1、20年上海市高考考押题卷英语学科（满分115分，考试时间100分钟）.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks
2、, use one word that best fits each blank.As more Chinese turn to the Internet in search of information related to health issues and medical care, concern is growing that people _1_ receive incorrect or contradictory advice _2_ a lack of regulation related to online health information.A survey conduc
3、ted by the health education center of the National Health and Family Planning Commission showed that the Web has become a major channel for people seeking health-related information. Around 30 percent of those _3_(survey) said they habitually searched the Internet for “self-diagnosis tips” before _4
4、_(consult) a doctor.“Health content is easily available and abundant in cyberspace, but much of it is unprofessional and incorrect,” Mao Qunan, a commission spokesman, said.That message _5_(bring) home recently when Baidu, one of Chinas most popular online search engines, found _6_ at the center of
5、a controversy related to medical information.Last month, 36 healthcare NGOs asked the Beijing authorities to conduct an investigation into Baidu over _7_ they claimed were “inappropriate marketing practices”.The NGOs made a joint complaint with the Beijing Administration of Industry and Commerce, ac
6、cusing the Nasdaq-listed online giant of violating the Advertisement Law by allowing misleading medical ads to be listed on itsforums(论坛).Moreover, some users of Baidu Tieba, an online community-based group discussion platform, _8_ (charge) the company with selling details from its forum to unregula
7、ted private hospitals, making it easier for them to reach potential clients.In response, Baidu issued a statement _9_ it promised to cease the commercialization of forums that focus on the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses and could influence patients recovery and well-being. Baidu also invited N
8、GOs to run the forums.Yiyou Gongyi, one of the NGOS, claimed on its micro blog that Tiebas inappropriate movewas just_10_ tip of the icebergof allegedly false online advertising.It said Baidus dominant position in Chinas online search market means the company can easily help enterprises with marketi
9、ng campaigns, and ads for healthcare are one of the powerhouses of its search-engine business【答案】1. may 2. because of/due to/owing to 3. surveyed 4. consulting 5. was brought 6. itself 7. what 8. have charged 9. in which 10. the【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了随着越来越多的中国人转向互联网搜索与健康问题和医疗保健相关的信息，人们越来越担心，由于缺乏对在线健康信
10、息的监管，人们可能会收到不正确或矛盾的建议。【1题详解】考查情态动词。句意：随着越来越多的中国人转向互联网搜索与健康问题和医疗保健相关的信息，人们越来越担心，由于缺乏对在线健康信息的监管，人们可能会收到不正确或矛盾的建议。后文动词receive为原形，表示“可能”应用情态动词may。故填may。【2题详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着越来越多的中国人转向互联网搜索与健康问题和医疗保健相关的信息，人们越来越担心，由于缺乏对在线健康信息的监管，人们可能会收到不正确或矛盾的建议。结合句意表示“由于，因为”可知应用短语because of/due to/owing to。故填because of/due
11、to/owing to。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：约30%的受访者表示，他们在咨询医生之前，习惯在网上搜索“自我诊断技巧”。分析句子结构可知survey在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语those构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填surveyed。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：约30%的受访者表示，他们在咨询医生之前，习惯在网上搜索“自我诊断技巧”。作介词before的宾语，consult应用动名词形式。故填consulting。【5题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：最近，中国最受欢迎的在线搜索引擎百度发现自己处于一场与医疗信息有关的争议的中心，这让人们明白了这一点。根据后文f
12、ound可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为message，谓语用单数。故填was brought。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：最近，中国最受欢迎的在线搜索引擎百度发现自己处于一场与医疗信息有关的争议的中心，这让人们明白了这一点。此处指百度“它自己”应用反身代词itself。故填itself。【7题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：上个月，36家医疗卫生非政府组织要求北京有关部门对他们所称的“不当营销行为”进行调查。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物应用what引导。故填what。【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意：此外，一些基于社区的在线小组讨论平台百
13、度贴吧的用户指控该公司将其论坛上的细节出售给不受监管的民营医院，使他们更容易接触到潜在客户。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响应用现在完成时，主语为some users，助动词用have。故填have charged。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为回应，百度发表了一份声明，承诺停止那些专注于疾病诊断和治疗、可能影响患者康复和福祉的论坛的商业化。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词statement，根据短语in a statement可知应用介词in，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填in which。【10题详解】考查冠词。句意：非政府组织一友公益在其微博上称，
14、贴吧的“不当行为”只是所谓网络虚假广告的“冰山一角”。结合句意表示“冰山一角”可知短语为the tip of the iceberg。故填the。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there in one word more than you need.A.highlights B. bestseller C. distinctions D. desired AB. coined
15、AC. centered AD. producing BC. mental BD. outcomes CD. valueABC. effectiveA leadership is the most significant word in todays competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly poi
