1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家 哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（7）及答案If women are mercilessly exploited（剥削） year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big
2、stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford
3、 to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rare
4、ly concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability （耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his li
5、fe smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, ref
6、lect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability（稳定耐用）? That is for you to decide.45. Designers and big stores always make money _.A. by
7、mercilessly exploiting women in the clothing industryB. because they are good at predicting new fashionsC. by constantly changing the fashions in womens clothingD. as they attach great importance to quality in womens clothing46. To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses i
8、s seen as _.A. a waste of money B. a waste of timeC. an expression of taste D. an expression of beauty47. New fashions in clothing are created for _.A. the commercial exploitation of womenB. the womens strength of characterC. basic qualities of inconstancy and instabilityD. an important contribution
9、 to society48. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. womens inconstancy in choosing clothes is often laughed atB. women are better able to put up with discomfortC. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion参考答案45-48 CBAD *结束动词及动词短语精
10、讲教案一、短语动词的构成英语中的动词高考资源网,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式:1.动词 + 介词I agree with (与看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class.2.动词 + 副词I cant figure out (理解)why he said that.Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago
11、.3.动词 + 副词+ 介词We dont go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing.I couldnt put up with (忍受)the noise any longer.在动词+副词+介词的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开.另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较:(1) The lights went out.(2) He put on his coat and went out.例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由动词+副词构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)
12、不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语. 一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，会有两种情况：一是其应用语境和词义会有不同；二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是，可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give”，I will give，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例，“listen”，I am listening，意思完整，不用加宾语意思就完
13、整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listen to me，一定要加介词。 例如：The children are listening to the music. （listen是不及物动词) we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)二、及物与不及物短语动词由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如:
14、He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)There is often a spectators balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词) 及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。 The 16th National Book Fair h
15、eld in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（错误）在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语；如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成：The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（正确）及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于：主谓宾；主
16、谓双宾；主谓宾宾补结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take,
17、tell.b主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与：主谓结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作开始讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有
18、：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt.种植play
19、 vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言）hang vi. 悬挂 vt.绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作三、及物短语动词宾语的位置w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如:I am looking for my glasses.2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如:I am going to see the guests off at the airport this
20、 afternoon.3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如:Well have to put off the party. 或者Well have to put the party off.4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如:I am looking into it.5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up.四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如:He insisted on b
21、uying this car.2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如:Most of the members called on the mayor to resign.3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，注意使用上的区别例如：a. My English has improved a lot.b. My English has been improved a lot.同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实，并不含有是怎样提高的；而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如
22、： My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher).回到本文这个作文题目，表达“书市开幕”，使用动词open，就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法，如：The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为不及物动词；The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为及物动词。英语里的动词，大部分都是兼有及物
23、和不及物用法，在使用中要特别加以注意。4. 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上要注意不要引起歧义有很多动词还具有其他词性，例如：like可以是动词，还可以是介词。例如：I like playing football very much. （like为及物动词）I dont feel like playing football right now.（like为介词）open可以是动词，还可以是形容词。例如：The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（open为动词）The 16th National Book Fai
24、r was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. （open为形容词）需要注意的是，在使用动词open时，更强调动作，所以对应开幕当天；而要使用形容词open时，更强调状态，所以对应开幕时间段，句子中的介词使用了“from（to）”动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境，还要注意，由于词性不同，可能词义也不同，不要由于误用引起歧义，闹出笑话。*结束AFive years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,”
25、 he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes, pants and sports shirt to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 来More and more
26、companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dres
27、s-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a co
28、mpany to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are
29、 wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also a
30、rgue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” 56. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _.A. he often wore pants
31、 and a sports shirtB. he couldnt stand a clean appearanceC. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timeD. he didnt want to spend much money on clothes57. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _.A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he
32、looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company58. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday
33、” was first given as a favor from employers.D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.参考答案56-58 CAC *结束 Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In man
34、y American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a
35、student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regu
36、lar practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to future employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in stud
37、ent affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a
38、 student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will be of benefit to him later in his career.59Normally a student would at least attend _ cl
39、asses each week.A36 B12 C20 D1560According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to _.A. live in a different universityB. take a particular course in a different universityC. live at home and drive to schoolD. get two degrees from two different universities61American university stude
40、nts are usually under pressure of work because _.A. their academic performance will affect their future careersB. they are heavily involved in student affairsC. they have to obey university disciplineD. they want to run for positions of authority62Some students are enthusiastic for position in stude
41、nt organizations probably because _.A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB. they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC. such positions help them get better jobsD. such positions are usually well paid63The student organizations seem to be effective in _.A. dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB. ensuring that the students obey university regulationsC. evaluating students performance by bringing them before a courtD. keeping up the students enthusiasm for social activities.参考答案59-63 BBACB - 10 - 版权所有高考资源网
