1、上海市浦东新区2021届高三英语上学期一模试题（含解析）第一卷（90分）I. Listening Comprehension （25 分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what way said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only o
2、nce. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $ 20. B. $ 32, C. $ 40, D. $ 60.2. A. Tailor and customer. B. Hairdresser and customer.C. Husband and wife. D. Hous
3、ekeeper and host.3. A. At a hospital. B. At a restaurant.C. At a handicraft shop. D. At a grocery store.4. A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.
4、 A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D. She has no time to keep the man company.6. A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke
5、 in the room.D. The man annoyed the woman purposely.7. A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel. D. The possible discount.8. A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9. A
6、. The man doesnt agree with the womans idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10. A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer te
7、am has been set up.C. The man doesnt want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage,11. A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to do
8、nate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12. A. The update of smartphones. B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apples headquarters. D. Some Tech companies in California.13. A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich.Questions 14 through 16 are based on th
9、e fallowing passage14. A. It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B. It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C. It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D. It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15. A. It helps shoppers locate the r
10、ight brand of perfume.B. It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C. It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D. It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16. A. The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B. The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose ca
11、n detect.C. Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D. The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because he didnt have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage wo
12、uld be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.18. A. His flight number and arrival time.B. The cause of the flights late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19. A. On the plane ticket.B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D.
13、 From the record of his flight. 20. A. Missing luggage is unlikely to be found.B. There are important documents in his luggage.C It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D. The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分)Section A (10 分)Directions: After r
14、eading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Since astrono
15、mers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans _1_ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, were one step closer to _2_(find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature _3_our Sun could have a rocky plane
16、t capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an _4_(estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a new study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us unders
17、tand the potential for these planets _5_(support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of lifes origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists _6_worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space tele
18、scope in 2018 after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescopes observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy - more planets than stars._7_ this result is far from a final value, its extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high
19、confidence.Thats a wide range of different stars, each with _8_own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, es
20、pecially when even our _9_(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. Thats _10_ the research team took a new approach.【答案】1. have wondered 2. finding 3. to 4. estimation 5. are supporting 6. who 7. Although 8. its 9. powerful 10. why【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自从天文学家证实了太阳系外行星的存在，称为系外行星，人
21、类对有多少行星能够孕育生命进行了研究。【1题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从天文学家证实了太阳系外行星的存在，称为系外行星，人类一直在想，有多少行星能够孕育生命。根据前面的“Since”可知，此处应用现在完成时；逻辑主语“humans”是复数，所以动词用复数形式。故填have wondered。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我们离找到答案又近了一步。空格前的to是介词，后面应用动名词形式。故填finding。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：根据开普勒太空望远镜，大约一半与太阳温度相似的恒星可能有一颗岩石行星，能够在其表面支撑液态水。similarto是固定短语，意为“与相似”。故填t
22、o。【4题详解】考查词性转换。句意：我们的星系至少有一个估计有3亿个可能适合居住的星球，这是根据一项即将发表在天文杂志上的最保守的研究结果得出的。根据空格前面的冠词“an”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填estimation。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：这项研究有助于我们了解这些行星支持生命的潜力。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少谓语，表示客观事实，应用一般现在进行时。故填are supporting。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这项研究是由美国宇航局的科学家撰写的，他们与来自世界各地的合作者一起执行开普勒任务。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是NASA scientists，指人，且空格
23、处在定语从句中作主语，所以此处应用who引导该定语从句。故填who。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然这个结果还远未达到最终值，但令人兴奋的是，我们计算出这些世界是如此的普遍，具有如此高的可信度。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间是转折关系，应用although。故填Although。【8题详解】考查代词。句意：这是一个范围广泛的不同恒星，每一个都有自己的特殊性质影响其轨道上的岩石行星是否有能力支持液态水。分析句子并空格后的名词短语“own particular properties”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，有根据前面的“each”可知，此处用单数，用its。故填its。【9题详解】考查词性
