1、书面表达常用词汇 高频形容词：贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
2、健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive 高频动词：提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optim
3、ize引起：cause = trigger = endanger解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate培养： develop = cultivate = foster = nurture激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur认为： think = assert = hold = claim = argue完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish=
4、 achieve保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 高频名词：影响：influence= impact危险：danger = perils =hazards污染：pollution = contamination人类：human beings= mankind = humane race老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = sen
5、ior citizens幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liabil
6、ity能力： ability = capacity = power = skill职业： job = career = employment = profession娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment孩子： children = offspring = descendant = kid 高频短语：充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for
7、 = spare no efforts for从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of一些： a few=a handful of=a fistful of=several=a couple of越来越：be increasingly + adj, be on
8、 the rise, the growing number of，an increasing number of越来越多的人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that许多问题：a host of/a multitude of problems引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb To the fact/danger适应新
9、的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change接触各种思想、经历：be exposed to new ideas/experience/problems接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功：achieve/accomplish success提出观点、建议：advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：make tremendous/pe
10、rsistent/sustained effort to do sth, take great pains to do影响学习、工作：interfere with studies/work产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on , have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of ones life剥夺机会/权利：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity采取旧的方式：substitute for/take the pla
11、ce of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the danger/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对很好的了解：have a
12、 better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on, provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth Into account(consideration), givr much thought to 品味人生、自由、青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in经历变化、困难、艰险：undergo/experience great change/hardshi
13、ps/experience表现出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习职业：pursue ones academic interest/professional career学习知识、技术：pursue/ acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的榜样：be held up as an good example交流经验、知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowl
14、edge发挥、起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学、缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识、经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立、追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard达到目标：achieve/accomplish/attain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险、困难：be confronted (faced) with/
15、in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express ones opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist ones sup
16、port/help 缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/owe the success/failure to对很重要：be indispensable Important/vital to施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on 重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/
17、concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会、信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争：complete against
18、/with sb for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct (carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福，满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：de
19、vote/dedicate oneself to a cause/career大不一样（没啥两样）：make much (little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/counts is改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习，实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查，执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit ones job/work/sc
20、hool参加考试竞争等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race 参加活动、讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想、态度、事件的形成：shape ones thinking/attitude进入大学、社会、家庭、劳力市场、职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream (hopes/w
