1、语法专题突破专题六 非谓语动词英 语2022内 容 索 引核心考点 课堂突破专项训练 巩固提升核心考点 课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020全国卷)They represent the earth _(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.(2020全国卷)They
2、 make great gifts and you see them many times _(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.to findcomingdecorated4.(2020全国卷)They are easy _(care)for and make great presents.5.(2020全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _(find)the well-known painter.6.(2020全国卷)And when he saw
3、the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.to careto findsurrounding7.(2019全国卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive _(perform)consistently over a large area.8.(201
4、9全国卷)Scientists have responded by _(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.9.(2019全国卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman of the Year”for _(be)Britains oldest full-time employeestill workin
5、g 40 hours a week.to performnotingbeing10.(2019全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to _(retire)from her 36-year-old business.11.(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North
6、Shore under the stars,_(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.12.(2018全国卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _(die)early by running.13.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long _(see)the benefit.retirelisteningdyingto see考点归纳考点一非谓语动词的基本形式类别基本形式一般式进行式完成式
7、不定式to do;to be doneto be doing to have done;to have been done动词-ing形式 doing;being done having done;having been done过去分词done考点二非谓语动词的用法作主语 作表语 作宾语作定语作状语作补语不定式表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作1.动词的宾语2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式3.不少形容词后可接不定式1.表将来的动作2.修饰被序数词、最高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词1.表示目的2.表示结果:only to do;e
8、nough to do;so/such.as to do;too.to do3.表示原因或条件表示将来动作作主语作表语作宾语作定语作状语作补语动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征:it is no use/no good/fun/nice doing.there is no doing.1.动词的宾语(有些动词只接动词-ing形式)2.介词的宾语3.形容词后跟宾语表示正在进行的和主动的动作(having done/having been done不作定语)表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等;一般式表示与主句同时进行;完成式强调发生在主句
9、谓语动词之前表示正在进行作主语 作表语作宾语作定语作状语作补语过去分词说明主语的状态,或表示被动动作表示已经完成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)与主句主语之间是被动关系表示被动关系考点三非谓语动词作宾语情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,e
10、scape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,cant help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to情况常用
11、动词两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)need,want,require,deserve(接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义不同stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)stop doing(停止正在做的事)remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on d
12、oing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)try doing(试着去做)mean to do(打算做,企图做)mean doing(意思是,意味着)考点四非谓语动词作状语形式类别例句不定式 目的、原因、条件、结果My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)Were proud to be young people of China.(原因)动词-ing形式时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况Being a teacher,y
13、ou should help your students in every way.(原因)He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)Using your head,youll find a good way.(条件)Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)形式 类别例句过去分词时间
14、、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让
15、步)The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)注意以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如:considering.(鉴于/考虑到);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of
16、.(谈及);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。考点五非谓语动词作补足语常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成We depend on you to help us out of tr
17、ouble.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;三让:let,make,have;二听
18、:hear,listen to;一感觉:feel。注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句动词-ing形式 notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.过去分词动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.注意find,leave(使处于某种状态),keep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-i
19、ng形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。What you said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。考点六非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语不定式作定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式作定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后作定语;如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。The airport to be completed next year
20、 will help promote tourism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。He has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted to find a house to live in.他想找个房子住。2.动词-ing形式作定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经
21、完成时要用having been done的形式,having been done不作定语。动词-ing形式作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.与以前相比,现在天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The houses being built are for the students.正在盖的这些
22、房子是给学生的。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。3.过去分词作定语动词-ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物过去分词作定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表被动。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。考点七独立主格结构动词-ing形式 The clock striking twelve,I went to bed.(表原因)
23、名词(代词)+过去分词He lay on his back in bed,his hands crossed under his head.(表伴随)Enough time given,she will surely do the job better.(表条件)名词(代词)+不定式Here are the first three volumes,the fourth one to come out next month.(表伴随)He proposed a picnic,he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide
24、 the food.(表方式)名词(代词)+形容词短语Her face pale with anger,she rose to go away.(表原因)I saw a deep pond,the water blue like the sky.(表结果)名词(代词)+介词短语Then,last night,I followed him here and climbed in,sword in hand.(表方式)Child in arms,a few women stood there chatting.(表方式)名词(代词)+副词短语Summer over,the students ret
25、urned to school.(表原因)名词(代词)+名词短语His first shot a failure,Tom fired again.(表原因)考点八with的复合结构with+宾语+形容词The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.(表伴随)with+宾语+介词短语The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand.(表方式)with+宾语+副词The proud girl walked away with her head
26、up.(表方式)with+宾语+动词-ing形式 Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.(表原因)with+宾语+过去分词If you sit looking away from a person,or with your back turned,you are saying you are not interested in that person.(表方式)with+宾语+不定式With too much work to do the next day,he felt anxious and didnt sleep well
27、.(表原因)考点九不定式的主动形式表示被动含义be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式常用形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong疑问词+不定式I dont k
28、now what to do.be+不定式blame/seek/letHe is to blame for the accident.专项训练 巩固提升.单句填空1._(dress)in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _(go)on.3.Tom sounds very much _(interest)in the job,but Im not sure whether he can manage it.4.He hurr
29、ied to the station only _(find)that the train had left.5.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well _(spend).Dressedgoinginterestedto findspent6._(find)the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.7._(eat)at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again.8.Tony lent me the
30、money,_(hope)that Id do as much for him.9.When _(ask)for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it interesting and rewarding.10.Do you wake up every morning _(feel)energetic and ready to start a new day?FindingHaving eatenhopingaskedfeeling.语法填空Parents are examples of children and chi
31、ldren are the apple of parents.In a family that attaches importance to education,parents are their kids guiding stars.Prevention is better than cure.Parents must learn 1._(lead)by example,but leading by example doesnt call for perfection by any means.There is no good 2._(use)too many words.The lesso
32、ns that you teach your children by 3._(do)things the right way in their presence are far more long lasting.to leadusingdoingIt is okay 4._(be)wrong as this is how we learn.So parents should encourage children 5._(admit)and correct when they happen to make mistakes.Children must learn to behave thems
33、elves:they apologize and are grateful for 6._(accept)others help,because there is no such thing as being too polite.You can never say“please”,“thank you”or“excuse me”too often;they refuse to lie but avoid 7._(fool);they have to manage 8._(solve)their own problems;if they make a promise,they will insist on not breaking it;they can try using tools and give up 9._(risk)leading a dangerous childhood;they enjoy eating healthy food and are expected 10._(keep)fit.to beto admitacceptingbeing fooledto solveriskingto keep