24、转换。句意：这些复杂性部分地解释了为什么很难计算出有多少潜在的可居住行星，尤其是当我们强大的望远镜几乎无法探测到这些小行星时。根据空格后的名词“telescopes”可知，此处应用形容词用来修饰名词。故填powerful。【10题详解】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：这就是研究小组采取新方法的原因。根据上文内容并句意可知，此处是一个原因表语从句，应用why；that is why是固定句型，意为“这就是为什么”。故填why。Section B (10 分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a p
25、roper word given in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. benefits B. attract C. engagement D. track E . measuring F. committed G. promoting H. rewards I . motivated J. seeking K. satisfactionWork is necessary to earn an income. And if you get goo
26、d job_11_ , its a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks(工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee_12_ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to
27、 be for life, there wasnt much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are_13_a position, they want to know the benefits theyll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. Th
28、e idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to_14_and retain the right staff.As an example, at the merchant bank, Close Brothers, Al has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any ti
29、me. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses_15_their employees well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay _16_ and reach their full potential in real-time?” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable tech
30、nology to track employees movements. Staff can earn _17_ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by _18_the participants performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater_19_between an empl
31、oyee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and_20_ work force. But HR experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.【答案】11. K 12. A 13. J 14. B 15. D 16. I 17. H 18. E 19. C 20. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。许多公司用来优待员工有常见福利，但这些福利真的适合所有员工吗？如今，科技被用来帮
32、助企业为员工们量身定做适合他们的个人福利。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你对工作很满意，那就是额外的好处！分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，做get的宾语，satisfaction“满意”为名词，符合句意，job satisfaction“工作满意度”。故选K项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：员工福利现在很常见。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词的复数形式，作主语，are是谓语，benefits“福利”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：现在，当千禧一代找工作的时候，他们想知道除了工资之外还有什么福利。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词，与are构成现在进行时，seeking“寻找，
33、谋求”为动词，符合句意。故选J项。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：这个想法的目的是使公司量身定做它所能提供的，以吸引和留住合适的员工。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词，与to构成动词不定式，表目的，attract“吸引”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。15题详解】考查动词。句意：微软也开发了软件来帮助企业追踪员工的幸福需求。分析根据“to help businesses”可知空格处应为动词，构成短语help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，track“追踪”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。16题详解】考查形容词。句意：它向公司展示了员工需要什么来保持积极性，并实时发挥他们的全部潜力？根据“stay
34、”可知空格处应为形容词，作表语，motivated“有积极性的”为形容词，stay motivated“保持积极性”，符合句意。故选I项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：员工可以通过让他们的活动被追踪来获得奖励。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作can earn的宾语，rewards“奖励”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：一项研究发现，通过测量参与者的表现，他们每月相当于多活动4.8天。根据“by”和“the participants performance”可知，空格处应为动词名词，measuring“测量”动词，为符合句意。故选E项。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：似乎
35、如果使用得当，科技可以为员工和公司提供更大的互动。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作provide的宾语，engagement“互动，参与度”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：这会让你工作团队更快乐、更健康、更忠诚。根据“happier, healthier”可知，空格处应为形容词，作定语，修饰work force，committed “坚定的，忠诚的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。III. Reading Comprehension （45 分）Section A （15 分）Direction :For each blank in the following pas
36、sage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science, particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once Someone from the countrys ethnic minorities has got
37、 bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably_21_ to be treated on merit （功绩）and nothing else. _22_ a study published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggest? That is not true. Dr. Ginther, who was working _23_ Americas National Institutes of Health （NIH）, looked at the p
38、attern of research grants awarded by the NIH and found that _24_mattered a lot .Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, _25_ , do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applican
39、ts ethnic_26_ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not, the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with black-sounding names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) _27_ bias has bee
40、n found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published by researchers at MIT and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious C以(简历) with stereotypically white names got 50% more _28_of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants stat
41、ed_29_were identical.Another possible explanation is social _30_: It is in the nature of groups of experts (such as review panels) to know both each other and each others most promising assistants and followers. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of _31_ consideration. If
42、the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those_32_from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr. Ginthers results are_33_, it is to the NIHs credit that it has published her findings. The agency is als
43、o starting a programme intended to alter the_34_of the review panels to see whether removing potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are_35_people of particular races.
