1、X7U32witness vt.当场见到；目击 n目击者；证人；证据5pause vi. & n暂停；中止7flee vi.逃避；逃跑 vt.逃离fled/fled (过去式/过去分词)8drag vt.拖；拉；扯10urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策11abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned adj.放纵的；堕落的13reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考reflection n映像；思考；反映16scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的scary adj.引起恐慌的3urge vt.催促，力劝，强烈要求 n强烈的欲望，迫切要求
2、urge on/upon sb.向某人极力陈述某事urge against.极力反对urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事urge that sb.(should) do sth.主张；力劝It is/was urged that.有人主张have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 即学即练3(1)He _ his pupils the importance of hard work.他向学生们力言用功的重要。(2)We _ her _ her birthday gift from her boyfriend.我们
3、催她打开她男朋友送给她的生日礼物。(3)My friends urged that I _ for the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。(4)I was urged that he _.有人极力主张他应受到处罚。urged on/urged to open/(should) apply/(should) be punished(5)The vacation is coming and I _.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。have an urge to travel4abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃；使任凭摆布n. 放任，放纵，狂放；无拘无束abandon sth./sb. to
4、sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事abandon sb. to the mercy of 听任某人由摆布abandon smoking 戒烟abandon a project/plan 放弃一项方案/计划with abandon 放肆地；恣意地 即学即练4(1)The child _ his parents.这孩子被父母遗弃了。(2)The crew _ the burning ship.水手们离弃了燃烧着的船。was abandoned by/abandoned (3)I _
5、 of being a doctor.我放弃了当医生的希望。(4)She _ herself _ despair.她陷入绝望之中。abandoned my hope/abandoned to5reflect vt. 映射；反射vi.&vt. 思考，反省，深思reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像reflect sb./sth. in sth. (指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 即学即练5(1)He lo
6、oked at his face _ the mirror.他看着镜子中自己的脸。(2)The heat _ the white sand formed a mirage.热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。(3)I need time to _ your offer.我需要时间来考虑你的建议。reflected in/reflected from/reflect on7scare v. 恐吓，惊吓，害怕n. 惊吓，恐慌，恐惧scared adj. 害怕的；担心的scare sb. away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事be sca
7、red of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物be scared of doing sth. 害怕发生某事be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐惧做某事be scared that 害怕(be) scared to death 吓得要死 即学即练7(1)The scarecrow in the field is used to _ the birds _. 田地里的稻草人是用来吓跑小鸟的。(2)They _ the little boy _ foods in the supermarket. 他们威胁这个小男孩到超市里去偷食物。Scare away/scared into stea
8、ling (3)The little girl _ out alone.这个小女孩不敢一个人外出。(4)Im _ Im going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。is scared of going/scared (that)8help out 帮()分担工作，帮()脱离困境help sb. with sth. 帮助某人干某事help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)干某事cant help to do 不能帮助干某事cant help doing 禁不住干某事cant help but do 只得，不得不help oneself to 随便吃/用 即学即练8(1)I
