1、第二册Unit 10 Frightening natureI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1frighten 2terrifying/terrified 3eruption 4muddy 5encourage 6arrive 7Immediate高考须掌握的短语：1on 2draw 3at 4down 5on 6about 7of 8through 9though/if考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1urge vt催促；力劝；强烈要求 n迫切欲望；强烈要求eg： They urged me to eat the strange f
2、ood他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。 she urged that I(should)apoIogize to him她要求我向他道歉。 It was urged that he(should)be punished有人极力主张他应受到惩罚。用法拓展：urge sbto do sth催促某人干某事 urge that(should)do要求某人干 It is urged thht(should)do要求某人干特别提醒：urge后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词形式是should+ do，should可省略。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题when my old friend Bria
3、n me to accept a cigarette，it was more than I Could bear Ainvited Burged Cpersuaded Dagreed 考题1-2 They urged that the library open during the vacation. A. was kept B. would be kept C. is kept D. be kept考题11点拨：答案为B。考查urge s bto do sth“怂恿某人干某事”；invited可以说成invited me to have a cigarette；persuade sbto h
4、ave a cigarette与后面“It was more than I could bear”不符；agree不跟复合宾语。句意为：“当我的老朋友布赖恩要我接受一支香烟时，我实在是忍受不了。” 考题12点拨：答案为D。urge that后的从句甩虚拟语气should+do，should可省略句意为：“他们要求图书馆在假期对外开放。”2nee vt&vi逃走，逃避，消失，飞逝eg：Time fled past时间飞逝。 He was lucky to flee the burning hote1他很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。 He fIed from the mad dog他逃离那条疯狗。用法
5、拓展：fIee from逃离 flee to逃到 fIee+地点逃离某地特别提醒；flee与from连用表示“逃离”，相当于escape from；flee也可用作及物动词，接地点作宾语。考题2 (典型例题When the war broke out in lraq, thousands of Iraqis their homeland and Wandered about. A. escaped B. fled C. left for D. returned考题2点拨答案为B。escape后接from，flee后可以接from或直接接地点作宾语。句意为：“当伊拉克爆发战争时，成千上万伊拉克人
6、选离家国，四处漂泊。” 3sight n视力，视野，视觉 eg：John enjoyed seeing the sights of the west Lake约翰很喜欢观赏西湖风景。 She lost her sight in an Rccident她在一次事故中失明了。 The sunset is a beautiful inght日落是很美的景象。用法拓展：have Iong/far sight远视 have short/near sight 近视 have good/poor sight视力好/差 within/in sight 看得见out of sight看不见 at the sig
7、ht of一看见 catch sight of看见 at first sight乍一看，第一跟 0ut of sight，out of mind眼不见，心不烦。特别提醒：sight当“风景”讲时，通常用复数形式。 考题 (典型例题)He couldnt bear the of children begging in the streets. A. thought B. spot C. hope D. sight考题3点拨，答案为D。cant bear the sight of一不能忍受看见。句意为：“他不能忍受看见小孩子在街上乞讨。”二、重点短语4at hand近在手边；在附近；即将到来eg：
8、 I always keep a dictionary at hand我经常把字典放在手边。 Christmas is at hand圣诞节要到了。 I want you to be at hand during my interview with the police 在我与警察谈话时，我要你在附近。特别提醒：at hand表示“在附近，在手边，即将到来”；in hand强调“在行进，在控制中”by hand表示“用手工(而非用机器)”，with hand用手”。考题4( 典型例题 分 ) -Will you borrow me. some money? Ill have my new ho
9、use paint-ed. -Sorry, I have no money A. at hand B. by hand C. with hand D. under hand考题4点拨：答案为A。考查at hand“在手边”。句意为：“你能借我点钱用吗?我要粉刷新房子。很抱欺我手头上没钱。”5knock about/around接连打击，冲击，漫游，闲逛eg： They say he often knocks his children about他们说他常打他的孩子。 He knocked about in Europe for a few months他在欧洲漫游了几个月。 When he w
10、as a childhe used to knock about the market他小时候常在集市上闲逛。用法拓展：knock down击倒，撞倒，拆除knock off减价；打掉，碰掉；停工，中断 knock out击昏、灌醉；使极为震惊；淘汰knock over撞倒，打翻特别提醒：knoek about当“闲逛，漫游”讲时为不及物动词短语；当“殴打，狠打”讲时为及物动词。考题5 (典型例题分)After gradua-tion from college, Joe for a year seeing the country before he went to work in his fa
11、thers business. A. knocked about B. knocked over C. knocked down D. knocked off考题5点拨：答案为A。此题考查knock about“闲逛，漫游”，其他三项均不合题意。句意为；“乔大学毕业后，在国内游历了一年才去他爸爸的公司上班。”三、重点交际用语6shes scared to deathIm frightened to death by她被吓得要死。我也被吓得半死eg： When the Rirl saw the snake，shes nearly scared to death 当那个女孩看到蛇时，她几乎吓死过去