21、ish/desire)减轻压力、紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术、能力：sharpen(increasing/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability加快、促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost/the developm
22、ent of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界、兴趣：broaden ones interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons有助于了解、发展、宣传、解决：contribute much/little/greatly to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/solving the problem有助于解决问题：go a lo
23、ng way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利、分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花费、浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth, put in hours doing sth利用机会、技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识、经验运用到：apply/put the theory
24、/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力、能力：develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability充满激情、渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for 好学校：a great high school, a good independent school高级课程：a special program
25、of studies, an advanced program of studies好学生：outstanding students, boys and girls of high ability, superior students 成绩优秀学生：high-achieving students, The students at the top of the class, A students 大多数美国人：most Americans ，The majority of Americans积累财富：make money and possess luxuries，amass wealth and
26、 possessions 想象：imagine, visualize 缺点：faults, defects, the weakness 问题：problems, question, troubles经济拮据：financial cares, financial pressures许多：many, Large numbers of, enormous，人：people, individuals失业：unemployment, jobless 高级经理：senior executive, top-level managers公司企业：companies, enterprises, ventures
27、能力：capacity, skill, ability 影响：affect, touch把我们带到：lead us, take us引起：arising from, brought about 天生：be born with, be endowed with特别的：something special, something super-normal永不屈服的精神：A never surrender attitude, an unrelenting drive to succeed伟人：become great, an uncompromising personality, great achie
28、v 迷住了：became fascinated with, became obsessed with思考研究：thinking about, working out 受特别保护：entitled to special consideration, grant them special protection, protected by special immunity无助：helplessness, defenseless, have put their lives in our hands无辜：innocence, blameless, threatened or offended no on
29、e 举例：example of,直觉：intuition, illustration of this six sense 损害：have a bad effect on, do great injury to, cause great damage to冲进：plunge, rush 回报：payoff, rewards 检查：checking, review 新的：new, changed, altered 灌输：instill, imbue孩子：children, offspring 问题：question, matter, problem 没有一刻联系不上：nevertemporaril
30、y unavailable, instantly accessible at all times每个人：even to strangers, to everyone 灌输思想：imbue sb with the notion, inculcates in sb the notion 虽然，但：Surebut, While it is true that, its equally true that了解：have a perspective on, are better for our understanding of, see the connections between things看的更
31、远：beyond the confines of our occupation, far removed from our own, see beyond our immediate needs 不知道：ignorance, no one knows, Little is know about 使：make, render 学习：learn adequate, acquire good 外国教师：The foreign research scholar, the visiting professor, the foreign professor, the newcomer, foreign f
32、aculty利用：take full advantage of, make use of 需要：is required, is called for 期望：the teachers expectations, the teacher knew he could do不辜负：to measure up to, to live up to没有：a lack of, an absence of话音：tone, voice传递：to communicate, be transmitted 收到：pick up, absorb信息：signals, messages积极反应：reacted positi
33、vely, performed accordingly 语言上优于：women perform better in all aspects of language usage; girls score higher than boys in reading and writing; Verbal superiority超过：excel at, are more adept at, outperform men, women outdo men 许多：a large portion of, a bounteous source of, many提供：provide, furnishes 热起来：
34、boomed, exploded in popularity 发泄：ventilating,outbursts of rage策略：strategies, technique 提供：provide, furnish the necessary resources 常用话题词及短语教育：engineer of the human souls 人类灵魂的工程师teaching methodology教学方法experimental 试验型adventurous 勇于尝试responsible and conscientious (本意: 对得起良心的)工作态度认真负责的loving and car
35、ing 爱心patient 耐心cultivate and inspire originality and creativity in students培养, 激励学生的原创精神和创造力impact 对生活的影响respect students 尊重学生人格value价值观moral道德观world perspective 世界观unconditional support 无条件支持familiarity 熟悉comfy and cozy 舒适, 温馨stand by me在我身边给我鼓励和支持lack of understanding 不理解naggy 唠叨 nag at somebodyg
