1、 sacrifice n. 牺牲；献身；祭品(教材P16)Shakespeare wrote about such things as good and evil, love and hate, greed and sacrifice.莎士比亚写了很多像善良的和邪恶的、爱和恨、贪婪和牺牲的东西。He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.他为国牺牲了。A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess.向女神祭献了一头小牛。make a sacrifice 做出牺牲；亏本sacrifice
2、vt.牺牲；亏本出售；供奉sacrifice to sb. 对做出牺牲sacrifice for. 为而牺牲sacrifice sth.to sb. 牺牲某事物sacrificial adj. 牺牲的；祭祀的I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.我倾向于牺牲自己的爱好而成全集体利益。Well，madam, well make a sacrifice.好，太太，我们亏本卖给你好了。完成句子他愿意为和平做出任何牺牲。He was willing to make any _ for peace.为了孩子们的安全，舍弃她丈夫
3、的尊严不算什么。Her husbands pride was a small thing to _ for their childrens security.在古时候这种祭祀仪式已经戏剧化了。In ancient times, this kind of _ ceremony was already dramatized.【答案】sacrificesacrificesacrificial make a name 出名(教材P16)Quickly making a name for himself as both actor and dramatist, Shakespeare soon earn
4、ed enough money to buy his own theatre.莎士比亚很快作为演员和剧作家出名了，不久就赚了足够的钱买了自己的剧院。She first made a name for herself as an actress.她最初是以当演员而成名的。She wishes to make a name for herself.她想出名。make a name for oneselfmake ones name成名；出名put a name to sb./sth. 知道或记住in name only 表面上；名义上call ones names 骂人under the name
5、 of 用的名字Hes party leader in name only.他只是名义上的政党领袖。She came to New York and soon made her name as a fashion expert.她来到纽约并很快以时装专家出名。Its difficult to put a name to every new student in this class.记住班里每个新生的名字是很困难的。完成句子我以前听过那曲调，但说不出名字了。Ive heard that tune before but I cant _ it.她只是个挂名的律师； 她整天画画。She is a
6、lawyer _； she paints all day.他以音乐会的钢琴演奏家成名。He _ for himself as a concert pianist.【答案】put a name toin name onlymade a name allergic adj. 过敏的；非常讨厌的(教材P16)He was allergic to cat fur and started sneezing when she brought her pet into the room.他对猫毛过敏，当她把她的宠物带进房间他就开始打喷嚏。I like cats but unfortunately Im al
7、lergic to them.我很喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。You could see he was allergic to housework.你可以看出他很讨厌做家务。Are you allergic to any medications?你对什么药物过敏吗？完成句子他讨厌别人给他照相。He _ having his picture taken.她问我是否对什么过敏。She asked me if I _ anything.【答案】is allergic towas allergic to confirm vt. 确定(教材P16)Once the flight is confirme
8、d, you can pay for it.一旦航班确定了，你就能付钱了。He looked around to confirm that he was alone.他四处张望，要确定周围没人。Do you require a deposit to confirm a reservation? 确定预定的旅馆房间要不要付定金？confirm ones belief 坚定信念confirm that/whclause 确定It has been confirmed that.已经确定confirm sb.as/in sth. 批准；巩固(权力，地位等)confirmation n. 确认；证实c
9、onfirmed adj. 习惯的；根深蒂固的He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。The price is subject to our confirmation.价格经我们确认后有效。【提示】confirm的主语多为人，宾语可以是名词、代词或从句，也可以用as短语充当补足语。用confirm的正确形式填空Travel arrangements are subject to _ by State Tourist Organizations.Im a _ bachelor.T
10、he King _ that the election would be held on July 20th.【答案】confirmationconfirmedconfirmed vacant adj. 空的；空缺的(教材P16)The house had been vacant for a long time and so it was very dusty.房子已经空了很长时间了，因此满是灰尘。There are some vacant offices on the third floor.四楼有几间空着的办公室。vacant/empty/hollowvacant意思是“闲着的，无人占据的
11、”，着重指临时性的情况，如：vacant seat，vacant apartment，vacant position等。empty意思是“里面没有东西，一无所有”，具有“空无一物”的隐含意义，它可以用来描绘box，vessel，cupboard，bag，purse，room，house，street，stomach，head 等词。hollow意思是“空心的”、“中空的”、“空洞的”、“下陷的”，它常与tree，ball，cheeks，voice，sound，words，promise等词连用，由此可见，它既可用以指实物的“中空”，亦可指 words，promise，compliments的“
12、虚假”，用于后者场合是比喻意义。This trunk is empty of its contents.这只箱子空空如也。We have no vacant position here.我们这里没有空职。This is a hollow tree.这是一棵中空的树。选词填空：vacant，empty，hollowI dont like to hear his _ words.A _ seat was found in this compartment.At midnight even the busiest street is _【答案】hollowvacantempty状语一、状语的结构分类