16、nt out that how things get done influences the success of the _11_ and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, _12_ the phrase Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things, he was seeking to clarify th
17、e _13_ he associates with the terms.When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly _14_ individuals. HisSeven Habits of Highly Effective Peoplebecame a popular _15_ very quickly
18、. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadershipparadigm(范例), which he observed _16_ on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic sugge
19、sted it was ones attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive _17_ attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he _18_ how vital it is for leaders to firs
20、t personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a(n) _19_ vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you _20_. Business leadership means that managers need to put fi
21、rst things first, which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.【答案】11. BD 12. AB 13. C 14. ABC 15. B 16. AC 17. BC 18. A 19. D 20. CD【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了领导力的重要性，含义，以及领导学院的创始人Stephen Covey对于领导力的新的解读。【11题详解】考查名词
22、。句意：领导力专家将很快指出，“如何做事”会影响结果的成功，并指出做事的正确方式和错误方式。根据“the ”可知，此处填名词，再结合句意可知填outcomes。故选BD 项。【12题详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：著名的管理大师Peter Drucker创造了这样一个短语:“管理就是把事情做对; 领导就是做正确的事情，”他试图澄清自己想到的这些术语之间的区别。此处需要填谓语动词，根据下文“was seeking”可知要用一般过去时，再结合句意可知填“coined”表示“创造”。故选AB项。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：见上题。根据上文的“clarify the”可知此处要用名词“distinc
23、tions”，表示“澄清差别”。故选C项。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：领导学院的创始人兼主任Stephen Covey在过去10年探索领导风格时，把重点放在了大量高效能人士的习惯上。根据下文“individuals”可知此处要用形容词修饰名词，结合句意可知填“effective”。故选ABC项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：他的高效能人士的七个习惯很快成为畅销书。根据上文“a popular”可知此处填名词“bestseller”表示“畅销书”。故选B项。【16题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：他的观点迫使人们重新审视早期的领导范式，他观察到这种范式集中在性格伦理和人格伦理的特征上。which引
24、导的定语从句指代上句的“leadership paradigm”，结合下文的“traits”可知，定语从句的谓语动词为“centered on”,表示“集中在；以为中心”。故选AC项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：人格伦理认为是一个人的态度，而不是行为，激发了成功，而这种伦理是建立在积极心态的信念之上的。根据下文的“attitude”可知此处用形容词作定语，结合句意可知填“mental”。故选BC项。18题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：与上述观点不同的是，Covey主张，领导者需要理解有效性的普遍原则，他强调，如果领导者想要在工作环境中获得任何显著成功的希望，首先要亲自管理自己是多么重要。由an
25、d可知，此处要用谓语动词，结合句意可知填“highlights”表示“强调”。故选A项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：要为你的企业实现理想的愿景，至关重要的是，你要对自己的方向和价值有一个个人愿景。根据上文的“a(n)”和下文的“vision”可知此处填形容词做定语，故填“desired”表示“渴望的，想得到的”。故选D项。【20题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：见上题。and并列of引导的两个宾语从句，此处为第二个宾语从句的谓语动词，结合句意可知填“value”表示“重视”。故选CD项。. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each bl
26、ank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Toge
27、ther with other activities that may have been ritualistic in _ but have come to be described as artistic, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man sought to express his own personality and his understanding of abstract things. _22_ music and dance, however, examples of early forms of paint
28、ing have _23_ to the present day. And painting, like other arts, exhibits _24_ qualities that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major existing examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the former Soviet U
29、nion. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed _25_ to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions. _26_, Western painting shared a European cultural tradition.Western painting is in general _27_ by its concentration on the representation of the human
30、_28_, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the _29_ context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance(文艺复兴) extended this tradition through a close examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, _30_ painting
31、 to the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real break from figurative painting came with the growth of _31_ painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was _32_ concerned with “painter
32、ly” qualities of the _33_ of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling.In the 20th century, these interests _34_ the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to uncover and express the true _35_ of paint and painting through act
33、ion and form. A. sourceB. resourceC. originD. birth22. A. AsB. UnlikeC. LikeD. Since23. A. persistedB. progressedC. survivedD. insisted24. A. uniqueB. importantC. unusualD. universal25. A. shiftedB. sampledC. presentedD. exhibited26. A. NeverthelessB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. Therefore27. A. separatedB.