36、eneration gap 代沟four generations living under one roof 四世同堂no privacy 没有隐私no peace and quiet 不得安宁over-availability of parents 爸妈无处不在absence of parents 爸妈从来不在criticism 批评孩子parenting tradition and style 家教传统和风格bossy 好管事的disciplinarian 纪律严明对于孩子方法简单粗暴的家长enforce curfew 宵禁(必须回家的时间)Youre grounded 不许出门My wa
37、y or the highway 要么听我的,要么滚出去Breadwinner 养家的人Cook 做饭common activity 共同事情family dinner 家里聚会吃饭road trip 开车出行discussion of life 谈生活不同风格家庭表达方式nuclear family 小家extended family 大家bi-racial family 国际家庭close-knit family 家庭关系紧密,观念强,常联系的家庭dysfunctional family 家庭功能不健全,问题多多家庭好家长的特点fashion sense/ fashionable/ tre
38、ndy 时尚 生活方式新Hands-off 放手Trusting 信任孩子Reserved 有所保留Role model 行为榜样,模范A good communicator 善于沟通sense of humor 幽默感contribution 贡献selflessness 无私make a difference 促成变化,促成改变scope of knowledge知识面spread knowledge传播知识lasting artistic works永恒的艺术作品abstruse深奥的break with old customs抛弃传统carry down from generation
39、 to generation代代相传advocate the new lifestyle倡导新的生活方式entertainment娱乐be different from 与不同direct experience直接经验echo共识satiate peoples psychological demands满足心理需求attach more importance to 更重视spiritual enhancement精神升华a mirror of 是的一面镜子determinant决定性因素eclipse使相形见绌contribute to 有助于a sense of cool and satis
40、faction一种惬意的感觉pastimes消遣方式nurture imagination培养想象力meditation沉思an essence of immortality永恒的精髓instructive有启发性的edification熏陶arouse ones curiosity about something引发某人对某事的好奇心enrich ones knowledge丰富某人知识value of knowledge知识的价值cultural differences文化差异性time is fleeting and art is long时光飞逝，艺术永恒adapt oneself t
41、o the development of使自己适应的发展scope of knowledge知识面narrow the gap between缩小了的鸿沟lighten the burden of减轻了的负担comprehensive knowledge广博的知识distance education远程教育enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段be attractive to somebody对具有吸引力eye-catching极好的、极快的eye-dazzling极好的、极快的fascinating极好的 appealing极好的multimedia teachin
42、g多媒体教学solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验vocational education职业教育down-to-earth切合实际的stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病enjoy equal rights享有平等权利receive education接受教育thought-provoking引人深思的enlightening予以人启迪的far-reaching深远的never-ending永不停息的perplexing令人困惑的overwhelming压倒一切的the cultural diversity文化的多元
43、性insightful富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的exchange experience交流经验undertake the due obligations承担责任offer a chance of education提供一种教育机会give a big push to the development of education给予教育极大的推动vocational guidance职业指导vocational training职业训练face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗 e
44、xam-oriented education应试教育knowledge-intensive知识密集型的education for all-round development全面发展教育have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到东西Develop Our Creative Mind培养我们创造性思维Fake Diplomas假文凭Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age拥抱知识经济时代Renew Knowledge革新知识People-oriented以人为本的compulsoryeducation义务教育keep s
45、kills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进widen ones knowledge拓展知识面enrich ones social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历enlarge ones view拓展知识面broaden ones horizons拓展知识面realize the value of life实现生命价值grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视improve cultural integr
46、ation and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力make contribution to society对社会做出贡献quality Education素质教育cross-cultural communication跨文化交流rote learning死记硬背concentrate ones attention on关注student-oriented education以学
47、生为主体的教育bias of culture文化偏见cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化system of education教育体制tap ones potential挖掘某人的潜能go astray误入歧途commit crimes犯罪Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire教育不是注满木桶水，而是点燃生命的火ambiguity歧义denotation字面意思connotation暗含意思impractical不切实际的intellectual de
48、velopment智力发展interaction交流thinking capacity思考能力universal language世界语linguistic studies语言学研究a means of communication一种交流工具mechanical translation机械翻译 untranslatable不宜翻译的develop linguistic skills培养语言技能verbal communication口头交流grammatical rules语法规则context语境core核心translation笔译interpretation口译a complex pro
49、gress一个复杂过程cream精华cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维obscure晦涩的readability朗朗上口an unrealistic dream一个不切实际的梦想comprehensive knowledge全面的知识communicate with others directly, and freely与他人直接自由交流face-to-face communication面对面交流stimulate ones interest激发了的兴趣artificial intelligence人工智能help children learn a foreig
