1、2012届高三英语二轮复习精品学案（湖北专用）：第3模块 阅读理解 专题5 文化型阅读理解专题导读文化类阅读理解文章属高考常选材料之一。这类文章常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等等。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时， 应注意以下几个方面：1. 先题后文。先读题目， 再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点， 如果带着问题读文章， 有利于我们抓细节。 2. 先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后， 自然会加深我们对文章的理
2、解， 这样更有利于做主旨大意题。 3. 重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Main idea型；一类是Topic或Title型。真题典例2011全国卷 The way we do things round here Some years ago，I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started，“Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to jo
3、in us.”That “quite”saddened me.I thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.”Then I discovered that in American English “quite”sometimes means “very”，while in British English it means “fairly”So the first lesson about working in other
4、 countries is to learn the language and by that I dont just mean the words people speak. It is body language，dress，manners，ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures(文化) Some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress，food and hours
5、 of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with.Mostly，it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them，like the climate(气候)，while getting on with business.Some of the differences may be an improvement.People are more polite；the service is better；you ask fo
6、r something to be done and it happens without having to ask again.However，other differences can be troubling，like punctuality(准时)If you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany，five minutes early in the American Midwest，an hour ea
7、rly in Japan,15 minutes afterwards in the UK，up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece.I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.()1.The author was unhappy
8、 as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought_.Athe American bank didnt think much of himBthe American bank might hire another personCits difficult to get used to American cultureDits easy to misunderstand Americans()2.The word“highlights”in Paragraph 2 probably means_.AencouragesBhelps to narrowC
9、increasesDdraws attention to()3.According to the author，what should we do with most cultural differences?AAsk the native people for help.BUnderstand and accept them.CDo things in our own way.DDo indepth research.()4.When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_.AItalians BGermansC
10、Greeks Dthe British【要点综述】 作者以自己在美国的一次找工作的经历，说明了在国外工作了解外国文化差异的重要性。1A细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句话That “quite”saddened me.和第四句话I thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.”可知是A。结合下面的解释American English “quite” 的意思，可知B“这家银行打算雇用另外一个人”错误。C“难以习惯美国文化”和D“
11、容易误解美国人”与事实不符。2D词义猜测题。从第二段的最后一句话画线部分前面的The way people do things和后面的many of the differences we see between cultures可知这里的highlights是“吸引注意力”的意思。A项意为“鼓励”，B项意为“帮助缩小”，C项意为“增加”，与语境不符。3B细节理解题。从第三段的第二句话Mostly，it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them可知是B。4B细节理解题。根据最后一段的第四句话y
12、our guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany以及后面给出的各个国家的例子，可知是德国人最守时。新题预测(一)Over the years Ive been teaching kids about a simple but powerful spiritthe ant philosophy(哲学). I think everybody should study ants. Ants have an amazing fourpart philosophy, and here is the first
13、 part：they never quit. Thats a good philosophy. If theyre headed somewhere and you try to stop them, theyll look for another way. Theyll climb over，theyll climb under, and theyll climb around. They keep looking for another way. What a neat philosophy, to never quit looking for a way to get where the
14、yre supposed to go.Second, ants think winter all summer. Thats an important perspective(态度， 观点). You cant be so naive (无知的)as to think summer will last forever. So ants are gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer. An ancient story says, “Dont build your house on the sand in summer.” I
15、t is important to think ahead. In summer, you have to think about the storm. You have to think about rocks as you enjoy the sand and sun.The third part of the ant philosophy is that ants think summer all winter. That is so important. During the winter, ants remind themselves, “This wont last long；we
16、ll soon be out of here.”And on the first warm day, the ants are out. If it turns cold again, theyll go back, but then they come out again if it is warm. They cant wait to get out.And here is the last part of the ant philosophy. How much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter?
17、 All that he possibly can. What an incredible(难以置信的)philosophy, the “allthatyoupossiblycan” philosophy.What a great ant philosophy! Never give up, look ahead, stay active and do all you can.()1.If ants have trouble reaching somewhere, they will _. Agive up their effort at lastBlook for others helpC.