34、 distinguishedC. offeredD. divided28. A. figureB. shapeC. shadowD. form29. A. culturalB. religiousC. politicalD. economic30. A. linkingB. separatingC. associatingD. expressing31. A. landscapeB. sceneryC. figureD. oil32. A. lessB. increasinglyC. rarelyD. partly33. A. reactionB. actionC. interactionD.
35、 relation34. A. exposed toB. added up toC. contributed toD. devoted to35. A. characterB. figureC. natureD. element【答案】. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。绘画是一种通过颜料在表面上表现形式和形状的技术，人类已经持续进行了大约2万年。文章主要介绍了绘画的艺术特点以及历史发展演变。【题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：
36、与其他可能在起源上属于仪式但后来被描述为艺术的活动一起，绘画是人类寻求表达自己的个性和对抽象事物理解的最早方式之一。A. source来源；B. resource资源；C. origin起源；D. birth出生。根据后文“painting was one of the earliest ways in which man sought to express his own personality and his understanding of abstract things”可知此处讨论的是艺术活动的起源。故选C。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：然而，与音乐和舞蹈不同的是，早期绘画形
37、式的例子一直保存到今天。A. As正如；B. Unlike不像；C. Like像；D. Since自从。根据后文“music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting”中however表示转折，说明早期绘画形式的例子和音乐和舞蹈不同，保存到了今天。也与后文“And painting, like other arts”相呼应。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，与音乐和舞蹈不同的是，早期绘画形式的例子一直保存到今天。A. persisted持续；B. progressed前进；C. survived幸存；D.
38、insisted坚持。根据后文“to the present day” 可知，早期绘画形式的例子一直保存到今天。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绘画和其他艺术一样，具有普遍的特点，便于所有国家和文明的观众理解和欣赏。A. unique独特的；B. important重要的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. universal普遍的。根据后文“make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate”可知此处说明的是绘画的普遍特点。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词
39、义辨析。句意：但大约5000年前，重要画作的产地转移到了东地中海和邻近地区。A. shifted转移；B. sampled抽样；C. presented赠送；D. exhibited展出。根据后文“to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions”可知重要画作的产地转移到了东地中海和邻近地区。故选A。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，西方绘画有着欧洲的文化传统。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。此处前后文为因果关系，应用therefor
40、e。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，西方绘画的特色在于其对人物形象的刻画，无论是在古代的英雄主义背景下，还是在早期基督教和中世纪世界的宗教背景下。A. separated分开；B. distinguished特色，区别；C. offered提供；D. divided分开。根据后文“by its concentration on the representation of the human”可知对人物形象的刻画是西方绘画的特色。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，西方绘画特色在于其对人物形象的刻画，无论是在古代的英雄主义背景下，还是在早期基督教和中世
41、纪世界的宗教背景下。A. figure数字，形象；B. shape形状；C. shadow阴影；D. form格式。根据上文“the representation of the human”可知此处指人物形象，应用figure。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，西方绘画的特色在于其对人物形象的刻画，无论是在古代的英雄主义背景下，还是在早期基督教和中世纪世界的宗教背景下。A. cultural文化的；B. religious宗教的；C. political政治的；D. economic经济的。根据后文“context of the early Christian”可知后文
42、提到了基督教，这属于宗教背景。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：文艺复兴时期通过对自然世界的仔细研究和对可见世界的平衡、和谐和透视的研究，将绘画与发展中的解剖学和光学科学联系起来，延续了这一传统。A. linking连接；B. separating分开；C. associating连接；D. expressing表达。根据后文“painting to the developing sciences of anatomy and optics”指绘画与发展中的解剖学和光学科学联系起来，应用link。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一次真正脱离具象绘画是在17和18世纪
43、，随着山水画的发展。A. landscape风景；B. scenery景色；C. figure人物；D. oil石油。呼应后文“The landscape”指山水画的发展。故选A。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：风景和具象传统在19世纪共同发展，在一种越来越关注光和颜色的相互作用和绘画处理的表现力的“绘画”品质的氛围中。A. less更少地；B. increasingly越来越多地；C. rarely很少地；D. partly部分地。根据上文“The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th ce
44、ntury in an atmosphere that was”提到风景和具象传统在19世纪共同发展，即越来越关注光和颜色的相互作用。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：风景和具象传统在19世纪共同发展，在一种越来越关注光和颜色的相互作用和绘画处理的表现力的“绘画”品质的氛围中。A. reaction反应；B. action行动；C. interaction互动；D. relation关系。根据后文“of light and color”可知，指光和颜色的相互作用，应用interaction。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在20世纪，这些兴趣促成了西方绘画的第三个主要
45、传统抽象画的发展，抽象画试图通过行为和形式揭示和表达绘画和绘画的真实本质。A. exposed to接触；B. added up to总计达；C. contributed to有助于，促成；D. devoted to专心于。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪，这些兴趣促成了西方绘画的第三个主要传统抽象画的发展，抽象画试图通过行为和形式揭示和表达绘画和绘画的真实本质。A. character特点；B. figure数字；C. nature自然，本质；D. element元素。结合上文“sought to uncover and express the true”可知抽象画试
46、图通过行为和形式揭示和表达绘画和绘画的真实本质。故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage yo
47、u have read.(A)Multiple studies link music study to academic achievement. But what is it about serious music training that seems to be associated with huge success in other fields? I put the question to outstanding professionals in industries from tech to finance to media, all of whom had serious pa
48、st lives as musicians.The phenomenon extends beyond the math-music association. Strikingly, many high achievers told me music opened up the pathways to creative thinking. And their experiences suggest that music training sharpens other qualities: Collection. The ability to listen. A way of thinking
