1、03 语法专项突破第1讲 构词法与比较等级深化认知一、派生法1名词后缀(1)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrectcorrection 改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会attractattraction 吸引discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论graduategraduation 毕业concludeconclusion 结论；结束decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释expectexpecta
2、tion 期望-er/-ordrivedriver 司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 播音员conductconductor 指挥；售票员directdirector 导演-mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府-ance/-enceappearappearance 出现；外貌guideguidan
3、ce 指引；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅-inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始-ure/-turefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物-yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendenc
4、y 趋向；趋势(2)形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshortshortage 不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密-domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧-cedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默-nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意-thstrongstrength 力气；强项
5、warmwarmth 温暖；热情-y/-ty/-ityhonesthonesty 诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任2.形容词、副词后缀(1)动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的-almusicmusical
6、 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centrecentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的-fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的-edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊奇的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysa
7、tisfying 令人满意的-ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的-iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的-sometiretiresome
8、 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的-ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的-erneasteastern 东方的；向东的-ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的(2)形容词变副词的后缀直接加-ly slowslowly 缓慢地改 y 为-ilyhappyhappily 高兴地去 e 加-ly truetruly 真诚地；确实3形容词、名词变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀en-ableenable 使能够largeenlarg
9、e 扩大richenrich 使充实后缀-enbroadbroaden(使)变宽riperipen(使)成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐widewiden 加宽-ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化-izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调4.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀dis-agreedisagree 不同意advantagedisadvantage 缺点il-legalillegal 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的im-polite
10、impolite 无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的in-formalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的ir-regularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的mis-leadmislead 误导understandmisunderstand 误解un-usualunusual 不寻常的willingunwilling 不愿意的后缀-lesshopehopeless 绝望的endendless 没完没了的二、转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。动词名词
11、lookhave a look 看一看surveymake a survey 调查walktake a walk 散步名词动词button n纽扣v.扣纽扣book n书v.预订seat n座位v.容纳back n背部v.支持形容词动词slow adj.慢的v.减慢narrow adj.窄的v.缩小warm adj.暖和的v.加热典题在线.单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly(regular)arranges quick getaways here for peo
12、ple living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2(2015全国卷 语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly(slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.3(2015全国卷语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability(ab
13、le)to“air condition”a house without using electric equipment.4(2015全国卷语法填空)As natural(nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.5(2014全国卷语法填空)The river was so polluted that it actually(actual)caught fire and bu
14、rned.6(2014全国卷语法填空)Just be patient(patience)7(2014全国卷语法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers suddenly(sudden)became friendly to one another.8(2014全国卷语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and disa
15、ppointed(disappoint)9(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and softly(soft).10(2014辽宁高考语法填空)I cannot control my body well.My legs become painful(pain)11.(2014湖北高考短文写作)Luckily,she was not badly injured(injure)and we sent her to the nearest hospita
16、l.12(2014福建高考书面表达)So excited(excite)was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it.13(2013广东高考语法填空)But such a small thing couldnt possibly(possible)destroy a village.14(2013广东高考语法填空)“That would be a very reasonable(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like our
17、s，”Nick said.单句改错1(2015全国卷短文改错)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.seriouslyserious2(2015全国卷短文改错)Dad and I were terrible worried.terribleterribly3(2015浙江高考短文改错)On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see the football field.easyeasily4(20
18、14全国卷短文改错)The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.tastetasty5(2014全国卷短文改错)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!wonderfullywonderful6(2014全国卷短文改错)The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.helpfullyhelpful7(2014浙江高考短文改错)No one in th
19、e carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.previouspreviously8(2014辽宁高考短文改错)That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.closelyclose_ 深化认知一、比较等级1平级比较(1)as形容词(副词)原级as.“和一样”；not as/so形容词(副词)原级as.“不如”。(2016长春一模写作)Tom is as excellent as John in the abili
20、ty of dealing with such cases.在处理这类案件上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样优秀的。(2)as形容词原级a(n)n.as.“和一样”。Although Tom was as heavy a smoker as me,he did give up smoking last year.尽管汤姆和我一样是个老烟枪，但他在去年确实戒烟了。2比较级(1)比较级than.“比更”；less.than“不如”。This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。(2)the比较级，