12、。 When the old man saw the thief with a gun in his hand，he was frightened to death当这位老人看到小偷手里拿着枪时，他被吓坏了。用法拓展：be finghtened to death被吓得要死 be scared to death被吓得要死 be beaten to death被打死 be sentenced to death被判死刑put to death置于死地 be sick to death病危特别提醒：death为名词，die为动词，dead为形容词，deadly为形容词“致命的”，dying为现在分词，
13、be dying“快要死了”。考题6(典型例题)The girl to death when she heard the gun shot. A. frightens B. frightened C. was frightened D. was frightening考题6点拨：答案为C。考查be frightened to death被吓得要死”。句意为：“当这女孩听到枪声时，她被吓坏了。”四、重点句型7upon/on+n/doing一就eg： On my arrival in Shanghai，I went to see him我一到上海就去看他。 on hearing the news，
14、he rushed out一听到这个消息，他就冲了出去。 Upon his return。we told him the news that his wife had died 他一回来，我们就告诉了他他妻子已死去的消息。用法拓展：on/upon+n/doing，相当于as Soom as引导的从句，表示“一就”。 表示“一就”句型还有the moment/the instant+从句 immediately/direetly/instantly+从句 No sooner had+主语+过去分词+than+从句 Hardly/Scarcely+had+主语+过去分词+when+从句 At th
15、e sight/thought of一看到/想到特别提醒：on/upon为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语表示“一就”。 考题7-1 (典型例题 分) hearing the earthquake would be on the way, we all fell into a panic. A. Af B. On C. In D. As soon考题7-2 (典型例题分 ) The woman rushed out she felt the house shaking. A. that B. immediately C, unless D. before 考题71点拨：答案为B。表示“一就”用on
16、/upon+n/doing，at后不接动名词as soon改为as soon as。句意为：“一 听到即将发生地震，大家一片恐慌。” 考题72点拨：答案为B。根据题意“这位妇女一感到房子摇晃，就跑了出去”。immediately表示“一就”。五、词语辨析8hitstrike，beat，knock 这四个词均有“打”的意思。hit指有力地“打击”或“敲打”，强调结果。即“打中”，“敲中”；strike为一般用语意义较多可表示“打、击、撞、咬”等意思指“打”时通常指突然或一次性的“击打”；beat侧重指连续性不停地“打”或“敲”；knock除了指“敲击”以外，还可以表示“撞击”。试比较： The
17、stone hit him on the head石头砸在他的头上。(强调“击中”不用strike) The father was so angry that he struck(一hit)the boy in the face父亲怒不可遏，打了孩子一个耳光。(不用beat) The clock has just struck ten时钟刚敲过十点。(此句中不能用hit，beat或knock) Strike iron while it is hot趁热打铁。 The snake struck him in the leg蛇在他腿上咬了一口。 The rain was beating(again
18、st)the window雨水不停地敲打着窗户。 The teacher beat the table with a ruler老师用尺子敲打着桌子。(用hit或strike则指击了一下) He knocked hard at the door他猛力敲门。(不用其他三个词) She almost knocked me down before she saw me她几乎把我撞倒才看到我。特别提醒：strike除当“打，击”讲时，还用于“打动，划火柴突然想到”之意；beat还用来表示“心脏跳动，击败(对方)”等意思；strike和hit还用于“(灾害、疾病)突然袭击”之意，两者可通用。考题8-1
19、(典型例题 分) After a years training, Im sure he will the target. A. hit B. strike C. beat D. knock考题8-2 ( 2094, 黄冈模拟, 1分 ) The younger of the two noblemen was by the little girls natural beauty. A. struck B. stuck C. beat D. hit考题81点拨:答案为A。“击中目标”应用hit，即hit the target。句意为；“经过一年的训练，我相信他一定会击中目标。”考题82点拨。答案为
20、A。根据题意：表示“打动，迷住”用strike，故选A。句意为：“两个贵族当中那个年轻一点的贵族被这小女弦的自然美打动了。” 语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余省略 本单元的语法重点是省略，在英语中，为了避免重复，句子中的某些部分经常省略，这样就给同学们理解增加了困难。在近几年的高考中，省略现象十分常见，为帮助同学们更好地掌握这部分语言现象，现将省略现象归纳如下：1并列句中某些相同成分的省略。 eg：2在when，whileIf,as If，though(although)。asuntilonce，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。 e
21、g： When(water is)pure，water is colorless liquid水纯净时，是无色的液体。 When(I am)in trouble I always turn to her for help我有困难时总是找她帮忙。 Errors，if any，should be corrected如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(if后省略了there are) Wood gives much smoke while(wood is)burning木头燃烧时,它冒出很多烟。 The letter is to be left here until(it is)called for这封信
22、留在这里待领。 Henry looked about as if_(he were)in search of something亨利环视四周，似乎在寻找什么。 She studies very hard though(she is)still rather weak她尽管体弱，但学习十分努力。 3当见到“when(if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast as，than等)+possible/necessary等”时，可理解为电间省略了it is(或it was)。 eg： Answer these questions，if(it is)pos