49、that joins together separate ideas. The power to focus on the present and the future simultaneously.For many of the high achievers I spoke with, music functions as a “hidden language”, as Mr. Wolfensohn calls it, one that enhances the ability to connect separate or conflicting ideas. When he ran the
50、 world Bank, Mr. Wolfensohn traveled to more than 100 countries, often taking in local performers, which helped him understand “the culture of people, as distinct from their balance sheet.”It is in that context that the connection between math and music grabs the most attention. Both are at heart mo
51、des of expression. Bruce Kovner, the founder of the hedge fund Caxton Associates, says he sees similarities between his piano playing and investing strategy; as he says, both “relate to pattern cognition, and some people extend these patterns across different senses.”For Roger McNamee, whose Elevati
52、on Partners is perhaps best known for its early investment in Facebook, “music and technology have converged,” he says. He became expert on Facebook by using it to promote his hand, Moonalice, and now is focusing on video by live-streaming its concerts. He says musicians and top professionals share
53、“the almost desperate need to dive deep.” This capacity to obsess seems to unite top performers in music and other fields.“Ive always believed the reason Ive gotten ahead is by outworking other people,” he says. Its a skill learned by “playing that solo one more time, working on that one little sect
54、ion one more time,” and it translates into “working on something over and over again, or double-checking or triple-checking,” He adds, “there is nothing like music to teach you that eventually if you work hard enough, it does get better. You see the results.”Thats an observation worth remembering at
55、 a time when music as a serious pursuit is in decline in this country.36. Music training can enhance all of the following abilities except _.A. handling the present with a long-range visionB. thinking from other peoples perspectiveC. listening to different opinions patientlyD. identifying connection
56、 between different ideas37. Bruce Kovner sees a parallel between music and _.A. hedge fundB. patternsC. different sensesD. mathematics38. By saying “music and technology have converged”, Roger McNamee means _.A. musical techniques are directly used in managing businessB. Advanced technology makes so
57、und better than beforeC. Facebook has become a platform for promoting music albumsD. technology has increased the channels by which music is promoted39. The “observation” (underlined, para 7) in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the claim that music is the key to successB. the belief that results de
58、termine the value of musicC. the idea that hard work keeps getting you aheadD. the proposal that one should pursue music seriously【答案】36. B 37. D 38. D 39. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了音乐和数学运算的关系。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“And their experiences suggest that music training sharpens other qualities: Collection. Th
59、e ability to listen. A way of thinking that weaves together disparate ideas. he power to focus on the present and the future simultaneously. ”可知，他们的经验表明，音乐训练提高了其他品质：协作能力。倾听的能力。把不同的想法编织在一起的一种思维方式。同时关注现在和未来的能力。由此可知，文章没有提到音乐训练可以提高站在别人角度思考问题的能力。故选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Bruce Kovner, the founder of the hed
60、ge fund (对冲基金) Caxton Associates，says he sees similarities between his piano playing and investing strategy;”可知，冲基金创始人Bruce Kovner表示，他认为自己的钢琴演奏和投资策略之间存在相似之处。由此可知，Bruce Kovner看到了音乐和数学运算的相似之处。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“For Roger McNamee, whose Elevation Partners is perhaps best known for its early investm
61、ent in Facebook,”可知，Roger McNamee的Elevation Partners可能以早期投资Facebook而闻名。再结合“music and technology have converged”可知，他认为音乐和技术已经融合在一起了。由此可推知，Roger McNamee认为技术增加了提高音乐的渠道，也就是技术已经增加推广音乐的渠道。故选D。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Theres nothing like music to teach you that eventually if you work hard enough, it does get b
62、etter. ”可知，没有什么比音乐更能教会你，如果你足够努力，它最终会变得更好。再根据“Thats an observation worth remembering at a time when music as a serious pursuit is in decline in this country.”可知，在这个国家，音乐作为一种严肃的追求正在衰落的时候，这是一个值得记住的observation。分析可知，前文讲到了各行各业“top-flight professionals”成功人士与音乐的渊源，并且结合音乐教育在这个国家正在衰落。由此推知，划线词observation意为努力工作
63、能让你进步的一个想法，也就是努力工作使你领先的观念，正好与“work hard(努力工作)”相呼应。故选C。 (B)Dear Miss Manners,My friends kids always ask for gifts or say, “You didnt give me a gift” for their birthdays or Christmas. This is done while their moms are present, and they dont say anything. How do I ask my friends to tell their kids that