13、可用作状语的有副词、形容词、名词、介词短语、数词、分词、从句等。1. 副词作状语，位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末。Naturally，we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.当然，我们期望旅馆的客人把房门锁上。The girl is remarkably beautiful.这个姑娘非常美丽。2. 形容词(短语)作状语To our relief, he came back，safe and sound.使我们感到宽慰的是，他安然无恙地回来了。Afraid of dogs, he dared not enter the gate.由于害怕狗，他
14、不敢进大门。3. 名词作状语We must serve the people heart and soul.我们必须全心全意为人民服务。4. 介词短语作状语For the moment hes out of work.他目前没有工作。At the end of the film, I was in tears.看到影片末尾时，我流泪了。5. 数词作状语She walked twenty miles yesterday.她昨天走了20英里路程。6. 不定式作状语He lives in the countryside to keep away from noise.为了避开噪音，他住在乡下。He
15、hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off.他匆忙赶到机场，结果发现飞机已经起飞了。7. 现在分词(短语)作状语Having finished the 100meter race, he was out of breath.百米赛跑结束后，他上气不接下气。8. 过去分词(短语)作状语Compared with many women, she was very fortunate.和许多女人相比，她是很幸运的。Given another five minutes, I can have your photos devel
16、oped.再给我五分钟，我就可以给你洗出照片来。9. 从句作状语状语从句的类型常见连接词时间状语从句when，while，as，since，before，after，as soon as，once，until/till，hardly.when，no sooner.than.，themoment(time，minute)地点状语从句where, wherever, anywhere，everywhere结果状语从句so/such that, so/such.that.原因状语从句because, since, as, now that条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as
17、，on condition that, once, in case让步状语从句though/although, even if/though，however(whatever, whenever.)，no matter how(what, when.) while, when目的状语从句so that, in order that方式状语从句as if/though, (just) as比较状语从句as/so.as, not so.as, the比较级.the比较级You cant go out unless you hand in your paper.不交试卷不准出考场。She looke
18、d so upset as if she had known the bad news.她看起来很难过，似乎知道了这个坏消息。二、状语的功能分类按照状语的用途，可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件等。1. 时间状语After taking down my name and address, he asked me a lot of questions.把我的名字和地址记下之后，他还问了我许多问题。2. 地点状语Sit where I can see you.坐在我能看见你的地方。3. 原因状语With all the rain, therell be a good crop.有那么多雨，收
19、成会很好。4. 结果状语She spoke so softly that I couldnt hear what she said.她说的声音很轻，我没能听到她说什么。5. 目的状语He raised his voice so that the audience could hear him clearly.他提高声音以便观众能听清楚。6. 条件状语Given more time, well finish the task.再给点时间，我们会完成任务。7. 让步状语They played football in spite of the rain.他们冒雨踢足球。8. 程度状语The lect
20、ure was very interesting.这次讲座很有趣。9. 方式状语She looked at him concernedly.她关切地看着他。10伴随状语I stood helplessly，not knowing what to do.我无助地站在那儿，不知如何是好。.完成句子1. 自从你离开这个城市发生了很大变化。Great changes have taken place_2既然你已长大了，就不应该再依靠你的父母了。_，you should not rely on your parents.3他开车太大意了，差点丧命。He drove so carelessly _4尽管我
21、失败了，但我不放弃。_，I would never give up.5什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友鼓励我。_，it is my friends who cheer me up.【答案】1.since you left the city2.Now that you have grown up3.that he almost lost his life4Failure as I was5.Whenever Im unhappy /No matter when Im unhappy.用所给动词的适当形式填空1. He got up early _ (catch) the early bus.2.
22、_(give) better attention, the flowers could grow even faster.3. _ (live) in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London.4. The meeting _ (be) over, we all drove home.5. Although _ (build) thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.6. _ (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up
23、 and accepted the prize.7. Time _ (permit), we can go fishing today.8. If _ (take) according to the instructions, the medicine works well.9. They did everything they could _ (save) the workers life.10. Henry has decided to go to the hospital to _ (examine) by the doctor.【答案】1.to catch2.Given3Having lived4.being5.built6.Surprised7permitting8.taken9.to save10.be examined