50、n language in a more vivid and interactive way帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语miraculous令人惊叹的increase efficiency提高效率easy accessibility易于操作make astounding advances突飞猛进enrich the teaching and learning methods丰富了教学手段expertise专业知识flourishing繁荣兴旺的speedy communication快速的交流read between the lines读懂暗含的意思language acquisitio
51、n语言习得term术语implication含义be fully aware of充分意识到optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的drawback弊端precious gift宝贵的礼物linguist语言学家mission impossible不可能的任务社会person of the year 风云人物world-renown 世界闻名prestigious 声明远播的notorious 臭名昭著的(国外娱乐业尤其是面对年轻人的,越坏越流行)charity organization 慈善机构philanthropy 慈善事业trend-setting 带动潮流的high m
52、edia exposure 媒体曝光率lead a glamorous life 充满魅力的生活positive influence on young people对年轻人有正面影响privilege 享受特权award show/ fashion show 颁奖典礼/ 时装发布会personality highlight 人格亮点talent 才华prodigy 神童求职与就业routine 规律 重复的career 事业profession/ occupation 职业individual success个人成功work overtime加班laid off 下岗contribute to
53、/ make contribute to贡献balance between 平衡preoccupied with忙于promotions 升职under stress 承受压力job hopping 跳槽intense competition强烈竞争be replaced被淘汰benefits 福利head hunter猎头human resource 人力资源meaning in life 生命的意义self-worth 自我价值being in a team 在团队中learn from your boss 跟老板学习become fast friend with your colleag
54、ues 和同事交朋友contribute to social progress and stability 为社会进步和稳定做贡献become an able, worthy and useful person 成为有能力, 有价值,有用之人a bread-winning process赚钱过程mental satisfaction 精神满足感be born出生start school入学immigrate 移民graduate毕业learn to drive学习开车join the army参军get a job就业become a citizen成为公民rent an apartment租
55、公寓go to college 上大学fall in love恋爱get married 结婚have a baby 生孩子travel旅游buy a house买房子move搬家have a grandchild获得孙子/孙女die死亡milestone里程碑turning point 转折点memorable 印象深刻an eye-opening experience/ an eye opener 打开眼界的事情take seriously 认真做put all my effort in 全力以赴干impressed 印象深刻inspired 受激励realize the importan
56、ce of 意识到 的重要性jump up for job快乐的跳起来have the time of my life 玩的非常快乐shocked 惊呆了in a daze 呆celebrate 庆祝birth certificate 出生证diploma 文凭degree学位resident alien card居留卡drivers license 驾照social security card社会保险卡certificate of naturalization 入籍证明marriage license 结婚证passport and visa护照/签证recall 回忆deep impres
57、sion印象深刻effect on me对我的影响think it over反复思考stay in my mind留在我的心里工作:Full-time, part-time, white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer,收入: income, earnings, wages, salary,职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, fascinating令人着迷的Steady稳定的provide many opportunities for提供各种。的机会,give me a sense of
58、satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感,apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中,put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分,improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, improve my independence独立能力,well-fare福利benefit future development将来的发展,不好:demanding难做的,stressful有压力的,tiring累人的, exha
59、usting令人筋疲力尽的,boring无聊的,routine work常规工作,repetitive重复性的,work overtime/extra hours加班workaholic工作狂,repetitive strain injuries职业病,adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件,freelancer自由职业self-employedPersonnel, human resources 人力资源学校:nursery托儿所kindergarten幼儿园primary school/elementary school小学,secondary school中学教育higher
60、 education高等教育further education进修教育: parenting, schooling,enroll 入学admit 招收，录取Parents are obliged to do父母有责任、义务去做。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育minors 未成年人immature 不成熟的学习的好处learn skills学习技能acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识,widen horizon开阔视野,inspire interest激发兴趣,stimulate interest激发兴趣,cultiv
61、ate v 培养 hobbiesdevelop potentialsconduce to mental developmentlay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础学习上的问题:lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力,test-oriented education应试型教育,quality education 素质教育cram for examinations突击考试,stuff 塞 materialsmemorise背, memorisation,rote learning死记硬背Test-taking t
62、echniques应试技巧坏处：discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维students stop questioning what they are being taught学生们不去质问他们学习的东西conduce to academic performance有助学习表现Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。产生负面影响Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences ones academic performanc
