1、Unit 1 Great scientistsSection Grammar inspiredexposedterrified过去分词作定语、表语1(教材 P2)But he became _(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people _(expose)to cholera.(作表语；作定语)2(教材 P2)So many thousands of _(terrify)people died every time there was an outbreak.(作定语)interestedaffectedastonishedfri
2、ghtenedconfused3(教材 P2)He became _(interest)in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(作表语)4(教材 P2)From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the _(affect)person died.(作定语)5(教材 P2)He immediately told the _(astonish)people in Broad Street to remove the han
3、dle from the pump so that it could not be used.(作定语)6(教材 P7)Nicolaus Copernicus was _(frighten)and his mind was _(confuse)(作表语)1过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。过去分词作定语Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。T
4、he plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。【典例】(2017北京卷)Jim has retired,but he still re
5、members the happy time _(spend)with his students.解析 句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，“the happy time”与“spend”之间是被动关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作定语。答案 spent2过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。Many used compute
6、rs will be sold in this market.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如 left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的
7、作用相当于一个定语从句。He is a teacher loved by his students.他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。3过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行As we all know,China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。The visitor came from a developed country.这位游客来自一个发达国家
8、。4过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be done被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroo
9、m building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。1过去分词可放在连系动词 be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become 等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。过去分词作表语2过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强
10、调动作。The library is now closed.(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。3感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。We were amazed at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging,which made many peopl
11、e discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting令人激动的excited激动的；兴奋的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的delighting令人高兴的delighted高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的frighte
12、ned吓坏了的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的moving感人的，令人感动的moved受感动的pleasing令人满意的pleased满意的shocking令人震惊的shocked感到震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled感到迷惑的The man standing there looks frightening,and the little boy is frightened.站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕，小
13、男孩吓着了。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。looking【典例】(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64._(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65._(challenge)解析 考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词 feel 后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑
14、战性的。由语境可知，填 challenged。答案 challengedfallenleftbrought 单句语法填空1We see an old man sweeping the _(fall)leaves every morning when we pass the post office.2Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time _(leave)for us to finish this task.3Generally speaking,the children _(bring)up by gr
15、andparents tend to feel lonely sometimes.moveddelighteddressedfoundeddesigned4Yesterday we were deeply _(move)by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou.5I am very _(delight)at the news that my brother got first place in the long-distance race.6It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl _(dress)in a
16、 red skirt at the first sight.7As is known to us all,Tsinghua University,_(found)in 1911,is one of the top universities in the world.8They spent two hours discussing the plan _(design)by the famous engineer.inspiredinspiringsatisfiedconfusedconfusingenjoying9We were all _ by the _ speech made by the
17、 well-known teacher.(inspire)10My parents were _(satisfy)with the plan for our summer vacation.11The _ expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the _ problem.(confuse)12The park was full of people,_(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.去掉 were 或 were 前加 thatadvertisingadvertised
18、interestinginterested 单句改错1Many things were considered impossible in the past arecommon today._2Im calling to enquire about the position advertising in yesterdays China Daily._3Tom sounds interesting in the job very much,but Im not sure whether he can manage it._absorbingabsorbedknowingknownlosinglo
19、stholdingheldlocatinglocated4There are many people absorbing in the public square dancing at the gate of the park every night._5Jiuzhaigou,knowing for its beautiful scenery,lies in the northwest of Sichuan Province._6In order to make up for the losing time,they are working like crazy to get this fin
20、ished on time._7Some of my students took part in the National Creative Composition Contest holding last year._8Mark decided to buy a house locating near a school or hospital._If you are interested in itgave us a satisfied smile 语法与写作1(北京卷)_(如果你对它感兴趣),let me know and Ill send you more information.2 O
21、ur teacher watched us doing the experiment and _(给我们一个满意的微笑)at last.known to everybodymade by the customersare/feel honoured3Theyre having a meeting to discuss the serious problem _(每人熟知)4 To solve the problem,we should meet the demand _(顾客提出的)5We _(感到荣幸)to have you here in our English Week Activities.本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