64、 its rude to ask people for gifts?PaulDear Paul,Never mind the mothers,who are obviously not going to teach them manners. I suggest responding directly and pleasantly to the children with, “Whywere you planning to give me one?” Their astonishment should give you the opportunity to explain politely t
65、hat we are not supposed to force others to give gifts and giving presents is generally expected to be mutual.Dear Miss Manners,I am celebrating a milestone birthday with a formal theme party at a club. The time of the party is 7 p.m. to midnight. It includes a cocktail hour at 7, with dinner followi
66、ng.Can I add the 7 p.m. cocktail hour to the invitation? I would hate guests to misunderstand and think that they could arrive anytime between 7 and midnight.CarolineDear Caroline,The temptation to tellones guests when they are expected to leave is one with which Miss Manners sympathizes. Clear sign
67、als are often neglected. If the hosts do not rise from the table to announce coffee in the living room as the final act, guests feel awkward about being the first to get up. And then some people just never know when to go home.However, putting both starting and finishing times on an invitation, ofte
68、n done for cocktail parties, indeed suggests that they may arrive during the eventnot toward its end, to be sure, but not necessarily at the starting point.You are giving a dinner party, so you should inform your guests that it will start at 7, as drinks before the meal are part of the routine. That
69、 tells them to arrive on timeand you can only hope that they will take themselves off at a decent hour.40. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _.A. to ignore the kids request for giftsB. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving
70、is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kids mum to teach him proper manners41. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.
71、D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.42. In which part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是两封礼仪小姐给Paul和Caroline关于日常送礼物和举办派对的一些礼仪建议。【40题详解】细节理解
72、题。根据给Paul的回复信件中“Their astonishment should give you the opportunity to explain politely that we are not supposed to force others to give gifts and giving presents is generally expected to be mutual.(他们的惊讶应该让你有机会礼貌地解释，我们不应该强迫别人送礼物，送礼物一般都是相互的)”可知，根据礼仪小姐的说法，应对孩子索要礼物的正确方法是告诉孩子送礼物是自愿的、双向的。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题
73、。根据给Caroline的回复信件中“If the hosts do not rise from the table to announce coffee in the living room as the final act, guests feel awkward about being the first to get up. And then some people just never know when to go home.(如果主人没有站起来宣布客厅里有咖啡作为最后一幕，客人会因为第一个起身而感到尴尬。有些人就是不知道什么时候该回家)”以及“That tells them to
74、 arrive on timeand you can only hope that they will take themselves off at a decent hour. (这告诉他们要准时到达你只能希望他们能在合适的时间离开)”可知，礼仪小姐建议你在聚会上给客人明确的提示他们什么时候应该离开派对。故选D。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据文章是两封礼仪小姐给Paul和Caroline关于日常送礼物和举办派对的一些礼仪建议。可推知，文章选自报纸的“建议”版面。故选A。（C）University educators largely think highly of the wonders of
75、 teaching through technology, but skeptics question whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Professor of Li
76、terature at Stanford University, is one such skeptic. “I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and blind pushing toward the more technology the better, the more websites the better teacher, and so forth, is very dangerous is, indeed, suicidal,” he indicates.However, Gumbrecht warns that the
77、re are few, if any, studies either supporting or rejecting the hypothesis that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his “intuition that real classroom presence should be maintained,” and emphasizes the need for educators to exami
78、ne critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical (教学法的) function and where it does not.Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the sole purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. Indeed, given the 20th centurys knowledge explosion and
79、the increasing costs of higher education, using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably inevitable, he admits. In any case, knowledge transmission should not be the core function of the university, he maintains, noting that universities should be p
80、laces where people confront open questions, places for “intellectual complexity” and “riskful thinking”.“We are not about finding or transmitting solutions; we are not about recipes; we are not about making intellectual life easy. Confrontation with complexity is what expands your mind. It is someth
81、ing like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.”Moreover, discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual innovation. “Theres a qualitative change, and you dont know how it happens. Discussions in the physical presence have t