44、 Such discrimination is a sheer waste of talent!21. A. expectB. cooperateC. decideD. challenge22. A. Similarly.B. EvidentlyC. UnfortunatelyD. Undoubtedly23. A. in favour ofB. on behalf ofC. in honor ofD. in the name of24. A. healthB. nationalityC. genderD. race25. A. howeverB. otherwiseC. thereforeD
45、. meanwhile26. A. divisionsB. customsC. originsD. designs27. A. unknownB. similarC. obviousD. strong28. A. feedbackB. typesC. elementsD. offers29. A. qualificationsB. interviewsC. namesD. researches30. A. securityB. statusC. networkingD. order31. A. moralB. favorableC. casualD. minor32. A. excludedB
46、. installedC. downloadedD. restored33. A. positiveB. conclusiveC. troublingD. encouraging34. A. positionB. subjectC. prospectD. composition35. A. remindingB. employingC. informingD. failing【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D【解析】本文是说明文，美国的一项研究
47、显示，科学界也有种族歧视。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦该国的少数族裔人士在实验室获得了一席之地，他可能会有理由认为，自己的待遇只取决于个人能力，而不是其他，这是合理的。A. expect期望；认为；B. cooperate合作；C. decide决定；D. challenge挑战。根据上文You might expect，此处表示“会认为”，照应前文。故选A项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，堪萨斯大学的唐娜?金赛尔（Donna Ginther）刚刚在科学杂志发表了一篇研究论文，指出事实并非如此。A. Similarly相似地；B. Evidently明显地；C.
48、 Unfortunately不幸地；D. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地。根据后文的That is not true.指出事实并非如此，所以此处是不幸地。故选C项。【23题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：曾代表美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）工作的金赛尔博士观察了国家卫生研究院研究拨款的模式并发现种族的影响很大。A. in favour of支持；B. on behalf of代表；C. in honor of向致敬; D. in the name of以为名。根据下文的“who was working”可知Dr. Ginther在NIH工作，所以是代表了NIH。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词
49、义辨析。句意：曾代表美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）工作的金赛尔博士观察了国家卫生研究院研究拨款的模式并发现种族的影响很大。A. health健康；B. nationality国籍；C. gender性别；D. race种族。根据“Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, 5 , do badly.”可知这里是种族的影响很大。故选D项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是黑皮肤科学家的情况很糟。A. however然而；B. otherwise否则；C. therefore因此
50、；D. meanwhile与此同时。根据do badly，此处表示转折。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个可能的解释是审查小组通过申请者的名字来源、或是他们曾就读的学校推测他们的种族。A. divisions分类；B. customs习俗；C. origins来源；D. designs设计。由后文“their names, or the institutions they attended as students”可知审查小组通过申请人的名字和学校可以判断出他们来源于哪个种族。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 商业世界的招聘也存在类似的偏见。A. unkno
51、wn不知道的；B. similar相似的；C. obvious明显的；D. strong强壮的。根据后文“has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. ”开始例举商业领域中出现的偏见，这与种族偏见是相似的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意: 麻省理工大学和芝加哥大学的研究者发表了一份著名报告， 发现如果他们编造的简历的名字是白人名字，那么收到的面试通知书会比名字是黑人的多50%，即使申请者陈述的资历是一模一样的。A. feedback反馈；B. types类型；C. elements基础；
52、D. offers提供。根据上文“ recruiting for job”此处指的是应聘者获得的面试机会，所以是可提供的面试机会。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：麻省理工大学和芝加哥大学的研究者发表了一份著名报告， 发现如果他们编造的简历的名字是白人名字，那么收到的面试通知书会比名字是黑人的多50%，即使申请者陈述的资历是一模一样的。A. qualifications资格；B. interviews面试；C. names名字；D. researches研究。根据常识可知，申请者需要提供自己的资历作为找工作的条件，故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能的解释是
53、社交网络。A. security安全的；B. status地位；C. networking计算机网络；D. order命令。根据后文的those_12_from the network，可知此处指人们的社交网络。故选C项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 没进入这个排外圈子的申请者也许得到优先考虑的概率要少一些。A. moral道德的；B. favorable有利的；C. casual随意的；D. minor最小的。根据“Applicants outside this charmed circle”不在白人圈里的申请人获得优先考虑的概率要少一些，所以此处用favorable consi
54、deration表示有利的考虑。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这个排外的小圈子本身在人种上是不具备代表性的， 那些首先因为自己种族族群的代表人数不足而被排斥在这一网络之外的人就会更难突破进去。A. excluded排除；B. installed安装；C. downloaded下载；D. restored修复。根据“find it harder to break in.”可知，此处表示被排斥在这一网络之外的人。故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管金赛尔博士实验结果令人担忧，但是她的发现得以发表，应该归功于国家卫生研究院。A. positive积极的；B.