18、 wait for a chance to comeDget there in another way()2.In Paragraph 3, people are advised _.Ato build their houses in winterBto gather some food in winterCto build the house on the sand in summerDto think about the storm in summer()3.The third part of the ant philosophy is_.Amore important than the
19、other threeBto believe in yourself and think about no difficultyCto be active and make use of every opportunity Dthat we should know winter is longer than summer()4.Which of the following shows the “allthatyoupossiblycan” philosophy? AWe should try our best to do what we can.BOne should think of wha
20、t will happen in the future COne should get more pay for what he has done.DWe should spend more time doing our work.1D细节理解题。根据第二段的“If theyre headed somewhere and you try to stop them, theyll look for another way.”可知，它们会寻找其他方法到达它们想去的地方。2D推理判断题。根据第三段的“In summer, you have to think about the storm.”可以确定
21、答案。3C细节理解题。第四段中的“During the winter，ants remind themselves，They cant wait to get out.”，以及作者在最后一段中所概括的“stay active”，表明蚂蚁有积极进取的精神。4A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句的“How much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that he possibly can.”可知答案。(二)Once, many years ago, I pulled a family out of
22、a burning car somewhere in Wyoming. Last week I received a telephone call from a woman who could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing suicide. In closing she called me a hero.That got me thinking about what a hero is. Was I a hero because I pulled a
23、 family from a burning car? If so, how could I be a hero just because I wrote a story that saved someones life? Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It read “a person who does something brave” and also “a person who is good and noble”That stateme
24、nt impressed me more than the part about being brave. So I thought about something very important. And I remembered what happened to me years ago.After my marriage of twenty years ended, I was in such a condition. I was within hours trying to get up enough courage to end the pain and misery. When Ir
25、eturned home, someone had sent me a card in the mail which told me how much they would appreciate me as a friend. That wonderful card probably saved my life. That person, without even knowing_it,_saved a life and became a hero.Many stories I kept writing in the following years saved the life of a te
26、enage boy. In turn that makes the person who sent me the card a double hero. I suppose that is why I fight so hard to help the children now living in orphanages (孤儿院). Most children come out of these institutions with a very hard and bitter attitude against the world. The gifts we send them let them
27、 know thatthey have not been forgotten. Hopefully, most of them will never hurt anyone because of the kindness shown to them by those of us who cared. If it works, we will also become “heroes”()1.The main idea of the passage is _.Awhy the writer should be a hero Bwhat a hero exactly is Cwhether the
28、writer is a hero Dthat everyone is a hero ()2.Why did the woman call the writer a hero at the end of the call?ABecause his story saved her sons life.BBecause he saved a family from a burning car.CBecause he asked her son not to kill himself. DBecause he was cute and kind to everybody.()3.What does t
29、he underlined word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph 5 refer to?AThe wonderful card the writer received.BThe action of sending the card.CThe fact that the sender helped the writer.DThe fact that the sender was a friend of the writer.()4.According to the writer, who can be considered as a hero?
30、AA person who is brave.BA person who writes wonderful stories.CA person who can hold a door for others.DA person who helps someone in trouble.1B主旨大意题。从第二段的开头“That got me thinking about what a hero is”到结束，作者都围绕着“什么是英雄”这个话题，因此主旨大意应该是B。2A细节理解题。根据第一段的“Last week I received a telephone call from a woman w
31、ho could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing suicide. In closing she called me a hero.”可知女士感激作者是因为他的故事阻止了她儿子自杀，故可知答案。3C词义猜测题。根据上文那个美好的卡片救了作者的命，尽管送卡片的人没有意识到这一点可知，it应该指代送卡片的人使作者获救这件事。所以选C。4D推理判断题。根据作者对hero的解释，见义勇为的人是英雄，帮助那些需要帮助的人也是一种英雄，因此只有D符合条件。高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#U