9、s there anything I can do to _？我能帮上忙吗？(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didnt know how I could _.他显然遇到了麻烦，但我不知道应怎样帮他。help out/help him out (3)Can you _ the maths problem？你能帮我解决这道数学题吗？help me out with1.abandon/desert/give up(1)abandon指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。(2)desert强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责，违背誓言，有责难之意。
10、另外，desert还有离弃某地方之意。(3)give up为常用词，常用于口语，与abandon同义。 应用1(1)I persuaded him to _ smoking.我说服他戒了烟。(2)She was _ by her husband.她被丈夫遗弃了。(3)Snow forced many drivers to _ their vehicles.大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。(4)The villages had been _.这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。give up/deserted/abandon/deserted3. flee/escape/run away三者都有“逃跑”的意思，
11、但有所侧重。(1)flee强调逃跑行为本身，含有逃走、消散的意思。(2)escape强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。(3)run away多用于口语，含有不辞而别的意思。 应用3(1)He _ from his home when he was very young.他很小时就离家出走了。(2)They _ from the burning building at last.他们最终从失火的房子里逃了出来。 (3)Why does she always _ any kind of responsibility？为什么她总是逃避责任？ran away/escaped/fleeX7U46adjus
12、t vi. & vt.调整；(使)适合7participate vi.参与；参加participation n参加，参与participant n参与者12donate vt.捐赠donation n捐赠donator n捐赠者14purchase vt. & n买；购买16click vi. & vt.(使)发出咔嗒声 n咔嗒声18distribute vt.分配；分发distribution n分布状态；分配，分布20operate vi.工作；运转vt.操作operation n手术，运转operator n操作人员2adjust vt.调整；调节 vi. 适应adjustable ad
13、j. 可调节的adjustment n. 调节；调整adjust sth. 整理/整顿/安排某物/某事adjust sth./oneself to sth. 使适应新环境等 即学即练2(1)She _ the seat _ the height of her child.她调节坐椅以适合她孩子的身高。(2)It took several seconds for his eyes to _ the dark.几秒钟以后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。Adjusted to/adjust to (3)You will quickly _ the student life.你很快就会适应学生生活的。adjus
14、t yourself to3participate vi. 参与；参加participation n. 参与participant n. 参加者；参与者participate in sth. 参与(某活动)participate in sth. with sb. 同某人参与某事 即学即练3(1)She actively _ politics.她积极参与政治活动。(2)All the _ in the debate will have an opportunity to speak.所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言。(3)Union leaders called for the active _ o
15、f all members in the day of protest.工会领袖们号召在抗议那天全体会员积极参加。participated in/participants/participation5donate vt. 捐赠；赠送donation n. 捐款，赠送，捐赠(物)donate sth. to sb./sth. 向捐赠某物donate sth. to do sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物make a donation to charity 向慈善事业捐赠collect donations (for) (为)募捐receive a donation 收到捐赠 即学即练5(1)He _
16、 a large sum _ relief organizations.他向救济组织捐了巨款。(2)_ is glorious.献血光荣。(3)The work of the charity is funded by _. 这家慈善机构工作所需要的资金是人们自愿捐赠的。Donated to/Donating blood/voluntary donations6distribute vt.分发，分配；散发，分布distribution n分发，分配，分布状态distributive adj.分发的，分配的，分布的distributor n分发者distribute sth. to/among s
17、b.向某人分发某物distribute sth. over.把撒在(涂在)上 即学即练6(1)Please _ these pictures _ the children.请把这些图片分给孩子们。(2)The head of the department _ the prizes _ the winners.系主任为优胜者发了奖。Distribute to/distributedamong (3)The army _ itself _ the whole area.这支军队分布在全区。Distributed over7operate v. 手术；运转；工作；操作，起作用operation n.
