1、X7U32witness vt.当场见到;目击 n目击者;证人;证据5pause vi. & n暂停;中止7flee vi.逃避;逃跑 vt.逃离fled/fled (过去式/过去分词)8drag vt.拖;拉;扯10urge vt.催促;极力主张;驱策11abandon vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃abandoned adj.放纵的;堕落的13reflect vi.思考 vt.映射;反射;思考reflection n映像;思考;反映16scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓scared adj.恐惧的;害怕的scary adj.引起恐慌的3urge vt.催促,力劝,强烈要求 n强烈的欲望,迫切要求
2、urge on/upon sb.向某人极力陈述某事urge against.极力反对urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事urge that sb.(should) do sth.主张;力劝It is/was urged that.有人主张have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 即学即练3(1)He _ his pupils the importance of hard work.他向学生们力言用功的重要。(2)We _ her _ her birthday gift from her boyfriend.我们
3、催她打开她男朋友送给她的生日礼物。(3)My friends urged that I _ for the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。(4)I was urged that he _.有人极力主张他应受到处罚。urged on/urged to open/(should) apply/(should) be punished(5)The vacation is coming and I _.假期快到了,我很想外出旅行。have an urge to travel4abandon vt. 放弃,遗弃,抛弃;使任凭摆布n. 放任,放纵,狂放;无拘无束abandon sth./sb. to
4、sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由摆布abandon smoking 戒烟abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/计划with abandon 放肆地;恣意地 即学即练4(1)The child _ his parents.这孩子被父母遗弃了。(2)The crew _ the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。was abandoned by/abandoned (3)I _
5、 of being a doctor.我放弃了当医生的希望。(4)She _ herself _ despair.她陷入绝望之中。abandoned my hope/abandoned to5reflect vt. 映射;反射vi.&vt. 思考,反省,深思reflection n. 反射;反照;反映;映像reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 即学即练5(1)He lo
6、oked at his face _ the mirror.他看着镜子中自己的脸。(2)The heat _ the white sand formed a mirage.热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。(3)I need time to _ your offer.我需要时间来考虑你的建议。reflected in/reflected from/reflect on7scare v. 恐吓,惊吓,害怕n. 惊吓,恐慌,恐惧scared adj. 害怕的;担心的scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事be sca
7、red of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事be scared that 害怕(be) scared to death 吓得要死 即学即练7(1)The scarecrow in the field is used to _ the birds _. 田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。(2)They _ the little boy _ foods in the supermarket. 他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。Scare away/scared into stea
8、ling (3)The little girl _ out alone.这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。(4)Im _ Im going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。is scared of going/scared (that)8help out 帮()分担工作,帮()脱离困境help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事cant help to do 不能帮助干某事cant help doing 禁不住干某事cant help but do 只得,不得不help oneself to 随便吃/用 即学即练8(1)I
9、s there anything I can do to _?我能帮上忙吗?(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didnt know how I could _.他显然遇到了麻烦,但我不知道应怎样帮他。help out/help him out (3)Can you _ the maths problem?你能帮我解决这道数学题吗?help me out with1.abandon/desert/give up(1)abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。(2)desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责,违背誓言,有责难之意。
10、另外,desert还有离弃某地方之意。(3)give up为常用词,常用于口语,与abandon同义。 应用1(1)I persuaded him to _ smoking.我说服他戒了烟。(2)She was _ by her husband.她被丈夫遗弃了。(3)Snow forced many drivers to _ their vehicles.大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。(4)The villages had been _.这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。give up/deserted/abandon/deserted3. flee/escape/run away三者都有“逃跑”的意思,
11、但有所侧重。(1)flee强调逃跑行为本身,含有逃走、消散的意思。(2)escape强调逃跑的结果,即成功地跑掉了。(3)run away多用于口语,含有不辞而别的意思。 应用3(1)He _ from his home when he was very young.他很小时就离家出走了。(2)They _ from the burning building at last.他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。 (3)Why does she always _ any kind of responsibility?为什么她总是逃避责任?ran away/escaped/fleeX7U46adjus
12、t vi. & vt.调整;(使)适合7participate vi.参与;参加participation n参加,参与participant n参与者12donate vt.捐赠donation n捐赠donator n捐赠者14purchase vt. & n买;购买16click vi. & vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n咔嗒声18distribute vt.分配;分发distribution n分布状态;分配,分布20operate vi.工作;运转vt.操作operation n手术,运转operator n操作人员2adjust vt.调整;调节 vi. 适应adjustable ad
13、j. 可调节的adjustment n. 调节;调整adjust sth. 整理/整顿/安排某物/某事adjust sth./oneself to sth. 使适应新环境等 即学即练2(1)She _ the seat _ the height of her child.她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高。(2)It took several seconds for his eyes to _ the dark.几秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。Adjusted to/adjust to (3)You will quickly _ the student life.你很快就会适应学生生活的。adjus
14、t yourself to3participate vi. 参与;参加participation n. 参与participant n. 参加者;参与者participate in sth. 参与(某活动)participate in sth. with sb. 同某人参与某事 即学即练3(1)She actively _ politics.她积极参与政治活动。(2)All the _ in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。(3)Union leaders called for the active _ o
15、f all members in the day of protest.工会领袖们号召在抗议那天全体会员积极参加。participated in/participants/participation5donate vt. 捐赠;赠送donation n. 捐款,赠送,捐赠(物)donate sth. to sb./sth. 向捐赠某物donate sth. to do sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物make a donation to charity 向慈善事业捐赠collect donations (for) (为)募捐receive a donation 收到捐赠 即学即练5(1)He _
16、 a large sum _ relief organizations.他向救济组织捐了巨款。(2)_ is glorious.献血光荣。(3)The work of the charity is funded by _. 这家慈善机构工作所需要的资金是人们自愿捐赠的。Donated to/Donating blood/voluntary donations6distribute vt.分发,分配;散发,分布distribution n分发,分配,分布状态distributive adj.分发的,分配的,分布的distributor n分发者distribute sth. to/among s
17、b.向某人分发某物distribute sth. over.把撒在(涂在)上 即学即练6(1)Please _ these pictures _ the children.请把这些图片分给孩子们。(2)The head of the department _ the prizes _ the winners.系主任为优胜者发了奖。Distribute to/distributedamong (3)The army _ itself _ the whole area.这支军队分布在全区。Distributed over7operate v. 手术;运转;工作;操作,起作用operation n.
