1、生活常识和文化背景解答完形填空，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，能够根据主题猜测细节，体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。典例1 I said that I didnt know how to get back into town. In silence, he started driving. I ran back to my car and drove behind him. Finally
2、I rcognized a familiar street. As I turned to head home, the car disappeared. Then I _my driveway when the warning light for my gas tank turned on. A. pulled intoB. drove awayC. ran acrossD. fount out 影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的driveway的含义的理解，driveay指的是the hard area or road between your house and the street
3、，(美) (从建筑物、车库等通至道路的) 私用车道,车道( (英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pull into.正确答案为A.典例2 Salina Joe began to _ when she was one-year old. A. sayB. cryC. singD. talk 根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。 典例3 Every
4、 morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _A. check B. read C. keep D. sign 外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。 典例4 We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England. .
5、 But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing _ me.（07 全国卷II）. A. afterB. withC. around D. towards 从语篇提供的信息看，“我”来自英国。在英国开车要靠左行驶，那么可以推知作者来到西班牙后，行驶方向出了问题，以致于造成一系列的错误。如果了解此文化背景知识，对全文的把握就会更加准确。答案为D。 典例5 Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _. . A.
6、 accidents B. mistakes C. falls D.deaths 根据常识可知，骑自行车的人在 拐弯或停车前发出信号，自然是为了避免事 故，故A为最佳选项。典例6 I thought he was going to ask for my fathers _and call him. A. helpB. positionC. number D. job 考查文化常识和语境，句中后半句是and call him，依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，所以选C。典例7 We _ hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter. A. ordered B. m
7、ade C. arranged D. demanded 根据常识及语境，“在柜台旁”不是订快餐就是付款，在选项中只有order有“点餐”之意，所以选A.典例8 Family traditions were important in our house, and none was more appreciated than the perfect Christmas tree.- I was cooking when I heard the _ sounds as the boys carried the tree into the living room. A happy B. loud C.
8、 terrible D. violent 如果具备文化背景知识：在西方，圣诞树于圣诞节的意义，就不难选出A. 其实文段开头也交代了这一文化背景。典例9 After _ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. puttingC. plantingD. laying 根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为C. 记住才是硬
9、道理满分技巧 将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识、以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常是交织在一起的，因为虽有背景知识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。附：文化背景知识窗背景文化积累中西方文化差异1.词汇类busboy 餐馆勤杂工(不是公汽售票员) busybody 爱管闲事的人(不是大忙人)dry goods (美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是干货) heartman 做心脏移植手术的人(不是有心人)mad doctor 精神病科医生(不是发疯的医生) eleventh hour 最后时刻(不是十一点)blind date (由
10、第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非盲目约会或瞎约会)dead president 美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非死了的总统)personal remark 人身攻击(不是个人评论) sweet water 淡水(不是糖水)confidence man 骗子(不是信得过的人) criminal lawyer 刑事律师(不是犯罪的律师)service station 加油站 rest room 厕所(不是休息室)dressing room 化妆室(不是试衣室或更衣室) sporting house 妓院(不是体育室)horse sense 常识(不是马的感觉) capital idea 好主意(不是资
11、本主义思想)familiar talk 庸俗的交谈(不是熟悉的谈话) black tea 红茶(不是黑茶)black art 妖术(不是黑色艺术) black stranger 完全陌生的人(不是陌生的黑人)white coal (作动力来源用的)水 white man 忠实可靠的人(不是皮肤白的人)yellow book 黄皮书(法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封)(不是黄色书籍)red tape 官僚习气(不是红色带子) green hand 新手(不是绿手)blue stocking 女学者、女才子(不是蓝色长统袜) China policy 对华政策(不是中国政策)Chinese dragon
12、 麒麟(不是中国龙) American beauty 红蔷薇(不是美国美女)English disease 气管炎(不是英国病) Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年(不是印度的夏日)Greek gift 害人的礼品(不是希腊礼物) Spanish athlete 吹牛的人(不是西班牙运动员)French chalk 滑石粉(不是法国粉笔)2.成语类pull ones leg 开玩笑(不是拉后腿) in ones birthday suit 赤身裸体(不是穿着生日礼服)eat ones words 收回前言(不是吃话) an apple of love 西红柿(不是爱情之果)handwr
13、iting on the wall 不祥之兆(不是大字报)bring down the house 博得全场喝彩(不是推倒房子) have a fit 勃然大怒(不是试穿)make ones hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然-恐惧(不是令人发指-气愤)think agreat deal of oneself 高看或看重自己(不是为自己想得很多)pull up ones socks 鼓起勇气(不是提上袜子)have the heart to do (用于否定句)忍心做.。不是有心做或有意做)3.表达方式类Look out! 当心!(不是向外看) What a shame! 多可惜
14、!真遗憾!(不是多可耻)You dont say! 是吗!(不是你别说) You can say that again! 说得好!(不是你可以再说一遍)I havent slept better. 我睡得好极了。(不是我从未睡过好觉)You cant be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。(不是你工作不能太仔细)It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟4年了。(不是我抽烟4年了)All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。(不是他的朋友全没到)People will be long
15、 forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是人们会永远忘记她)He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。(不是他太高兴，不愿让他们走)It cant be less interesting. 它无聊极了。(不是它不可能没有趣)文化背景知识专练 （莫要以为简单而不在意，一点一滴都是生活积累!）1. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the _ areas like the desert. A. dry B. dist