63、eCreativity 创造性Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价Lower/raise the standard of降低了。的水平饮食与体育锻炼healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式sedentary lifestyle久坐的,an active lifestyle积极锻炼的,excessive intake of吃过多的。fast food快餐convenience food方便食品diabetes, diarrhea, respiratory disease,nutrition营养balanced diet均衡的饮食p
64、rotein蛋白质,vitamin维生素,fibre纤维mineral矿物质,incurable disease绝症depression抑郁症obesity肥胖症stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病therapy （非药物）治疗treatment 治疗Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stressaerobic exercises有氧运动vigorous有活力的energetic经历充沛的refreshing提神的refresh your mind and body 提神train your muscle肌肉improve blood circulat
65、ion血液循环increase flexibility提高灵活性drain 排出cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神conduce to physical fitness身体健康hallmark标志create topics of discussion制造交谈话题critical thinking批判性思维powerful means of communication有力的交流工具main cause主因tempting有诱惑力的reliable可靠的family attachment家
66、庭归属感mutual understanding相互了解alienation of affection感情疏远be sick of 对厌倦generation gap代沟exchanges of feelings感情交流emotional bond感情纽带strengthen family ties加强家庭纽带关系be detached from reality与现实隔绝distinguish right from wrong明辨是非 scientific invention科学发明exert a far-reaching impact on对产生一种深远的影响double-edged swo
67、rd双刃剑airplane飞机pave the way for the future development为未来的发展铺平道路lay a solid foundation for为打下良好的基础社会交往求职in all walks of life在各行各业 ambitious雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的adaptability适应性adapt oneself to 使自己适应prosperity繁荣be disadvantageous to 对不利flow of personnel人才流动mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制survival of the fittes
68、t适者生存a sense of accomplishment成就感potentiality潜能learn to cooperate and compromise学习合作和妥协be deeply impressed with 对印象很深company philosophy企业文化flexibility灵活性competitive竞争激烈的arena舞台team-work spirit团队合作精神treasure opportunity珍惜机会a fat salary收入颇丰a harmonious interpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系a sense of respo
69、nsibility责任感material gains物质待遇promising future光明的前途bright prospect光明的前景a challenging job一份具有挑战性的工作turning point转折点be closely related to 与息息相关get advanced in the society出人头地a decent job一份体面的工作chance of promotion升迁机会 stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新expand ones
70、 horizon开阔视野balance work and life平衡工作和生活from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族shoulder/undertake ones responsibility承担起自己的责任upgrade oneself提升自我a well-paid job高收入工作creative work创造性工作stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战realize the value of life实现人生价值enrich ones social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历cultivate ones independence
71、and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性seek for personal development追求个人发展display ones talent展示才能a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感promotion opportunity提升机会meet ones personalized needs满足某人个性化需求define ones role确定自己的角色social recognition社会认可accumulate experience获取经验inspiring鼓舞人心的motivation动机workaholic工作狂working enviro
72、nment工作环境work overtime加班improve ones capabilities提高某人能力develop ones talents培养才智ideal workplace理想工作场所master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能 urbanization城市化centralization集中化imbalance不平衡in the long run从长远角度而言infrastructure基础设施booming繁荣发展的tertiary industry第三产业tranquility宁静revenue税收commercialization商业化自然社会问
73、题traffic congestion交通拥挤water scarcity水短缺the environmental pollution环境污染over-industrialization过度工业化over-crowdedness过度拥挤unemployment失业wealth distribution财富分配social instability社会动荡urban construction城市建设population explosion人口激增a rising crime rate犯罪率上升drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗offer more job op
74、portunities提供更多的就业机会a rapid pace of life快节奏生活stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病high cost of living高额生活费用pastoral life田园生活class polarization阶级两极分化social welfare社会福利give special care to 给予特殊关照urban sprawl城市扩张convenient transportation means便捷的交通工具better medical services更好的医疗服务pressure of modern life in c
75、ity城市生活压力 be vulnerable to 易于患上melting pot熔炉on the brink of 处于边缘pollutant污染性物质waste disposal废物处理put the blame on 归咎于be attributable to 归因为ways of consumption消费方式suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失citizen居民be confronted with面临着breed crimes滋生犯罪vicious cycle恶性循环a feasible measure一种可行的措施give priority to 优先考虑city
