1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家江西省2012届高三英语二轮专项训练：阅读理解（39）AThe number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated(估计) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Af
2、rica, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.In fact, it is impossible to estimate
3、 the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judg
4、e what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, tech
5、nology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider
6、 communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communicatio
7、n and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the West. 1. What would be the best title for this passage?A. The Difficulties of Learning English B. International Communications C. The Standard Varieties of English D. English as a World Language 2. Which of the following stat
8、ements is NOT true?A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English. B. There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world. C. It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English. D. People learn
9、English for a variety of reasons. 3. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?A. It was popular during Shakespeares time. B. It is used in former British colonies. C. It serves the needs of its native speakers. D. It is a world language that is used for int
10、ernational communication. 4. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English? A. The ability to read a newspaper. B. It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation. C. Being a multilingual. D. Being a native speaker. 5. What type of developing countries would be most likely to us
11、e English?A. Those geographically close to the United States. B. Those interested in the culture of the United States. C. Former colonies of Great Britain. D. Countries where international conferences are held. BAccording to some talk, the younger generation in Smithville is the most antisocial in h
12、istory. This seems far from the truth. Young people today as a whole are better, more informed, more ambitious, healthier, and more smart than ever before. Why then, it may be asked, do we see such restlessness and such antisocial behavior among our young people?For the answer the citizens of this c
13、ommunity must look at themselves. What have they done to the grounds that have been built in the last fifteen years? How many swimming pools are there? How many vocational training projects have been started? How many community organized youth parties and picnics have been held?The average citizen w
14、ill answer that the responsibility for these activities belongs to the schools. But the schools cannot be held responsible for all the free time activities of all the young people of this community. The job of the schools is formal education, not free time recreation（娱乐）.This community needs a youth
15、 center suitable for such activities as picnics, camping, sports, music, art and so on. There should be social and recreational activities to meet the needs and interests of every member of our school age youth.Mayor Elmo D. Greely has proposed the formation of a Youth Club as the first step in the
16、direction of a Youth Center. Mayor Greely has called a meeting at the City Hall on Friday, August 15, at noon.Giving up a lunch hour is a very little sacrifice for a project that can be of great importance to this community.This newspaper urges every adult and young person of Smithville to attend th
17、is important meeting. We believe our industrial, business, and professional leaders have an especially strong duty to be present.This newspaper will be present and intends to support this project with vigor.6. The underlined word “antisocial” probably means “ ”.A. promising B. opposed to an orderly
18、society or way of lifeC. suitable to present society D. having a lot of social experience7. What does the writer think of the sentence “The younger generation in Smithville is the most antisocial in history.”?A. He thinks it is true.B. He thinks it is not true.C. He thinks it is partially true.D. He
19、 thinks it is nonsense.8. The main idea of Paragraphs 2 and 3 is .A. to give us lots of questions to show that problem is serious.B. that school should hold the responsibility for education rather than free time recreation.C. to analyze the reasons why the youth are antisocial.D. that we should take
20、 more activities or start many vocational projects.CYour chair is your enemy. That is the conclusion of several recent studies. Among people who sit in front of the television for more than three hours each day, those who exercise are as fat as those who dont.So whats wrong with sitting? The answer
21、seems to have two parts. The first is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. Compared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and engage the muscles of your back and shoulders; while standing, you often shift from leg to leg.