23、sible without referring to the book如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。 When(it is)necessary you can help us to do something 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。4在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whomwhichthat。 eg： That is the naughty boy(whom/that)we talked about last week 那就是我们上周议论的那个淘气的男孩。 5在direction，way，distance，time，times等后面所接的定语从句中常省略thatwhich，in
24、 which。 eg： The distance(which或that)light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers光每秒走的距离是30万公里。 6命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。 eg： Open the door!开门! Why not?为什么不? Why so?为什么这样? Anybody willing to go?谁愿意去啊?7用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句意，是高考的常考项目。 eg：一Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗? 一I th
25、ink so我想她行。/I think not(或I dont think so)我想她不行。 一Did you kriow anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗?- Not until you told me你告诉了我，才知道。 He has goneNo one knows where(he has gone) 他走了谁也不知道他去什么地方了。 Jenny knows what(is to be done)! 詹妮有办法! 8用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。 eg： You may go online if you like to(go online)
26、 你如果想上网就可以上网。 Nothing can stop the boy from playing computer games when he wants to(play)当这男孩想玩电脑游戏时，没有东西可阻止他玩。9在某些动词后含有宾语补语或主语补语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。 eg：They found the answer(to be)correct他们发现答案正确。This conclusion proved(to be)correct这个结论原来是正确的。10注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。 eg： have trouble(in)sleeping难以入睡
27、 spend ones evenings(in)reading novels把晚上的时间花费在看叫、说上 be busy(in)doing sth忙于做某事eg： They are(of)the same age他们年龄相同。 There is no use(in)explaining it to her any more 这件事再向她解释是无用的。 He is carrying out this experiment(in)the same way as I did yesterday他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的实验。 This beeper works well，but that one
28、 doesnt(work well)这个寻呼机工作正常，但那个不行。考题1 (典型例题分)-You should have thanked her before you left. -I meant , but when I was leaving, I couldnt find her any-where. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it考题2 (典型例题 分)One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and A. the other is white B. another whit
29、e C. the other white D. another is white考题3 (典型例题)-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. -Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me考题4 (典型例题分) He says he doesnt want to sign. Well, he A. is to B. does to C. is to go D. is to do 考题1点拨：答案为B。此题考查动词不定式的省略用法，是mean to
30、thank的省略形式。句意为；“你本来应该在你离开前向她致 谢。我原打算谢她，但当我要离开时，我到处都找不到她。”考题2点拨：答案为C。此题关键弄明白下句应是the other side of the board should be paintled white，故承前省略相同的成分。同时onethe other一指“两个中一个，另一个”。句意为：。这块木板的一面应刷成黄色，另一面刷成白色。” 考题3点拨：答案为D。根据句意why me为why do you ask me的省略形式。句意为：“苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。”为什么叫我?约翰坐在那儿无所事事。”考题4点拨：答案为A。此题he i
31、s to是承前he is to sign省略相同成分。句意为：“他说他不想签字。”他会签的。”IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：专题详解： 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由whose，where，when，thatas和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。复习重点：when引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。which引导非限制性定语从句(句子作先行词)和并列句的区别。as引导的定语从句“suchasthe sameas”以及和目的、结果状语从句的辨别。分隔式定语从句的识别。能够区别定语从句和同
32、位语从句。考题 Ill never forget the days _ _ I lived in the factory with the workers, is a great help to my article. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D, when: who考题点拨:答案为B。第一空后的分句中谓语动词是不及物动词live，其后不需要宾语只需要作状语的关系副词，故第一空用whent而第二个句子是时前面整个句子进行说明，因此用which。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试语法 (典型例题) -You hav
33、ent lost the tic ket, have you? - . I know its not easy to get another one at the mo-ment. A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid so1A 点拨：此题考查省略，I hope not是I hope that I havent lost the ticket的省略形式。回顾2 测试专题探究 (典型例题hat surprised me was not what he said but he said it. A. the way