21、the 比较级“越，越”。Its believed that the harder you work,the better result youll get.人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。(3)the比较级of the 名词/代词“两者中较的”。Who is the younger of the two boys?这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？(4)“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。Mr.Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a better boss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。(
22、5)比较等级前常用的修饰语有：a little,a bit,slightly,much,a lot,a great deal,any,far,by far,even,still 等。The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.Why?Its far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.我不得不说这部电影一点意思也没有。为什么？它比我以前看过的所有电影都有趣多了。3最高级的基本结构表达在某个范围内“最”，用“the最高级比较范围”结构。The river is the longest
23、 in the world.这条河流是世界上最长的。二、倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达形式有：1倍数as形容词/副词的原级asThis tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年龄是他的两倍大。2倍数形容词/副词的比较级thanThis river is almost twice longer than that one.这条河差不多比那条河长两倍。The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than
24、that one.这本字典恰好比那本贵五倍。3倍数the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/.ofThe newly-broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。4倍数thatofThe size of the newly-broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。5倍数what 从句The production now is three tim
25、es what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。名师指津 在倍数表达法中倍数一般放在第一个 as 或比较级或名词的前面。另外，倍数除了用 times(三倍或三倍以上的数)来表示外，还可用分数、百分数以及twice/double(两倍)，triple(三倍)，fourfold(四倍)等来表示。典题在线.单句语法填空1(2014全国卷语法填空)Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner(clean)than ever.2(2014辽宁高考语法填空)The ha
26、rder(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!3(2014广东高考语法填空)After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months earlier(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.4(2014大纲卷单选)Raymonds parents wanted him to have
27、the_best(good)possible education.5(2013全国卷单选)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better(good)one is put forward,well make do with it.6(2013天津高考单选)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more_meaningful(meaningful)things to do.7(2013辽宁高考单选)This is by far the_most_insp
28、iring(inspiring)movie that I have ever seen.单句改错1(2015陕西高考短文改错)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decided to ask her for help.betterbest2(2016泉州一模短文改错)Your story is wonderful;Ive never heard a good one before.goodbetter3(2016兰州一模短文改错)Goods imported from abroad are not always best tha
29、n those made in China.Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.bestbetter4(2016石家庄一模短文改错)The most you practise,the better you can understand.mostmore_5Our school which was built last year is three times as bigger as his.biggerbig 对点集训即时巩固提升知能.单句语法填空1I was about to give up when m
30、y father came and encouraged(encouragement)me to keep going.2Parents arrange(arrangement)everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.3This hill is four times higher(high)than that small one.4(2016齐齐哈尔模拟)In addition to reading for knowledge,we read for fun and
31、inspiration(inspire)5I dont think it a reasonable(reason)practice for them to behave that way in our society.6(2016河南省六市联考)Friends are more important(importance)than phones in our daily life.7The farmers living conditions have improved significantly(significance)ever since the policy of supporting a
32、griculture was introduced.8(2016石家庄高中毕业班模拟)Already,she looked like she was much braver(brave)than Larry had been then.9The earlier(early)the treatment is given,the better it is for the patient.10Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller(small)one,which is very easy for me to carry.单句改错1To make m
33、atters bad,now I have to share a room with my younger sister,Maggie.badworse2The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blind.blindblindly3(2016银川模拟)In some places you may borrow as more books as you need,but in others you are limited to a certain num
34、ber of books.moremany4Well,I like much more than one,such as painting and model making,but my favorite is dancing.去掉 much5(2016贵阳模拟)Five years ago,our playground was five times the size with yours.withof6She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerfully symbol in last years elec
35、tion.powerfullypowerful7(2016哈尔滨质检)Most of the fish there was freezing,but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market.freezingfrozen8(2016吉林质检)In my opinion,there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society,but only those who are prepared adequately a
36、nd qualified high can make use of them to achieve their purposes.highhighly9I named them“cookies”because I always feel that children can bring great happy and excitement to my life.happyhappiness10As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students,wed like to invite you to the exhibition
37、.popularlypopular.语法填空(2016郑州模拟)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life.Theseproverbs are often 1.interesting(interest)stories.2.Forexample,the proverb,“pluck up a crop 3.to_help(help)it grow”，is based on the following story.It is said that a short-temp
38、ered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up 4.quickly(quick).He was thinking about it day and night.But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day,he came up with an idea 5.thathe would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next da
39、y.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,6.but/yethe felt very happy since the crop did “grow”7.higher(high)His son 8.heard(hear)about this and went to see the crop.Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 9.natural(nature)course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often 10.results(result)in the contrary to our intention.