22、All of this burns energy.You may think you have no choice about how much you sit. But this isnt true. Suppose you sleep for eight hours each day, and exercise for one. That still leaves 15 hours of activities. Even if you exercise, most of the energy you burn will be burnt during these 15 hours, so
23、weight gain is often the cumulative(累积的) effect of a series of small decisions: Do you take the stairs or the elevator? Do you walk to the corner store, or drive?But it looks as though theres a more sinister aspect to sitting. Some evidence suggests that when you spend long periods sitting, your bod
24、y actually does things that are bad for you.Lipoprotein lipase(蛋白脂酶) is a molecule that plays a central role in how the body processes fats. Low levels of lipoprotein lipase are associated with a variety of health problems. Studies in rats show that leg muscles only produce this molecule when they a
25、re actively being moved. The result is that when you sit, an important part of your metabolism(新陈代谢) slows down. You may also have a higher risk of suffering from diabetes(糖尿病). Some people have advanced radical solutions to the sitting syndrome(综合症): replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk,
26、 or watch television in a rocking chair. But whatever you choose, know this. The data is clear; look out for your chair.9. What would be the best title of this passage?A. Become an Athlete to Be Healthy.B. Choose a Better Chair for You.C. How to Speed Up Your Metabolism.D. Stand Up While You Read Th
27、is.10. Paragraphs 2 and 3 tell us that .A. taking too much exercise harms peoples healthB. sitting a lot reduces the benefits of thanking exercise C. people neednt depend on exercise to keep healthyD. healthy people are those who sit less and stand more11. Which of the following is the best advice o
28、n how to control our weight?A. Exercising at least an hour a day.B. Standing as long as possible.C. Using our energy actively in daily life.D. Watching TV in a rocking chair.12. The author mentions lipoprotein lipase mainly to .A. show that it plays a big part in keeping us healthyB. tell us that it
29、 isnt produced while we are sittingC. suggest that we should take less exercise to be healthyD. prove sitting for long is bad for our bodyDDisposing（处理）of waste has been a problem since humans started producing itAs more and more people choose to live close together in cities,the waste-disposal prob
30、lem becomes increasingly difficultDuring the eighteenth century,it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump siteResidents or trash haulers（垃圾拖运者）would transport household rubbish,rotted wood,and old possessions to the sitePeriodically some of the tra
31、sh was burned and the rest was buriedThe unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close byFactories,mills,and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed ofThose located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the waterOthers built huge burners with
32、chimneys to deal with the problemSeveral facts make these choices unacceptable to modern societyThe first problem is space Dumps,which are now called landfills,are most needed in heavily populated areasSuch areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purposeProperty is either too expensive or too
33、 close to residential neighborhoodsLong-distance trash hauling has been a common practice but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere,cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistentAwareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of
34、 waste disposalPollution of rivers,ground water,land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of wasteThe amount of waste,however,continues to growRecycling efforts have become commonplace,and many towns require their people to take partEven the most efficient recycling programs,howeve
35、r,can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a citys reusable waste13. The most suitable title for this passage would be _A. Places for Disposing WasteB. Waste Pollution Dangers C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste D. Waste Disposal Problem 14. During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in
36、many ways EXCEPT for _A. burying it B. recycling it C. burning it D. throwing it into rivers 15. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?A. Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern societyB. There is cheap land to bury waste in modern societyC. It is difficult to find space to bury was
37、te in modern societyD. Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same16. The main purpose of writing this article is to _A. draw peoples attention to waste management B. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing C. call on people to take part in recycling programs D. tell people a
38、better way to get rid of the waste EMany of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouchedSuch event as a tornado（龙卷风）struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987Total damag
39、es from the tornado went beyond $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Traditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow comp
40、uters to study carefully the slight atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at places separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, traditional forecasting models do a much better j
41、ob predicting general weather conditions over large areas than they do forecasting specific local events. Until recently, the observation intensive method needed for exact, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts,” was not possible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional
42、 weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties concerned in rapidly collecting and processing the weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar(雷达) systems and satellites are all able
43、 to make detailed, nearly continuous observation over large areas at a lower cost. Communications satellites can send out data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly collect and analyze this large amount of weather information.Meteorologists（气象学者）and computer scie
44、ntists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment able to change weather data into words and graphic displays（图解）that forecasters can understand easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming
45、 a reality.17. Why cant traditional computer models predict short-lived local storms? A. The weather data people collect are often wrong. B. Detailed weather data in some small areas are not available.C. The computers are not advanced enough to predict them.D. The computers are not used to forecast
46、specific local events.18. The word “Nowcast” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. a network to collect storm dataB. a way of collecting weather dataC. a more advanced system of weather observation D. a forecast which can predict weather in the small area19. What can make “Nowcasts” a reality according to the
47、passage? A. Scientific and technological advances. B. Advanced computer programs.C. Computer scientists.D. Meteorologists. 20. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The advantages of “Nowcasts”.B. A tornado in Edmonton, AlbertAC. The difficulty in predicting tornado.D. A great development in weather forecast.DADBC BBC DBCD DBDA BDAD高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网 高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！
