仿句式 模仿经典】1.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(It is likely that.很可能)【仿写】很可能有一些像地球一样
8、的星球,在那里也可能存在生命。_ there are some planets like the earth,on which there might also be life.It is likely that2.That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(why引导的表语从句,表示“的原因”)【仿写】他迷恋电脑游戏,那就是他不得不辍学的原因。He is addicted to computer games,and _ he has to drop out of
9、school.that is why3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of manyraces and cultures.(It作形式主语的主语从句)【仿写】人们相信他是这个职位的合适人选。_ he is fit for the position.It is believed that.【必考重点单词】1.mea
10、ns n.手段;方法【思维激活 试一试】Researchers at the University of Bristol have found _ _ _ creating a battery capable of generating clean electricity for five millennia.布里斯托大学的研究人员已经发现了一种可产生足够使用5 000年的清洁电能的电池的制造方法。a means of【知识构建 记一记】by means of.用方法;借助by this means用这种方法by all means务必,一定,当然可以by any means无论如何,以一切可
11、能的手段by no means绝不,无论如何也不(位于句首,句子需用部分倒装)She could not speak,but made her wishes known by means of gestures.她不会说话,但她用手势表达了她的愿望。Furthermore,punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.此外,惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上成长的明智选择。【误区点拨 悟一悟】means 表示“方式,方法”时,单复数同形,当means作主语且有ever
12、y,each等修饰时,谓语动词用单数;当由some,several,few,many等修饰时,谓语动词用复数。【拓展延伸】means表示“方法、手段、工具”,常与介词by连用method指做某事的具体步骤或程序,也指系统的、抽象概念的原理,常与介词of搭配way是最常用的词,本意是“通路”,引申作“方式、方法”讲,含义很广approach也有“方法、步骤、途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式,常与介词to搭配2.majority n.大多数;大半【思维激活 试一试】(2016天津高考)_ _ _ _ take an online language test before starti
13、ng their programme.在开始项目之前,他们大部分人进行网上语言测试。The majority of them【知识构建 记一记】(1)a/the majority of 大多数be in a/the majority构成大多数/大部分(2)majorvi.专修;主攻major in主修(3)minority n.少数;少数派/人Among the members of the committee,those who are in favour of the plan are in the majority.委员会成员中赞成这项计划的人占大多数。What subject did
14、you major in when you were in university?你在大学主修的科目是什么?【误区点拨 悟一悟】(1)当a/the majority of.作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。(2)当the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数都可以。3.occur vi.发生;出现【思维激活 试一试】A good idea _ _ _ suddenly.我突然想起了一个好主意。occurred to me【知识构建 记一记】sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to sb.that.某人突然想起It occurs to sb
15、.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。Didnt it occur to you to phone them about it?难道关于这件事你就没有想到给他们打个电话?【误区点拨 悟一悟】occur常与介词to搭配,相当于动词happen,不能用于被动语态。【对接高考 做一做】(2018天津高考)It seldom _them to wander a bit,to take a moment to see whats around
16、them.他们很少想过要四处走走,花点时间看看周围的东西。occurred to【拓展延伸】表示“突然想起”的表达方式 主 语句 型想到的事情作主语或it作形式主语sth.strikes es to sb.It strikes sb.that-clauseIt hits sb.that-clause人e(s)up with an idea/a thought【要点拾遗】1.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人【思维激活 试一试】The old man _ _ _ on a mountain for his rest life.老人决定在山上度过余生。elected to live【知识
17、构建 记一记】elect to do sth.决定做某事elect sb.(to be/as)+职务推选某人担任某职务He was elected(as/to be)the new Prime Minister.他被选为新一届首相。【对接高考 做一做】(2015陕西高考)I have such a good command of English that I _ assistant to my English teacher.我精通英语因而我被选为英语老师的助手。am elected as(2014江苏高考)She was put under house arrest two years ag
18、o but remained a powerful symbol in last years _(elect).election2.indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示【思维激活 试一试】He _ _ _ that we could never be good friends again.他向我暗示我们再也不可能成为好朋友了。indicated to me【知识构建 记一记】(1)indicate sth.(to sb.)(向某人)暗示/提及indicate that/wh-clause 表示;示意(2)indication n.暗示;预兆A signpost indicated t
19、he right road to us to follow.路标给我们指示应走的路。The state of his clothes indicates clearly that he has been playing football.他衣服的状态清楚地表明他一直在踢足球。3.apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的【思维激活 试一试】His unhappiness _ _ to everyone.他的悲伤每个人都可以看到。was apparent【知识构建 记一记】be apparent to sb.对来说是显而易见的It is/was apparent that.很显然ap