34、B in the way that C. in the way D. the way which2A点拨此题考查the way后的定语从句的关系词，可用that，in which或省略。回顾3 测试语法 (典型例题)While watching televi-sion, A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings3C点拨：此题考查连词后面省略与主句相同的部分，故主语为we。回顾4 测试语法(典型例题-How about puttin
35、g some pictures into the report? - A picture is worth a thousand words. A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter.4B点拨Why not是常见的省略句型。VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：when，while，if，as though/as if，once等引导的省略句式 预测根据：when，while，Ifas though/as if，once等引导状语从句时，常省略跟主句相同的主语和系动词be，这是高考对省略这一部分的
36、一个常考点，在考情预测 年的高考题中将继续出现。 命题角度预测：此考点在单项选择或完形填空中都有可能出现，设题时呈现已经省略了主语和系动词be的情况要选择出正确答案，务必在逻辑上将主语和系动词be给补充进去，使其完整。 eg：Once started，the plan cant be stopped(一旦开始，这个计划就不能停止。)作出选择时，应理解为：Once(theplan is)started，it cant be stopped(一旦(这个计划)开始它就不能停止。)预测2：用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语 预测根据：不定式符号to可用于省略句中，用来表示前述动词(包括
37、谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。这是高考考查省略的又一个重点，在历年高考题中这一直是一个考查热点。 命题角度预测：对不定式符号to表示前述动词及其短语的考查，有可能会在听力测试或单项选择部分进行。考生应判断出to后所省略的内容，不可以部分省略。 eg：Tom wanted toplay computer games，but his mother told him not to(汤姆想要玩电脑游戏，但是他妈妈让他别玩。)应理解为：“not to(playcomputer games)”。预测3：辨析：hit，strike，beat，kDoek 预测根据：这四个单词都可表示“打击”，但使用的语境大相径
38、庭，尤其注意：hit可表示“击中”，strike可表示“时钟敲响；人留下深刻印象”，beat可表示“心脏的跳动，鸟扑打翅膀”，knock可表示“敲击，撞击”的用法。这几种场合的运用是高考对这四个单词的命题重点和热点。 命题角度预测：对hit。beatstrike，knock这几个词的考查可能会在单项选择或完形填空部分进行。考生应根据考题所提供的语言环境，熟知这四个动词所表示的意义，作出正确选择。预测4：on/upon+名词或动名词 预测根据：on/upon可表示“一就”，后常接动名词，接名词时受限制，常跟由动词转化而来的名词， eg：arrival，en trance等，这是高考考查介词用法的
39、一个重要布点。 命题角度预测：on/upon后接名词或动名词的用法，在高考的单项选择部分设题的可能性最大。题目设置时常与介词at同时出现，因为at也可表示“一就”，但at后接名词而on/upon后常接动名词，如果是由动词转化而来的名词，可用on/upon，其他一些普通名词，只能用at。 eg：At the news，we couldnt help jumping(一听到这个消息，我们就情不自禁地跳起来。)此句型中不可由on/upon代替at。预测5：话题预测 本单元的话题是“自然灾害”，具体涉及火山爆发、飓风、台风等。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕自然灾害这一中心话题而设计的。高考与之有关的话题可
40、能会在阅读理解部分出现，用说明文的方式呈现一篇文章，介绍火山爆发、飓风或台风的形成、发展及所带来的后果。这类文章相对来说难度较大，长、难句较多，考生备考时应了解有关信息，有助于理解文章所要表达的意义。二考题预测备考1测试考点 1 She he write a letter explaining why he didnt turn up at her birthday party. A. hoped B. urged C. expected D. supposed1B点拨：根据he write，知从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，只有B可以。备考2测试考点 2 He the country during
41、the war and never returned. A. fled B. would flee C. was fleeing D. had fled2A 点拨：根据and never returned判断为并列句，时态须一致。备考3测试考点 4 Help is never hand when I need it. A. in B. at C. on D. near 3B点拨：at hand在手边，在附近。 备考4测试考点 7 arriving the spot, the police taking pictures. A. On: got down to B. On: set out C.
42、 As; took up D. As; devoted themselves4A 点拨：on doing一就，get down to开始干，后接动名词作宾语。备考5测试考点 8 We were having lunch when the clock twelve. A. struck B. hit C. heat D. knocked5A点拨：表示“钟敲响”用strike。备考6测试考点6 Swveral children decided to explore a cave. They were to death when they sawa giant spider. A. sared; s
43、cared B. scaring; scaring C. scaring; scared D. scared; scaring6C 点拨：a scaring cave“一个吓人的山洞”，be scared to death“被吓吓”固定搭配。备考7测试语法 As far as I know, she is seldom, , absent from school. A. if ever B. if much C, if not D, if some7A点拨：if ever为if she has ever been absent的省略形式。备考8测试考点 5 He had nothing to do so he often with his friends. A. knocked about B. knocked down C. walked out D. picked out8A点拨：表示“闲逛”用knock about。 备考9测试语法 I wonder why you didnt do it as and its the third time you have done so. A. told you B. be told C. told to D. you told9c点拨：根据题意应是as you were told to，承前省略you were。