18、 手术;运转;操作operator n. 操作者;接线员operate a machine 操作/操纵机器operate a shop 开/经营商店operate on sb. 给某人动手术come into operation 起作用;开始生效put.into operation 实施perform an operation on sb. 为某人实施手术 即学即练7(1)This machine doesnt _.这台机器运转得不好。(2)He _ the boys leg.他给这个男孩的腿部做了手术。(3)They planned to _ a drinking club.他们计划经营一个
19、饮酒俱乐部。operate smoothly/operated on/operate8be dying to do sth. 迫切想要;渴望for sth. 渴望;迫切想要be anxious to do sth./for sth.be eager to do sth./for sth.long to do sth./for sth.be thirsty forbe keen to do sth.想要,渴望 即学即练8(1)Im _ what happened.我很想知道发生了什么事。(2)My daughter _ a piano.我女儿渴望得到一架钢琴。dying to know/is d
20、ying for1.participate/attend/join/join in/take part in(1)participate正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加。(2)attend参加会议或学术活动等,侧重于到场,出席。(3)join普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等,侧重于“成为其中一员”。(4)join in指参加比赛或活动等,并且指加入已在进行的动作。(5)take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。 应用1(1)He _ the Party in 1980.他于1980年入党。(2)Would
21、you like to _ our chess match?你乐意加入我们的棋类比赛吗?(3)How many countries and regions _ the last Olympic Games?有多少国家和地区参加了上届奥运会?joined/join in/took part in (4)We want to encourage students to _ fully _ the running of the class.我们想鼓励学生参与班级管理工作。(5)He has an important meeting to _.他有个重要的会议要参加。Participate in/at
22、tendX7U55recommend vt.推荐;建议recommendation n推荐,介绍,劝告11acknowledge vt.承认;确认;答谢acknowledgement n承认12contradict vt.反驳;驳斥13occupy vt.占用;占领;占据occupation n占领,占据19govern vt. & vi.统治;支配;管理1recommend vt. 推荐;建议recommend sth. to sb.recommend sb. sth.向某人介绍某物,向某人推荐某物recommend sb. as/sth. for 推荐某人当/某事做recommend sb
23、. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend doing sth. 建议干某事recommend that 建议(从句中用“should动词原形”,should 可省略)It is/was recommended that. 有人建议(从句中用虚拟语气) 即学即练1(1)He strongly _ her _ our firm for the post.他极力推荐她到我们公司担任这一职务。(2)Doctors _ after supper.医生建议晚饭后散步。Recommended to/recommend taking a walk (3)I _ you _ her at on
24、ce.我建议你马上去看她。(4)It is recommended that the machine _ every year.建议每年把机器检修一次。Recommend to see/(should) be checked4acknowledge vt. 承认;确认;答谢acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge sth. as/to be 认为某事acknowledge that. 承认 acknowledge ones letter 向某人表示信已收到in acknowledgement of sth.
25、 对某事表示感谢/承认It is universally acknowledged that. 是大家公认的。 即学即练4(1)He acknowledged _ _.(He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.)他承认犯了错误。(2)It is she who wants to _ you _ her daughter. 她想承认你是她的女儿。having made a mistake/acknowledge as (3)The shipping company _ of the goods to be shipped.航运公司表示所运货物已收到。
26、acknowledged the receipt5occupy vt. 占用;占领;占据occupancy n. 占用;使用occupation n. 侵占;占领;职业be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in可省略)be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事(用法同 busy)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事under occupation 在占领之下,占领中 即学即练5(1)The enemy _ the town.敌人占领了这个镇。(2)Writing _ most of my free
27、 time.写作占去了我大部分的空闲时间。(3)I _ myself _ writing a novel.我忙于写小说。Occupied/occupies/occupied in6keep it up 保持优秀成绩;继续干下去keep a close/careful watch on 密切注意/监视keep an eye on 留神照看keep away from (使)避开,不接近keep back 隐瞒不讲;留在后面,阻止keep down 限制;镇压keep from 隐瞒;使(自己或别人)不做某事keep in touch with 与保持联系keep off 使不接近,使避免keep
28、 on 继续,持续keep out 挡住,使进不去,不要进来keep up 保持(不低落);保持良好状态keep up with 跟上,不落后 即学即练6(1)_! Then you will succeed!坚持!你一定能成功!(2)They sang songs to _.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(3)He _ a correspondence _ Tom.他和汤姆保持通信联系。Keep up/keep their spirits up/kept up with7fit in 相适合;相融合fit in with sb./sth. 与合得来;适应fit sb./sth. for sth. 使适合/胜任be fit to do sth./for sth. 适合做某事 即学即练7(1)I dont think hell _ the other people.我认为他不会与别人合得来。(2)His experience _ him perfectly _ the job/_ _ the job.他的经验使他完全胜任这项工作/适合干这个工作。fit in with/ fitted for to do (3)Your car _ be on the road.你的车子适合上路。Is fit to