20、parently adv.显然地It is apparent that he has changed his mind.显然他改变了主意。【即学即练】题组训练1.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了,但没有一种奏效。Every possible means _ _ _,but none worked.All possible means _ _ _,but none worked.has been triedhave been tried2.用所给动词的适当形式填空The majority of doctors _(agree)that smoking is closely connected to
21、 lung cancer.The majority _(be)in favour of the proposal.The majority of the damage _(be)easy to repair.agreewas/wereis3.完成句子_ he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早上要去参加一个重要的会议。_ he would make such a great success in business.约翰从未想过他会在生意场上取得如此巨大的成功。It occurred to him th
22、atIt never occurred to/struck/hit John that.【热考短语句式】1.take in 包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留【思维激活 试一试】写出黑体部分的含义(2016四川高考)The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.()吸收The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.()Women are often taken in by pro
23、ducts for losing weight.()It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.()收留欺骗理解【知识构建 记一记】take apart 拆开;剖析take down 拿下;记下take up从事;继续;拿起;占据take over接管take off起飞;脱下;离开take on承担;呈现In the past few years,the village has taken on a new look.在过去的几年中,这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。Since Jerry is absent tod
24、ay,lets get someone else to take up the work where it was left off yesterday.由于杰瑞今天缺席,我们让别人从昨天停下来的地方继续做这项工作。2.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而,美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。【思维激活 试一试】一句多译汤姆很可能保守这个秘密。_ _ _ _ Tom will keep this
25、 secret.=Tom _ _ _ keep this secret.It is likely thatis likely to【知识构建 记一记】It be likely that.也可转换为:sb./sth.+be likely to do sth.,意为“某人/某物可能做某事”。It is likely that we will be caught in the storm.我们很可能遇上暴风雨。Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfact
26、ion.然而,65岁或者年龄更大的成年人更可能低估他们对未来生活的满意度。【明晰异同 辨一辨】likelyIt is likely+that从句sb./sth.is likely to do sth.possibleIt is possible(for sb.)to do sth.It is possible+that从句probableIt is probable+that从句【对接高考 做一做】(2016浙江高考)_ _ _ _ babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe.婴儿们有可能天生不知道宇宙的基本事实。It
27、 is likely that【要点拾遗】1.keep up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)【思维激活 试一试】The student has been getting all As.I hope he can _ it _.那个学生各门功课都得了A,我希望他能够保持下去。keepup【知识构建 记一记】keep up with 跟上,不落后;与并肩keep up ones spirits振作精神I think it important that we keep up with the times.我认为我们跟上时代是很重要的。Walking alone in the dark,the boy
28、 whistled to _ _ his courage.独自一人在黑暗中走,那个男孩吹口哨给自己打气。keep upI love technology and try to _ _ _ it so I canrelate to my students.我喜欢科技,并且竭力不落后,这样我就可以理解我的学生们了。keep up with2.team up with与合作或一起工作【思维激活 试一试】(2013江西高考)Its a pleasure to _ _ _ such excellent workers.与这么好的工人合作是令人愉快的。team up with【知识构建 记一记】catch
29、 up with 赶上put up with忍受end up with以结束Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。If you do that,youll end up with egg on your face.你要是做那件事,必将以耻辱告终。3.mark out 用线画出范围;标出界线【思维激活 试一试】The site of the new chemical fertilizer plant has been _ _.新化肥厂的厂址已经被标出界线了。marked out【知识构建
30、记一记】mark down 写下;打低分;降低价格be marked with标记着;被标上记号Every pupils coat must be marked with his/her name.每个学生的外套上必须标明自己的名字。He was marked down because of poor grammar.他因语法不好而被扣了分。4.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultu
31、ral groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在明显的主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【思维激活 试一试】仿写句子_ that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。It is generally believed【知识构建 记一记】(1)It is believed that 据认为It is said that.据说It is reported that.