82、he capacity of being the catalyst (催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. The possibility of in-classroom teaching of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information is a strength.”43. Which of the following is the best title to this passage?A. Cybersp
83、ace InteractionB. The Core Function of the UniversityC. Information Transmission Cannot Help You SurviveD. Electronic Teaching Arouses Uncertainty44. Which of the following might Professor Gumbercht support?A. Professors should be keen on teaching technique innovation.B. Technologies applied to clas
84、srooms strength creative thinking.C. Traditional pedagogical function has its place in classroom.D. The core function of the university is to focus on knowledge transmitting.45. Cyberspace teaching could replace real-life teachers EXCEPT when _.A. transmitting knowledge is the only purpose of the co
85、urseB. theres too much knowledge to put across to the studentsC. the cost of college education increases greatlyD. open questions without possible answers are encouraged46. According to the passage, discussion in the physical presence of others can _.A. lead to greatly improved intellectual abilitie
86、sB. lead to easier and stronger transmission of informationC. produce certain energy for intellectual breakthroughsD. produce qualitative change in teacher-students relationships【答案】43. D 44. C 45. D 46. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。短文介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章开头“University educators largely think highly of
87、the wonders of teaching through technology, but skeptics question whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when interaction with students takes place remotely in cyberspace rather than the real space of the classroom.（大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀
88、疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西。）”以及文章结尾“The possibility of in-classroom teaching of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information is a strength.”（通过信息传递，在教学中不可能发生的事情，教室内教学可能让它发生，这是教室内教学的优势。）”可知网络教学引起了质疑。故选D项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根
89、据第二段“However, Gumbrecht warns that there are few, if any, studies either supporting or rejecting the hypothesis that traditional ways of teaching are superior to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his “intuition that real classroom presence should be maintained,” and emph
90、asizes the need for educators to examine critically where technology serves a useful pedagogical (教学法的) function and where it does not.（然而，Gumbrecht警告说，很少有(如果有的话)研究支持或反对传统教学方式优于互联网教学的假设。他说，他只能指出他的“直觉，即应该保持真实的课堂存在”，并强调教育工作者有必要批判性地检查技术在哪些地方发挥了有用的教学功能，哪些地方没有。）可知Gumbrecht认为传统的教室教学是有一定的教学优势的。故选C 项。【45题详解
91、】细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the sole purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough.（但是，Gumbrecht承认对于传递知识是唯一目的的课程，电子媒体可以做到足够好。）”以及“Indeed, given the 20th centurys knowledge explosion and the increasing costs of higher educati
92、on, using technology as opposed to real-life teachers for the transmission of information is probably inevitable, he admits.（事实上，20世纪的知识爆炸，逐渐增加的更高的教育成本，用科技作为相对于真实生活的老师来传递信息可能是不可避免的。）”可知，D选项“鼓励提出没有可能答案的开放式问题”不包括在内。故选D项。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of bein
93、g the catalyst (催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. （现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂。）”可知和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。故选C项。Section CDirections: Read the following passage, Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you
94、need.Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need. Life would be a lot sweeter if you were a memory athlete. Most of us however, are not wired that way. But dont be discouraged: thanks to
95、neuroplasticity, anyone can transcend their fallible memory. _47_There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory function. First up, the basics: the foundation of good memory is good health. _48_Then there are more deliberate approaches like practicing mnemonics
96、. A mnemonic device is a trick designed to make remembering things easier. So instead of remembering to buy eggs, rice, apples and dog food, it might be easier to think of READ, which stands for rice, eggs, apples, and dog food. This is the acrostic method. _49_ Lets use the same shopping list as an
97、 example. Instead of focusing on the word rice, this technique works by focusing on the image of rice thrown on the ground in a yard. For eggs, picture a hen pecking at the rice, followed by a nearby tree of apple blossoms, the petals falling around the hen, falling on a sleeping dog. Once the inter
