1、Section Discovering Useful Structures非限制性定语从句一、定语从句的种类【观察思考】This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。The woman who/that survived the earthquake is Amys English teacher.在地震中幸存的那位女士是埃米的英语老师。He is English,which I know from his accent.他是英国人,那是我通过他的口音知道的。This is our he
2、admaster,who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长,我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。【探究总结】(1)限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定_词。如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间一般不用逗号分开;关系代词在从句中作_语时可以省略。(2)非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对_词或_做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。答案：(1)先行;宾【应用实践】用适当的关系词填空。Holly,is from Australia,
3、has a good command of Chinese.(2)先行;主句The dictionary,our teacher bought yesterday,is helpful to us.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,is considered one of the highest international honours a person can rec
4、eive.Davis wanted to visit the farm the seawater rice was grown.答案：whowhichwhenwhichwhere二、非限制性定语从句1.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句【观察思考】A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,whichsurprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令在场的所有人感到惊讶。Bobs father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egyp
5、t.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程,在埃及度过了四年。As can be seen from his face,he is quite pleased.从他的脸上可以看出来,他非常高兴。【探究总结】(1)引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有、_、whom、whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)当先行词指人时,通常使用、whom来引导;当先行词指物时,通常使用来引导。关系代词不可以省略。另外,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。(3)由as、which引导的非限制性定语从句,as和which可指代整个_,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语,但不同之处主要有:as引导的定语从句可置于,而whic
6、h不可。as后常接expect、know、report、say、等动词的主、被动语态句,有“正如,就像”之意;which常翻译为“这一点”。答案：(1)which;who;as(2)who;which(3)主句句首see【应用实践】用适当的关系代词填空。Have you seen the film,leading actor is world-famous?My friend,has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life,is retiring next month.we all know,China is a d
7、eveloping country.These apple trees,I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.Peter,you met in London,is now back in Paris.Hangzhou is a beautiful city,is famous for West Lake.Yesterday I met an old friend,had a gift of music when he was young.He is talking about the great woman,films have
8、been on in many cities.is reported,Chinese team won the final.The child had a fever last night,worried his parents very much.答案：whosewhoAswhichwhom whichwhowhoseAswhich2.关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句【观察思考】We will put off the outing until next week,when we wont be so busy.我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期,那时我们就不会那么忙了。Many children go
9、 to a day care centre,where they can learn games.很多孩子上日间托儿所,在那儿他们可以学习游戏。【探究总结】当先行词指时间或地点时,用、引导非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作状语。why不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which来代替。whenwhere【应用实践】用适当的关系副词填空。They went to London,they lived for six months.He will put off the picnic until May 1st,he will stay with his family.Well graduate
10、in July,we will have a graduation ceremony.They reached the hotel yesterday,a negotiation of sale will be held.The next day we arrived in New York,we were interviewed on the radio.答案：wherewhenwhenwherewhere3.“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构【观察思考】Here are the questions,some of which I think are difficult for you.问题
11、都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty percent of whom are women.这家纺织厂有八千多名职工,女职工占百分之八十。【探究总结】“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest.of/等形式。whichwhom【应用实践】(1)选词填空(which/whom)。John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most o
12、f are family members.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of uses it differently.The old man has two daughters,both of work as doctors.She has several balls,the largest of is the blue one.答案：whomwhichwhomwhich(2)完成句子。屋子里都是孩子,其中四个是那个老人自己的孙子。The house was full of children,_ _w
13、ere that old mans own grandsons.史密斯先生住在这幢楼里,楼的墙壁是粉色的。Mr.Smith lives in the building,_ _ _ _ is painted pink.他有三个儿子,他们都是老师。He has three sons,_ _ are teachers.答案：four of whomthe wall of which all of whom三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别【观察思考】This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句,先行词是
14、novel)The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.我昨天晚上看的那部小说非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句,先行词是novel)The novel is very interesting,which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思,这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整句话的内容)I have told them the reason,for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(非限制性定语从句)This is the man(whom
15、/who/that)we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend,whom he wanted to impress.这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下好印象。(非限制性定语从句)【探究总结】1.形式不同:限制性定语从句和主句之间没有号;非限制性定语从句一般用号与主句隔开。2.先行词不同:(1)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是词(词组)或代词;(2)非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是词(词组)或代词,也可以是整个。逗逗名名主句3.关系词的使用情况不同:(1)that、why不可用于引导
16、非限制性定语从句,指物时要用_代替that,代替why。(2)关系代词替代情况不同。关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可以用引导,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,关系代词只能用who或whom。(3)关系代词省略情况不同。关系代词在限制性定语从句中作语时可省略,而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。答案：(1)which;for which(2)whomthat(3)宾【应用实践】用适当的关系词填空。Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for th
17、e poor children,is quite unexpected.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.Can you tell me the reason he was absent yesterday?Einstein,was a German,found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of _ recovered.答案：whichwhich/thatwhywhowhom