16、antC. desertedD. wild 2. For those people, he is “Gloves” Greenberg. How did he get that _?A. job B. nameC. chanceD. message3. Panicking, she began to _.A. speak B. singC. sniffD. scream4. I was so _ that I slammed(砰地关上)the door and stepped out on the front porch. A. angry B. sorrowC. frightenedD. a
17、shamed 5. I _ my suitcase and sandwiches on the floor heavily and started for the door again. A. pressed B. shookC. threwD. pulled6. To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said. “ _ yourself new hamburgers.” A. Prepare B. BuyC. FindD. Cook7. What? A cat? The _ froze on his f
18、ace; his mouth fell wide open. A. blood B. smile C. tear D. sweat8. The moment I arrived in Paris, I was _ by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. Asponsored Bwitnessed Cgreeted D. supported9. As I pulled the bus over to _ a little girl, she handed me an erring saying I should keep
19、 it in case somebody claimed it. A. wave atB. drop off C. call onD. look for10. They provide an environment where you can practice under the _ of someone whos good at the language. A. controlB. commandC. guidance D. pressure11. However, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate wit
20、h a satisfied smile at the door of his home, he heard the _ of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. A. introduction B. discussionC. commentD. debate12. Then I had a physical problem and had to go to hospital for a thorough examination After I explained my situation to
21、her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to my _.A. appointmentB. apartmentC. directionD. station13. As I watched several people go by, get into their cars and go off, I noticed an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its _ and a basket rags and
22、 bottles on its back-carriage. A. backB. handleC. wheelD. Seat14. They _the newspaper announcements. Then they make lists of the sales they want to attend. Some use _to plan their trip. They want to get to as many sales as possible. Some professional _in old objects also go to yard sales. They may f
23、ind a valuable object for a small amount of money. Then they will _ it in their own _, usually at a much higher price. A. collectB. findC. readD. check. A. radiosB. mapsC. newspapersD. cars. A. buyersB. peopleC. dealersD. sellers. A. sellB. resellC. buyD. rebuy. A. houseB. yardC. homeD. store15. He
24、would just _the books in the outside return box. A. pass B. drop C. carry D. take16. I was really slow at taking the orders and making change. If someone gave me $5 for something that cost $3.25, I handed over _ quarters and said, “75 cents makes four dollars, plus one dollar makes five.” A. twoB. t
25、hreeC. fourD. five（2）I left my 7-year-old kid and my dog locked alone in our Jeep for about 10 minutes a few weeks ago. I 1 feel guilty about it.The drive-through at my bank was not in 2 . I turned around to the backseat, 3 my son, and said, Dude, stay put. 4 Lucy. I pulled down my passenger side fr
26、ont window a little for fresh 5 ,and locked them both in. They were always with my sight 6 the big double-glass doors. While I 7 at a red light on the way home, I looked in the rearview 8 and saw my beautiful boy and loyal pup sharing licks of a green lollipop (棒棒糖) from the bank. And it 9 me what i
27、f somebody stole my car or what if somebody 10 my child? Lucy was also seen as a human in my family, so I 11 them to be the most important and precious people in my life. Im never doing this again-even if I can see them while they wait 12 .19 states have 13 against leaving kids alone in a car, but I
28、 know Im not the 14 parent who has done so, to complete an errand(差事). Out of 60 people I 15 in an unofficial Facebook poll, 46 16 that they had done this. One commenter left her 6-year-old infant in a locked car while she ran into the 17 to grab milk. Another mom, Melissa, sent me a private Faceboo
29、k message 18 if her baby was sleeping in the car seat, she would lock her in the car and run to the pick-up elementary line to grab her 19 daughter. Two friends even admitted to leaving babies as young as 3 months old alone while they napped in the backseat in a car. We should never do that again, o
30、r wed put our children in danger. Itll be too 20 then.1. A. rarely B. sometimesC. neverD. still2. A. sight B. place C. service D. danger3. A. leavingB. facingC. frighteningD. criticizing4. A. Take care ofB. Look forward toC. Think highly of D. Make use of5. A. waterB. fruitC. airD. food6. A. nearB.