76、planners城市规划者endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全save resource节省资源speed up加速relieve the pressure of缓解的压力advocate the management of resources倡导资源管理benefit from从中受益put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议交通方式means of public transporttraffic conditions are worsening=deteriorating交通状况恶化traffic re
77、gulations=codes交通规则obey遵守violat=break违背traffic congestions=traffic jamsheavy traffic拥挤的交通light traffic比较畅通的交通,crowded street拥挤的道路vehicle车辆adopt effective transport strategies采取有效的交通策略relieve the pressure on traffic减轻交通方面的压力encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交carpool拼车build more cycle l
78、anes 自行车道,encourage Park and Ride 停车换乘raise fuel price 提高油价impose=put higher tax 征收高额的税subsidise=fund public transport 补贴公交city council市政府role in easing traffic 在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色participate in the reconstruction of the city参与城市重建raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平create a pleasant ecologi
79、cal environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境give priority to优先关注catch much attention引起很大关注resource allocation资源配置perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆implement strict vehicle emission standards制定严格的汽车排放标准reduce waste减少浪费eliminate poverty and backwardness消除贫穷与落后 p
80、revent and control pollution预防和控制污染reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强水土保护keep ecological balance维护生态平衡adopt environmental protection technique采取环保技术create a healthy cultural environment创造出一种更加健康的文化氛围strengthen the regulation and monitoring加强监督和管理enhance the governmental intrusion加大政府干预性措
81、施promote legislative regulations促进立法管理establish and perfect the social security system建立和完善社会的安全体系give special care to给某人或某物特别的关照Map out (work out) a blueprint of 制定出的发展蓝图impose some restrictions on对实施限制Increase the inputs in 加大对的投入arouse peoples awareness of唤醒人们的意识take some preventive (remedial) me
82、asures采取一些预防（补救）措施enforce on-the-spot penalties采取立即惩罚性措施play the role of media充分的发挥媒体的作用take proper guidance and support采取恰当的引导和支持impose heavier penalty on对实施严格的惩罚set down effective laws制定积极有效的法律urban planning 城市规划Result in shortage of energy and natural resources导致了能源和自然资源的短缺Break the ecological ba
83、lance破坏了生态的平衡Be harmful to our physical and mental health对我们的身心健康有害Contaminate the environment污染环境promote the sustainable development of the city促进城市的可持续性发展Greenhouse effect温室效应strengthen pollution control加强污染控制popularize environmental protection knowledge普及环保知识Burning迫在眉睫的energy crisis能源危机depletion
84、 of resources能源消耗milestone里程碑sophisticated equipment尖端设备technical innovation科技创新expediency权宜之计antithetical与背道而驰的over-commercialized过渡商业化的a heated discussion热烈的讨论exhaust gas废气disastrous灾难性的overshadow使相形见绌compared to/with与相比usher in引领speedy and comfortable既快捷又舒适opposite forces负面影响a fatal breakdown致命故障
85、potential hazards潜在危险pose a threat to对有一种威胁promote relative industries促进相关产业发展accelerate加速means of transportation交通方式transportation tools交通工具social status社会地位environmentally-friendly resources环保的能源make peoples life easier使人们生活更方便alternative fuel可替代燃料sustainable development可持续性发展scientific exploratio
86、n科学探索air travel航空旅行ridiculous可笑的absurd荒唐的substitute取代overcome difficulties克服困难make progress取得进步a sense of national pride民族自豪感unprecedented前所未有的soaring不断上升的give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展aggravate使恶化optimize优化cure-all solution万能良药jeopardize= damage
87、危害be responsible for ones own profit and loss 自负盈亏be honest in performing ones official duties 廉洁奉公beeper BP机behind-the-scene maneuvering 幕后操纵benefit concert 义演音乐会best supporting actress award 最佳女配角bid up price 哄抬物价big gun 有势力的人，名人big lie 大骗局bistro 夜总会black box 测谎器black market price 黑市价blanket ballo
88、t 全面选举blast 爆炸 be abducted by受诱导purify ones soul净化心灵live in virtual would生活在一个虚拟世界中be a great comfort to somebody对来说是一个巨大安慰 meet different tastes满足不同口味 provide somebody with something给提供follow the fashion blindly盲目追逐时尚commit crimes犯罪be inconceivable to somebody对来说是难以想象的impressive给人印象深刻的right to know
89、知情权in the disguise of 打着的幌子endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全information era信息时代keep one informed about something使人们了解audience/viewers观众have unhealthy and harmful effects on对有不良影响information-explosion society信息爆炸的社会influential有影响的revolutionize the way we acquire information彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式b