32、据报道It is hoped that.人们希望It is thought that.大家认为It is well known that.众所周知(2)“It be+过去分词+that 从句”可以改写为:“从句主语+be+过去分词+不定式”。Its said that John will be in a job paying over$60,000 a year.据说John将会有一份年工资超过60 000美金的工作。(2015安徽高考)It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
33、据报道,未来几年,月球上将修建一座空间站。【拓展延伸】It作形式主语的用法(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,good,etc.)+that从句*It is true that he was a lawyer two years ago.两年前他是个律师,这是事实。(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句*It is no wonder that all people are angry at it.难怪所有人都对此很生气。(3)It+不及物动词(
34、seem,happen,turn out,appear,etc.)+主语从句*It turned out that Obama was elected to be president for the second time.结果奥巴马第二次当选为总统。【即学即练】完成句子1._(为保持良好关系)with your teachers and classmates,you should learn to be on good terms with them.To keep up good relationships2.Mr Powel _(制定出)a general course of actio
35、n.3.I _(合作)Tom to do the work according to the assignment.4.Mr Brown sent an e-mail to the manager,_ _(申请一份工作)in the company.has marked outteamed up withapplyingfor a job5.Many young people are going to big cities to _(谋生)for themselves.6.These teenagers dont know much of the world yet;thats why the
36、y are _(那么容易受骗).make alifeso easily taken in7.After _(看到许多无家可归的人)in the streets,I thought I should do something for them.seeing a great many homeless people.教材与语法填空根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。California is 1._(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population.It is the most multicult
37、ural state in the USA.This is not 2._(surprise)when you know the history of California 3._has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.No one really knows what the thirdsurprisingwhichtime the first 4._(settler)arrived in what we now know as California.The scientists believe that the
38、Native Americans reached America by means 5._ a land bridge.In the 18th century,California was ruled by Spain.Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men.In 1848,gold 6._ _(discover)in California and the dream of settlersofwasdiscoveredbecoming rich quickly attracted peo
39、ple from all over the world.In fact,few achieved their dream,but most remained in California 7._(make)a life for themselves.In more recent decades,California has become home 8._ more people from Asia.It 9._ _(believe)that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great 10._ there will be no di
40、stinct major racial or cultural groups.to maketoisbelievedthat.教材与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。George arrived early on the morning by bus.He went straight to the hotel and dropped his luggage,then he went explore.The first thing was a ride on cable car.From top of the
41、 hill he gets a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.Building in 1873,the cable car system was invented by AndrewHallidie.He was wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.Apparent,he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in that a tram slipped down the
42、 hill dragging the horses with it.With so many exploring,he was exhausting and had a rest.答案:1.第一句的onin。2.第二句的exploreexploring。3.第三句的cable前加a。4.第四句的getsgot。5.第五句的BuildingBuilt。6.第六句的was去掉。7.第七句的ApparentApparently。8.第七句的thatwhich。9.第八句的manymuch。10.第八句的exhaustingexhausted。.教材与话题写作 请根据以下信息介绍班级旅游的情况。Ste
43、p 1补全句子1.我们班的大多数同学原打算周日骑自行车去参观长 城。_had decided to visit the Great Wall _bicycling on Sunday.The majority of our classby means of2.我们忽然想到故宫博物院更吸引人。We suddenly thought that the Palace Museum was _.more appealing3.在路上我们相互合作携带行李。On the way we _to carry our luggage.4.在入口处,我们推选汤姆去买票。At the entrance we _bu
44、y tickets.teamed upelected Tom to5.正如它的宣传册上明确标明的那样,在故宫博物院 中有许多有价值的收藏品。(用定语从句)Just as is apparently indicated in its brochure,there are _.a good many valuable collections in the PalaceMuseum6.大家认为世界上没有任何一个地方能像故宫博物院 那样给我们留下如此深刻的印象。People believe that nowhere in the world can _ _the Palace Museum.impre
45、ssus so deeply asStep 2词句优化7.用occur to句式改写句2_8.把句6改为主语从句_Suddenly it occurred to us that the Palace Museum wasmore appealing.It is believed that nowhere in the world can impress usso deeply as the Palace Museum.Step 3连句成篇 The majority of our class had decided to visit the Great Wall by means of bicy
46、cling on Sunday.Suddenly it occurred to us that the Palace Museum wasmore appealing.So we changed our minds.On the way we teamed up to carry our luggage and at the entrance we elected Tom to buy tickets.Just as isapparently indicated in its brochure,there are a good many valuable collections in the Palace Museum.It is believed that nowhere in the world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.