31、underC. onD. through 7. A. staredB. appearedC. stoppedD. crossed 8. A. device B. MirrorC. doorD. window9. A. excited B. hitC. encouragedD. assured10. A. hurtB. amusedC. touchedD. kissed11. A. adviseB. orderC. considerD. hope12. A. silentlyB. sadlyC. patientlyD. alone13. A. opinionsB. wordsC. lawsD.
32、suggestions14. A. responsible B. onlyC. happyD. unlucky15. A. askedB. metC. toldD. discovered16. A. meantB. wishedC. admittedD. lied17. A. parB. schoolC. hospitalD. store18. A. explainingB. suggesting C. denyingD. thinking19. A. youngerB. olderC. shorterD. prettier20. A. fortunateB. naturalC. strang
33、e D. late(3)Do you ever just wonder to yourself. who am I? Up until about 3 years ago, l never really questioned my identity, l now I am far more aware of it. I have 2 a lot and it helps me meet people from different countries. Sometimes l11 3 really crazy things like I look so Asian, or I wonder wh
34、at Id look like with blonde(金黄色的） 4 . As for me, I guess 5 with Western parents and living in a fairly Western society has made me feel rather “ 6 . However, my mother thought that it was still 7 for me to stay connected to my 8 . What do I mean by that? Our family would go on various trips to 9 , s
35、ightseeing and learning more about the culture. I would 10 a Saturday Chinese language school and my mother would 11 me to dress up in a Chinese dress. The key word: encouraged. Not forced. And Im 12 that they did all that for me.I feel that it is very important for parents to expose their adopted c
36、hildren to their native 13 and heritage at the young age. Opening up this chance to 14 and connect with their origins and cultures is a huge part in forming and 15 the childs identity. Additionally, having friends who have been 16 the similar situations is very important. Forming the same kind of fr
37、iendships at the 17 ages allows them to develop and become 18 with other kids just like them. For me, I really 19 friends at a young age who went through the similar things like me. Honestly, I am 20 friends with all of them- these kinds of friends will be life-long ones.1. A. andB. whetherC. thus D
38、. but2. A. ridden B. jumpedC. traveled D. walked 3. A. invent B. sayC. controlD. protect 4. A. fingersB. hairC. eyesD. skin5. A. growing upB. catching upC. getting alongD. putting up6. A. African B. EasternC. WesternD. Asian7. A. ridiculousB. embarrassingC. shockingD. significant8. A. classmatesB. b
39、rothersC. parents D. roots9. A. GermanyB. China C. FranceD. America10. A. attendB. avoidC. cancelD. predict11. A. orderB. forbidC. encourageD: force12. A. jealousB. surprisedC. disappointedD. grateful13. A. challengeB. cultureC. record D. assignment14. A. translateB. removeC. understand D. imagine15
40、. A. replacingB. choosingC. describingD. shaping16. A. withoutB. in C. nearD. against17. A. oldB. middleC. earlyD. regular18. A. comfortable B. angryC. strictD. bored19. A. madeB. abandonedC. investigatedD. lost20. A. seldomB. sometimesC. neverD. still完形填空总攻略随堂练答案(1) 1-5ABDAC 6-10BBCBC 11-13.BAB 14.ABCAB 15-16BB(2) 1-5 DCBAC 6-10 DCBBA 11-15 CDCBA 16-20 CDABD(3) 1-5DCBBA 6-10CDDBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20BCAAD