55、conclusive决定性的；C. troubling令人不安的；D. encouraging令人鼓舞的。金赛尔博士的实验结果令人担忧。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该机构还开始一项旨在改变审查小组构成成分的项目， 以便证明是否透露申请者可能的种族身份会改变结果。A. position立场；B. subject主观；C. prospect预期；D. composition成分。根据“the review panels ”可知，该机构还开始一项旨在改变审查小组构成成分的项目。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他机构、不仅仅是美国的机构，应对此所有这一切予以严肃关
56、注，同时扪心自问他们自己是否也不公正地对待某些来自特定种族的人。A. reminding提醒；B. employing雇用；C. informing通知；D. failing使失望，有负于。根据“should pay strict attention to all this”可知，应对此所有这一切予以严肃关注，同时扪心自问他们自己是否也不公正地对待某些来自特定种族的人。故选D项。Section B (22 分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions
57、o unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose, the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a
58、laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsleys home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina.
59、 He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the citys district attorneys office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New Yorks evolution from the 1950s to the present. “It could start with the smell of something burning.” he says of his method.
60、 “And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots
61、of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments (片段) into an extended history of the city.Mr. Harsleys gallery is a time capsule.
62、 For decades, it is also a hub for the citys artistic underworld. In the 1970s New Yorks photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he estab
63、lished The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.36. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. Undervalued but expert.B. Gifted
64、but exclusive.C. Unknown but devoted.D. Gifted but awkward.37. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasion
65、s of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.38. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself “invisible”?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artis
66、ts attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.39. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A. He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-
67、and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的主人公是一位被忽视但才华横溢的摄影师Alex Harsley，主要内容为Alex Harsley的个人经历与他的优秀作品，并且他帮助了很多摄影师获得更好更多的机会去展现自己的能力和作品。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“There are portraits of Muham
68、mad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.(这里有穆罕默德阿里和让米歇尔巴斯奎特的肖像，还有亚历克斯哈斯利60多年来详细拍摄的一系列城市景观，他是一位被忽视但才华横溢的纽约摄影师)”可知，作者认为Alex Harsley是一位被忽视但才华横溢的摄影师。故选A项。【37题详解】句意猜测题。根据画线句子“His vivid
69、pictures freeze moments in New Yorks evolution from the 1950s to the present.(他生动的照片定格了纽约从20世纪50年代到现在的发展历程)”可知，他的照片记录了纽约近几十年的发展历程。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“His aim has been to assemble these fragments (片段) into an extended history of the city.(他的目标是将这些碎片拼凑成这座城市的悠久历史)”可推知，Mr. Harsley把自己变得“不显眼”是为了拼凑
70、这个城市一些小的团体，把零碎的事情聚集在一起。故选A项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a number of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhib
71、it their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.(正如哈斯利所说，“许多伟大的艺术家都被扫地出局了”，因为他们之间缺乏联系。帮助人才成为他使命的一部分。1971年，他成立了“小众摄影家”组织，帮助那些崭露头角的艺术家展示自己的作品。两年后，他开了自己的画廊，许多摄影师都在那里举办了他们的第一次展览）”可知，他通过在崭露头角的艺术家和著名艺术家之间建立联系来帮助其他的摄影师。故选C项。(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor pos
72、sible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123PROBLEMPOSSIBLE CAUSESOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot. The cups were not preheated. Warm the cups by rinsing them with hot water (N.B. you can use the hot water function). Coffee does not come out of the spouts. Th
73、e spouts are blocked. Clean the spouts with a toothpick.The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service door. The holes in the spouts are clogged with dry coffee dust. The coffee guide inside the service door is blocked and cannot swing. Clean the spouts with a toothpick, spo
74、nge or hard bristled kitchen brush.Thoroughly clean the coffee guide, particularly near the hinges.The frothed milk has large bubbles.The milk is not cold enough or is not semi-skimmed.You should ideally use skimmed or semi-skimmed milk at refrigerator temperature (about 5 C). If the result is not a
75、s you wished, try changing brand of milk.The milk is not frothed 起泡). Cappuccino maker dirty. Clean as described in the section “Cleaning the cappuccino maker after use”.Steam delivery stops A safety device stops steam delivery after 3 minutes. Wait, then activate the steam function again.The applia
76、nce does not come on. It is not plugged into the mains socket. The main switch(A2) is not turned on. Plug into the mains socket Place the main switch in the I position.40. If the appliance doesnt work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged in