18、 手术；运转；操作operator n. 操作者；接线员operate a machine 操作/操纵机器operate a shop 开/经营商店operate on sb. 给某人动手术come into operation 起作用；开始生效put.into operation 实施perform an operation on sb. 为某人实施手术 即学即练7(1)This machine doesnt _.这台机器运转得不好。(2)He _ the boys leg.他给这个男孩的腿部做了手术。(3)They planned to _ a drinking club.他们计划经营一个
19、饮酒俱乐部。operate smoothly/operated on/operate8be dying to do sth. 迫切想要；渴望for sth. 渴望；迫切想要be anxious to do sth./for sth.be eager to do sth./for sth.long to do sth./for sth.be thirsty forbe keen to do sth.想要，渴望 即学即练8(1)Im _ what happened.我很想知道发生了什么事。(2)My daughter _ a piano.我女儿渴望得到一架钢琴。dying to know/is d
20、ying for1.participate/attend/join/join in/take part in(1)participate正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。(2)attend参加会议或学术活动等，侧重于到场，出席。(3)join普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等，侧重于“成为其中一员”。(4)join in指参加比赛或活动等，并且指加入已在进行的动作。(5)take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。 应用1(1)He _ the Party in 1980.他于1980年入党。(2)Would
21、you like to _ our chess match?你乐意加入我们的棋类比赛吗？(3)How many countries and regions _ the last Olympic Games?有多少国家和地区参加了上届奥运会？joined/join in/took part in (4)We want to encourage students to _ fully _ the running of the class.我们想鼓励学生参与班级管理工作。(5)He has an important meeting to _.他有个重要的会议要参加。Participate in/at
22、tendX7U55recommend vt.推荐；建议recommendation n推荐，介绍，劝告11acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢acknowledgement n承认12contradict vt.反驳；驳斥13occupy vt.占用；占领；占据occupation n占领，占据19govern vt. & vi.统治；支配；管理1recommend vt. 推荐；建议recommend sth. to sb.recommend sb. sth.向某人介绍某物，向某人推荐某物recommend sb. as/sth. for 推荐某人当/某事做recommend sb
23、. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend doing sth. 建议干某事recommend that 建议(从句中用“should动词原形”，should 可省略)It is/was recommended that. 有人建议(从句中用虚拟语气) 即学即练1(1)He strongly _ her _ our firm for the post.他极力推荐她到我们公司担任这一职务。(2)Doctors _ after supper.医生建议晚饭后散步。Recommended to/recommend taking a walk (3)I _ you _ her at on
24、ce.我建议你马上去看她。(4)It is recommended that the machine _ every year.建议每年把机器检修一次。Recommend to see/(should) be checked4acknowledge vt. 承认；确认；答谢acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事acknowledge sth. as/to be 认为某事acknowledge that. 承认 acknowledge ones letter 向某人表示信已收到in acknowledgement of sth.
25、 对某事表示感谢/承认It is universally acknowledged that. 是大家公认的。 即学即练4(1)He acknowledged _ _.(He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.)他承认犯了错误。(2)It is she who wants to _ you _ her daughter. 她想承认你是她的女儿。having made a mistake/acknowledge as (3)The shipping company _ of the goods to be shipped.航运公司表示所运货物已收到。
26、acknowledged the receipt5occupy vt. 占用；占领；占据occupancy n. 占用；使用occupation n. 侵占；占领；职业be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in可省略)be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事(用法同 busy)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事under occupation 在占领之下，占领中 即学即练5(1)The enemy _ the town.敌人占领了这个镇。(2)Writing _ most of my free
27、 time.写作占去了我大部分的空闲时间。(3)I _ myself _ writing a novel.我忙于写小说。Occupied/occupies/occupied in6keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去keep a close/careful watch on 密切注意/监视keep an eye on 留神照看keep away from (使)避开，不接近keep back 隐瞒不讲；留在后面，阻止keep down 限制；镇压keep from 隐瞒；使(自己或别人)不做某事keep in touch with 与保持联系keep off 使不接近，使避免keep
28、 on 继续，持续keep out 挡住，使进不去，不要进来keep up 保持(不低落)；保持良好状态keep up with 跟上，不落后 即学即练6(1)_！ Then you will succeed!坚持！你一定能成功！(2)They sang songs to _.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。(3)He _ a correspondence _ Tom.他和汤姆保持通信联系。Keep up/keep their spirits up/kept up with7fit in 相适合；相融合fit in with sb./sth. 与合得来；适应fit sb./sth. for sth. 使适合/胜任be fit to do sth./for sth. 适合做某事 即学即练7(1)I dont think hell _ the other people.我认为他不会与别人合得来。(2)His experience _ him perfectly _ the job/_ _ the job.他的经验使他完全胜任这项工作/适合干这个工作。fit in with/ fitted for to do (3)Your car _ be on the road.你的车子适合上路。Is fit to