98、connected scene is created its a simple visual to ease your way around the halls of the grocery store with no list needed. This technique, where you base a memory around visual images, is more formally called method of loci. A recent study published in Neuron has unearthed some interesting insights
99、about the brains of competitive memorizers. The researchers invited 23 of the worlds top 50 memory athletes to have their brains scanned in rest states, and while performing memory tests, and matched each champion to a control participant. Anatomically, the scans showed there was no difference in br
100、ain structure or region size between the groups. _50_ And whats more, after they gave the naive control group training in the method of loci, their neural connectivity began to look more like that of the pros.A. What youre born with isnt what youre stuck with.B. Where the difference was observed was
101、 in connectivity.C. Another more complicated mnemonic technique is called a mind palace.D. Training in method of loci can physically change the way a person remembers.E. Eating and sleeping right will lead to optimal brain function, the flow-on effect of which is a better memory.F. The improved memo
102、ry observed after mnemonic training persists for as long as 4 months after training concludes.【答案】47. A 48. E 49. C 50. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些改善记忆力的方法与技巧。【47题详解】根据上文But dont be discouraged: thanks to neuroplasticity, anyone can transcend their fallible memory.（但不要气馁：由于神经可塑性，任何人都可以超越他们容易出错记忆）可知，人们的神
103、经有可塑性，所以人们的记忆力可以改变。A项What youre born with isnt what youre stuck with.（你与生俱来的并不是无法摆脱的）符合文意。故选A。【48题详解】根据上文There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory function.（一个人可以做一些相对简单的事情来帮助改善他们的记忆功能）可知，此处在介绍一些可以改善记忆功能的一些相对简单的事情。E项Eating and sleeping right will lead to o
104、ptimal brain function, the flow-on effect of which is a better memory.（正确的饮食和睡眠会使大脑功能达到最佳状态，从而带来更好的记忆力）符合文意。故选E。【49题详解】根据上文This is the acrostic method.（这就是离合法）可知，第三段介绍了一种记忆技巧。C项Another more complicated mnemonic technique is called a mind palace.（另一种更复杂的记忆技巧叫做思维宫殿）符合文意。C项中的another与上文中的this相互照应。故选C。【5
105、0题详解】根据上文Anatomically, the scans showed there was no difference in brain structure or region size between the groups.（从解剖学上看，扫描结果显示两组人的大脑结构和区域大小没有差异）及下文And whats more, after they gave the naive control group training in the method of loci, their neural connectivity began to look more like that of th
106、e pros.（更重要的是，在他们用基因座的方法进行了“幼稚”的对照组训练之后，他们的神经连接性开始变得更像专家的神经连接性）可知，此处要介绍从另一个角度发现的差异。B项Where the difference was observed was in connectivity.（我们观察到的差异是在连通性方面）符合文意。故选B。【点睛】七选五题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断，虽然文章整体难度一般低于阅读理解，但是却给很多同学造成了很大的心理障碍。七个选项中选五个，比四个选项中选一个，感觉干扰性更大，很大同学在做这个题目时，总有一种眼花缭乱、心烦气躁的感觉，致使往往正确率不高。在这里提醒同学们，首
107、先要克服心理障碍，同时要注意方式方法。其次，注意设空前后的句子，因为这些句子之间是顺承和联系的，所有一定要联系和理解上下文的语境。例如第2小题，根据上文There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory function.（一个人可以做一些相对简单的事情来帮助改善他们的记忆功能）可知，此处在介绍一些可以改善记忆功能的一些相对简单的事情。E项Eating and sleeping right will lead to optimal brain function, the fl
108、ow-on effect of which is a better memory.（正确的饮食和睡眠会使大脑功能达到最佳状态，从而带来更好的记忆力）可知，Eating and sleeping就是简单的事情，因此可知E项符合文意。故选E。. Summary Writing51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as poss
109、ible.“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for t
110、his return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached. Besides, a high divorce rate and a
111、 declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continue
112、s to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It is ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families
113、, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hi
114、de away to meet them at friends houses.”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen th
115、e relationship between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is defini
116、tely a stress for them.【答案】There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18and a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. Living at home,continues to give our security and moral support.And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal fre
117、edom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是成年后的孩子回到父母家里和父母同住的利与弊。【详解】要点摘录“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the Un
118、iversity of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support.And aging parents, who should be enjoying
119、some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3和第四个要点分别进行整合。3.遣词造句There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18 and a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.Li
120、ving at home,continues to give our security and moral support. And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.【点睛】高分句型1 There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home