77、to the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.41. According to the table, which of the following is true?A. If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B. If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. coffee doesnt come out of
78、 spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.42. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.【答案】40. B
79、 41. C 42. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是咖啡机质量报告的一部分，介绍了咖啡机会出现的故障，产生故障的原因以及解决方法。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据表格最后一条“The appliance does not come on.It is not plugged into the mains socket.”（设备不工作。它没有插入电源插座。”可知，如果设备不工作，可能是因为没有插到插座上。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第三条“The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service
80、door.Clean the spouts with a toothpick.”（咖啡不是从壶口而是从服务门流出。用牙签把壶口清理干净。）可知，咖啡不能从壶口流出来时，可以用牙签检查一下。故选C。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据表格上方的“For possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123”（如遇以下可能发生的故障，请致电1-800-2020-123与客户服务中心联系）可推知，这篇文章很可能来自咖啡机质量报告。故选D。(C)That easterners
81、and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that
82、modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly bette
83、r. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the Easts rice. Before the mechanizati
84、on of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which l
85、et neighbors stagger their farms schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a societys culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-roote
86、d that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put so
87、me flesh on this theorys bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteers place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether
88、it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talheims hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as
89、 Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only Asian because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat.43
90、. According to the second paragraph, which statement does the author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japans ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.C
91、. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.44. What does the underlined word “stagger” probab
92、ly mean?A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same timeB. help something to develop more strongly because its about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return45. Mr. Talheim studied the
93、 Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out .A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous community.C. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local peoples mental life
94、.46. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.【答案】43. D 44. A 45. D 46. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了东方人倾向于集体主义，而西方人倾向于个人主义的几个不同假设，重点议论了这种现象
95、与种植什么农作物有关。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第一句话“One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook.（其一，现代化促进了个人主义，第一个障碍落在了日本，一个极度现代化的国家，但它的人民保持了集体的观点。）”可知，假设一提出的现代化无法作为现代化促进个人主义的证据；根据第二句和第三句话“A second, that a higher
96、 rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.（第二，传染病在一个地方的高发率会使与陌生人的接触更加危险，并导致群体转向内向，这说法也不比第一个好到哪里去。欧洲也遭受过同样的灾难;可能比日本和韩国都要多。）”可知，假设
97、二提出的传染病的发生也无法作为促进个人主义的证据，所以无论是像欧洲那样的现代化，还是像日本那样的曾经盛行的瘟疫，都没有任何证据表明会促进个人主义。故选D项。【44题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段句子“To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neig
98、hbors stagger their farms schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“The answers bore little r
99、elation to the wealth of a volunteers place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area.（这些答案与志愿者的出生地几乎没有关系。然而，这与它是水稻种植区还是小麦种植区有着显著的相关性。）”可知，研究种植小麦的志愿者主要是为了找到人们的集体主义文化是否与种植的农作物有关，即农作物的种植是否与所在地人们的精神生活有关。故选D项。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段最后一句“Si
100、nce, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a societys culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.（因为在近代以
101、前几乎每个人都是农民，所以假说认为这种集体观念会支配一个社会的文化和行为是有道理的，而这种观念可能已深深扎根于文化，以至于到今天，尽管大部分人不以农业为主，但这多少还是决定了他们的生活）”可知，文章主要认同人们的文化观念是与他们所在地方种植的农作物有关，例如在种植水稻的地区的人们更偏向于集体主义，他们吃的什么农作物他们就是什么样的，故本文标题为吃什么就是什么。故选D项。【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2
102、.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。例如本文第2题，根据第三段句子“To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchan
103、ges which let neighbors stagger their farms schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。Section C （8 分）Directions:
104、 Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken
105、city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhans makeshift hospitals for covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease.