90、lessing福curse祸various thrilling programs各种各样激动人心的节目poor-quality programs低质量节目ever-accelerated不断发展的exaggerate夸张enjoyable令人享受的fashionable时尚的electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射psychological illnesses心理疾病isolated孤僻的unimaginative缺乏想象力的unsociable不好社交的deprive somebody of ones imagination and creativity使丧失了想象力和创造
91、力jeopardize ones health危害健康be exposed to了解到接触到find its way into every family进入千家万户global village地球村be indulged in沉溺于be addicted to 对上瘾be fascinated by 被所吸引be dependent on 依赖second-hand information二手信息go astray误入歧途embark on the criminal road走上犯罪道路irresistible无法抵制的automobile industry汽车工业 boost the eco
92、nomic development促进经济发展levy the tax征税modernization现代化be viewed as 被视为是be concerned about 对担忧/关注pollution-free fuel无污染燃料luxury奢侈品chronic lead poisoning慢性铅中毒fill with 使充斥着popularization of cars汽车普及lay more emphasis on把重心放在observe traffic regulations遵守交通规则break traffic regulations违反交通规则get struck in tr
93、affic遇上堵车rush hour上下班高峰时间ease the traffic pressure缓解交通压力pedestrian行人pavement人行道zebra crossing斑马线overspeed超速行驶bottleneck交通堵塞地区settle down effective laws制定出积极有效的法律impose restrictions on 对实施限制short-sighted目光短浅的non-renewable resources不可再生资源carbon dioxide二氧化碳a pillar industry支柱产业make full use of 充分利用road
94、 networks公路网speed limits限速enhance the quality of life提高生活质量pay a heavy price付出惨痛的代价promote the development of relative industries促进相关产业发展traffic engineering交通运输工程the number of car ownership汽车拥有量call for 需要overcrowded过度拥挤的violator违规者headache令人头痛的事traffic accidents交通事故head-way进展conflict with 与相冲突major
95、 cause主要原因be replaced by 被所取代provide convenience for 为提供便利curb限制dilemma进退两难encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事energy-saving节能的marketable products畅销产品potential market潜在市场in view of考虑到be tempted into an unhealthy lifestyle从而过上一种不健康的生活方式jump into our sight映入眼帘fake and exaggerated information虚假信息
96、be deceptive and misleading具有欺骗性和误导性high-tech products高科技产品perfect services完善服务环保:environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v保护，保存污染：Pollute= contaminate, 污染（动词）pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染（名词）垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (la
97、ndfill垃圾场),dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v 不鼓励燃料non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v取代(wind power,
98、hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v 用光，耗尽conserve v 节省，节约,consume less v 少消耗危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj灭绝 (die out, disappear动词),animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,natur
99、al reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on对。有灾难性的影响危害植物:vegetation植被deforestation森林消失,landslide山体滑坡,危害环境:carbon dioxide二氧化碳,acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖ecolog
100、ical system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v 过滤)arouse peoples awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识人类文明文化 cultural diversity文化多元化flourishing繁荣昌盛的cultural treasures文化宝藏cross-cultural communication跨文化交流cultural reconstruction文化重建spiritual civilization精神文明her
101、itage遗产achievements of art艺术成就tear down拆除humane historical sites人文历史遗址preserve the cultural relics保护文化遗产blueprint蓝图skyscraper摩天大楼high-rise office buildings高层写字楼city construction城市建设well-structured结构良好的crystallization结晶visual enjoyment视觉享受driving force驱动力reconstruct 重建destruct 破坏architectural industr
102、y建筑工业map out制定出city designing城市设计beautify our life美化我们的生活human civilization人类文明cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化cultural traditions文化传统national pride民族自豪local customs and practices风土人情attract peoples eyes吸引人们的眼球artistic taste艺术品味cornerstone基石be closely interrelated with与有密切关系adhere to the
103、tradition坚持传统architectural vandalism破坏建筑行为carry forward 弘扬cultural needs文化需求reputation声望maintain the world peace维护世界和平artistic reflection艺术反映give publicity to宣传burden负担cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失national identity and value民族特性和价值观 remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解symbol象征artistic standards艺术水准enjoy great popularity广受欢迎cultural devolution文化退化cultural insights文化视角learn about the would了解世界a thrilling experience一种令人激动的经历abstract抽象的concrete具体的move somebody to tears使感动落泪get relaxed and entertained得到放松和娱乐venue场所has its value有其自己价值inspiration灵感