121、 when they are 18and a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中that引导同位语从句表达高级。高分句型2 And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.用who引导的非限制性定语从句和whic
122、h引导的非限制性定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets52. 科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应。（adaption）（汉译英）【答案】The scientists marvel at the plants quick adaption to the city environment.【解析】分析】【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“科学家们”应用复数名词s
123、cientists，作主语；表示“惊叹于”短语为marvel at，此处用一般现在时；表示“这些植物对城市环境的快速适应”可翻译为the plants quick adaption to the city environment。故翻译为The scientists marvel at the plants quick adaption to the city environment.53. 维生素片能否替代食物我们提供足够能量仍然未知。 (remain) （汉译英）【答案】It remains unknown whether vitamin pills can replace food to
124、 provide enough energy for us.【解析】【详解】考查it作形式主语，主语从句和固定短语。“.仍然未知”需用sth. remain unknown，句中未知的事情是“维生素片能否替代食物为我们提供足够能量”，是一个完整的句子，因此可用it作句子的形式主语，句子描述客观事实，it为单数，因此其后的remain用第三人称单数，即It remains unknown.，翻译“维生素片能否替代食物为我们提供足够能量”时可用whether来引导，“维生素片”为vitamin pill，此处不止一片，pill应用复数；“代替”为replace；“食物”为food，用不定式表目的，
125、“为我们提供足够能量”翻译为provide enough energy for us，因此可翻译为whether vitamin pills can replace food to provide enough energy for us，整合后整句话翻译为“It remains unknown whether vitamin pills can replace food to provide enough energy for us”。故答案为It remains unknown whether vitamin pills can replace food to provide enough
126、 energy for us。54. 最让我担心的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外，似乎对周围的一切都视而不见。（concern）（汉译英）【答案】What concerns me most is that the kid seems to be blind to everything around him but online games.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查主语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为what引导的主语从句，表示“使担心”应用动词concern，此处为一般现在时；后跟that引导的表语从句；从句中主语为the kid；表示“似乎”短语为seem to do sth.；表示“对周围的一切
127、都视而不见”短语为be blind to everything around him；表示“除了在线游戏”可翻译为but online games。句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为What concerns me most is that the kid seems to be blind to / to turn a blind eye to everything around him but online games.55. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。（The moment）（汉译英）【答案】The moment my aunt gained her diploma af
128、ter four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为the moment引导的时间状语从句，从句中主语为my aunt；表示“获得文凭”短语为gain diploma，此处应用一般过去时；表示“苦读四年之后”短语为after four years of hard work；主句主语为she；表示“欣喜万分”短语为be filled with joy，应用一般过去时。故翻译为The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years
129、of hard work, she was filled with joy. Guided Writing56. Write an English composition in 120)-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明后中学的李华，你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，给出理由（信的格式已给）。_【答案】Dear Li Nan,Hearing that you have developed a new ap
130、p of students sharing clothes, I feel truly proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app. The reasons are as follows.To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learn that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness of wearing my clothes. I
131、t feels like you are emotionally connecting someone in your clothes. Then I may naturally wish to know more about that particular “someone” and probably further deepen our relationship. In the end, a good friendship between me and my clothes mate might be built based on our common clothes. Whats mor
132、e, if other students can try my clothes through the app. In turn, I also can try their new clothes. Therefore, students can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money.Whats more important is that sharing my clothes will take full use of them. In todays material society, ther
133、e are so many parents who prepare lots of clothes for their beloved children for different occasions, such as a dress for the party, gym suit for indoor sports. Moreover, the clothes can only realize their true value after they are put on a persons body.To summarize, sharing my clothes on your app b
134、enefits others and me.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于共享衣服观点的书信。【详解】根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于共享衣服观点的书信，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服；表示祝贺；自己的观点；理由；总结。第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：develop a new app（开发了一款软件），share clothes（共享衣服），feel proud of（感到自豪），emotionally connect someone（情感上连接某人），realize thei
135、r true value（实现真正的价值）等。第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合书信的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。定语从句的使用To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learn that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness of wearing my clothes.名词性从句的使用Whats more important is that sharing my clothes will take full use of them.非谓语动词的使用Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing clothes, I feel truly proud of your novel idea.