106、 _47_Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. _48_Such attention reflects a profound change in official and
107、 public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the countrys long-term development goals. _49_ The governments “Healthy China 2030” plan,issued in 2016, called for a stronger mental-health service system. _50_ Zhiying Ma of the University of
108、Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The studys authors suggested tha
109、t “rapid social change” was intensifying “psychological pressure and stress”.At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.A. She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-
110、health professionals.B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice of confining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C. Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to the virus.D. She worries many people wont s
111、eek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mental pain.E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructions to guide the mental-health response to the disease.F. These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.【答案】47. D 48. E 49
112、. B 50. F【解析】本文为说明文。本文以沈银静(音译)关注新冠病人及家属的心理健康为切入点，主要讲述了现代社会中精神健康问题很普遍，与此同时，心理健康咨询也变得越来越普及。【47题详解】根据上文“Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. ”（沈银静(音译)是上海的一名治疗师，她通过电话或短信提供
113、咨询，主动帮助遭受冠状病毒袭击的武汉市的贫困市民）以及“Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease.”（现在沈女士想知道，她该如何帮助那些因为疾病而失去亲人的人。）可以推知，接下来要描述的是沈女士担心这些因疾病失去亲人的人不会寻求帮助。选项D. She worries many people wont seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mental pain.（她担心很多人不会寻
114、求帮助，尽管失去亲人会带来持久的精神痛苦。）符合文意。故选D。【48题详解】根据上文“Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. ”（数百所大学和慈善机构为抑郁症患者设立了“心理热线”。）和选项E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructions to guide the ment
115、al-health response to the disease.（他们的努力得到了政府的支持，政府已经发布了许多指示来指导心理健康对这种疾病的反应。）承接自然，选项说明了“心理热线”的努力换来的结果，选项中的“their”对应上文的“Hundreds of universities and charities”。故选E。【49题详解】根据上文“In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the countrys long-term development goa
116、ls.”（近年来，政府开始强调心理健康在国家长期发展目标中的重要性。）可知，强调了政府对心理健康方面的发展目标中的重要性；由此推知，接下来描述的是政府所做的努力的体现形式。选项B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice of confining people in psychiatric wards against their will.（2012年通过的一项精神健康法，反对以前常见的违背病人意愿将他们关在精神病房的做法。）充分表明了政府的积极作用，符合文意。故选B
117、。【50题详解】根据下文“Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more comm
118、on in China.”（芝加哥大学的马志英表示，尤其是年轻的中国人，在谈论他们的困难时，已经习惯了使用抑郁和焦虑等词汇。2019年公布的一项中国政府资助的调查发现，这种疾病在中国越来越普遍。）可知，精神健康问题目前在中国很普遍。选项F. These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.（如今许多中国人意识到，精神健康问题是很普遍的。）和文意一致，故选F。第二卷(50分)IV. 71. Summary Writing (10 分)51. Directions: Read the followin
119、g passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck a
120、way is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.Theres a growing trend for repair ev
121、ents and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it
122、 helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. Its thought that doing
123、this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense - collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However,
124、 the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years._【答案】One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not
125、 recycled electronic items. Fortunately, people are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life. Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-last
126、ing in some countries.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，破坏人类地球环境的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西太多了。近年来，在我们扔掉的东西清单上又增加了一项坏了、无法回收的电子产品。本文介绍一些用来处理电子垃圾问题的新方法。【详解】1 要点摘录 One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.Theres a growing trend for r
127、epair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make
128、 appliances longer-lasting2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled electronic items.Fortunately, People are finding solutions to give e-waste a new life. Repair events as well as club could be
129、of help, and e-waste mining is also a new ways to deal with the problem of e-waste. Besides, there are even laws insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting in some countries.【点睛】高分句型1 One of the problems destroying our planet is the stuff we throw away, especially broken and not recycled
130、 electronic items. 运用一个定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。 高分句型2： Repair events as well as club could be of help, and e-waste mining is also a new way to deal with the problem of e-waste. 用并列句对三四段内容进行概括。 V. Translation （15 分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brack
131、ets.52. 他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。（prove）(汉译英）【答案】The way he dealt with the problem proved effective.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语、定语从句和形容词。表示“方法”用名词way；表示“处理”用短语deal with，该词作从句谓语动词，结合语境，用一般过去时dealt with；由句意可知，“.的方法”是作way的定语，所以此处用从句修饰way，当先行词为way时，关系词可以用in which/that或省略，此处选用省略，即可以写成：the way he dealt with the problem；表示“证明”用
132、动词prove，根据语境，时态用一般过去时，所以用proved；表示“有效的”用形容词effective，作prove的表语。结合其他汉语提示，故可翻译为：The way he dealt with the problem proved effective.53. 为了您的安全，请不要在走路时盯着手机看。（fix）(汉译英）【答案】For your safety, please dont fix on your mobile phone while walking .【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语，祈使句和时间状语从句。分析句子可知，该句是一个祈使句；“为了您的安全”表达为for you
133、r safety, 作目的状语；根据提示词fix可知，此处应用固定短语fix on，意为“把集中在上”；可以用while引导时间状语从句，即while you are walking，其中you are可以省略，表示 “走路时”。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为For your safety, please dont fix on your mobile phone while walking。【点睛】54. 接到通知，我们出游的日期已定，风雨无阻。（regardless）(汉译英）【答案】We have been informed that the date of our trip has be
134、en fixed, regardless of the weather.【解析】【详解】考查短语、现在完成时的被动语态及宾语从句。表示“接到通知”用被动语态be informed that；表示“我们”用we；表示“出游的日期”用短语the date of our trip；表示“已定”，结合句意用现在完成时的被动语态has been fixed；表示“风雨无阻”用短语 regardless of the weather，根据句意，故翻译为：We have been informed that the date of our trip has been fixed, regardless of
135、 the weather.55. 不言而喻，像打电话这样的语音通信，尽管不受年轻人的青睐，但比发短信更能增强 社交联系。（It）(汉译英）【答案】It goes without saying that though voice communications, such as phone calls, are unpopular with young people, it could enhance social connections better than text messages.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、固定短语和时态。根据句意“不言而喻”可知句型It goes without s
136、aying that；that从句中为though引导让步状语从句，表示“语音通信”短语为voice communications；表示“像，例如”短语为such as；表示“不受欢迎”短语为be unpopular with；表示“社交联系”短语为social connections；表示“更能，好过”可用短语better than。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时。故翻译为It goes without saying that though voice communications, such as phone calls, are unpopular with young people,
137、it could enhance social connections better than text messages.VI. Guided Writing （25 分）56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近期你朋友Sandy打算来上海迪士尼乐园游玩，现就住宿场所（园区内酒店还是园区外民宿【B&B】）的选择写信征询你的意见。假设你是李明，请回信。你的信必须包括：1. 简述你对住宿场所选择的建议；2
138、. 说明你的理由（从价格、环境、便利性等方面进行对比）。【答案】Dear Mr. Smith ,I am Lihua ,chairman of the student union , from chenguang high school. I am very pleased to learn that you are coming to visit our school on June 26. I am writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.In the morning , there will be a forum in the
139、school auditorium , where visitors and students from our school communicate with each other ,talking about school life and cultural differences . At noon, you are invited to have lunch in our school cafeteria with students from our school. You can taste dumplings ,noodles and other Chinese foods .In
140、 the afternoon, the students in our school will show you around the Haihe river .How do you like the arrangements ? I hope you will have a nice time in Tian jingYours sincerely ,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假设你程光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自美国的某中学的访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排其在天津的活动。请根据
141、提示，给美国的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动安排并简要说明理由，最后征求对方的意见。 1.上午与我校学生座谈(如校园文化，文化差异)2.中午与我校同学共进午餐(饺子，面条等) 3.下午和我校学生游览海河。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：,chairman of the student union（学生会主席）；a forum in the school auditorium（学生礼堂的论坛）；talking about school life and cultural differences（谈论学校生活和文化差异）；等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注
142、意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I am writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.句中使用what引导的宾语从句；there will be a forum in the school auditorium , where visitors and students from our school communicate with each other ,talking about school life and cultural differences .句中使用where引导的定语从句，且句中现在分词做伴随状语。
