1、Section Grammar & Writing情态动词阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1The invention of printing about this time meant that knowledge could be recorded and shared as never before.2Li Bai must have had a strange life.3He cant have been interested in a normal job.4I think all poems should have rhymes.5I would love to quote y
2、ou some modern poems if I could.情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等，但本身意义不完整，不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的不定式(即动词原形)连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。一、shall的用法1用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。What shall we do next?我们下一步做什么？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。You shal
3、l get an answer from me by tomorrow.到明天你就会得到我的答复的。Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.告诉杰瑞如果他表现好的话，就会得到一份礼物。二、will/would的用法1表示意愿或决心。will指现在，would指过去。He will study hard to be a good student.他决心努力学习，做一名好学生。They said that they would help us.他们说过会帮助我们的。2表示请求或猜想与推测。Will/Would you help me wi
4、th my English？(请求)你可以帮我学习英语吗？It would be about 8 oclock when he left home.(推测)他离开家的时候应该是8点左右。3表示习惯性动作，译作“总是；惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.鱼离开水活不成。She would sit at the table，deep in thought.她总是坐在桌边，陷入深思。4would可表示“过去常常”，但不涉及现在的情况；used to也表示“过去常常”，但暗示了现在不再有这个习惯。He used to make a lot
5、of trouble.他过去常制造许多麻烦。(现在不是了)Tom would watch TV the whole evening.汤姆以前整晚都在看电视。(不知道现在的情况)三、should的用法1用于表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲，可与ought to互换。You should/ought to go and see Mary sometime.你应该找个时间去看看玛丽。2用于表示推测，译作“很可能”或“该”。是介于必然性与可能性之间的一种推测，说明说话人对客观事物的真实性做出较大可能性的判断。It should be Mike who has taken away all the mate
6、rials.很有可能是迈克拿走了所有的材料。3should表示惊异，意为“居然；竟然”。As I left the house，who should come to meet me but my old friend Sam.正当我离开家时，来找我的不是别人，竟然是我的老朋友萨姆。4可用在if引导的条件从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.万一你见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话。四、may/might的用法1表示允许、许可。否定回答时，一般要用mustnt，表示“禁止，阻
7、止”之意。May I turn on the CD player?我可以打开CD播放机吗？No，you mustnt.不，不行。2在表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。用“May I.？”征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，日常口语中，用“Can I.？”征询对方意见更为常见。Might I take the liberty of pointing out your mistakes?我可不可以冒昧地指出你的错误？3表示可能性的推测，含有“或许；大概；可能”之意，用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。John is absent.He may/might
8、 be ill.约翰没来。他可能病了。4may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you have a happy life.祝你生活幸福。五、can/could的用法1表示“能力”。Can you finish the work in such a short time?在这么短的时间内你能完成这项工作吗？名师点津can和be able to都表示能力，在意义上没有区别。但can只有现在时和过去时，而be able to则有更多的时态形式。如果表示过去某时做成了某事，常用was/were able to，而不用could。The fire was very big but everyone was
9、 able to escape from the building.火势很凶，但大家都逃了出去。2表示“可能性”，常用于疑问句和否定句中，指“某事是否是事实”。That cant be Mary，for she is in hospital.那不可能是玛丽，因为她在住院。3表示“请求”和“许可”(could用来表示“请求”时，是委婉的说法，回答时只能用can)。You can take the car if you want.你要用车就尽管用。六、must/have to的用法1表示“必须，应该”，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式为mustnt，意思是“不许，禁止”。You
10、 mustnt smoke in public places.你不准在公共场合吸烟。2表示推测时，口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定句，意思是“一定，准是”。She must be tired after such a long walk.走了这么长的路，她一定很累。3must引导的疑问句，否定回答用dont have to或neednt。Must I tell him in advance?我必须提前告诉他吗？No，you dont have to/neednt.不，你不必。4表示一个人所做的事让对方不太满意，有“偏偏，偏要”之意。If you must smoke，please go outsid
11、e.如果你偏要抽烟，请到外面去。七、情态动词havedone的用法1musthave过去分词：表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“肯定，一定”，仅用于肯定句。It must have been around nine oclock when I drove back home because it was already dark.我开车回家时肯定是九点左右了，因为天已经黑了。2may/mighthave过去分词：用于肯定句和否定句，表示对已经发生的事情的推测，相当于“可能；大概”。might结构还表虚拟，表示过去本可能发生的事，但事实并非如此。Philip may/might have been
12、 hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤。He might have gone to the gas station，but I am not sure.他可能去了加油站，但我不确定。3should/ought tohave过去分词：一般用于虚拟语气，肯定句表示过去没有发生但却应该发生的事，意为“本应”；否定句表示过去发生了本不该发生的事，意为“本不该”。You should have come to the laboratory if you were really serious about your research.如果你真的对
13、你的研究负责的话，你应该来实验室的。They shouldnt have given him so much money only because he asked for.他们本不应该仅仅因为他要求就给他这么多钱。4can(not)have过去分词：对过去(不)可能发生的事进行推测，多用于否定句和疑问句。He cant have finished the work so soon.他不可能这么快就把工作做完了。Where can Mary have put the empty bottles?玛丽可能会把空瓶子放在哪里呢？5could(not)have过去分词：表示过去的时间里某事可能(不可
14、能)已经发生；也表示过去本能(不能)做而未做(做了)的事。My mother came here by bus，but she could have taken a taxi.我妈妈坐公交车来的，但她本可以坐出租车来的。I met him at the hospital yesterday afternoon，so he couldnt have attended your lecture.我昨天下午在医院碰见他了，所以他不可能听你演讲。.单句语法填空1It _not be our headmaster.He has gone to America.2Why _you interrupt me
15、 while Im watching TV?3You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman_be so rude to a lady.4(2016北京高考)I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.5(2016天津高考)It was really annoying；I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.【答案】1.can2.must3.should4.neednt5.couldnt.单句改
16、错1He must put his wallet somewhere else last night._2Someone has cleaned the room.Who may it be?_3It mustnt be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock._4He can come this afternoon，but he said he wasnt certain what his plans were._5My MP5 isnt in my bag.Where must I have put it?_【答案】1.must后加have2
17、.maycan/could3mustntcant4.canmay/might5.mustcan/could如何写诗评诗评的写作大致可分为以下几个步骤：1简述诗歌内容。当然这必须建立在很好地把握原诗主旨的基础之上，而非罗列原诗的诗句。2谈谈自己的感受。一首好的诗歌，自然有动人之处。可侧重诗中最打动你的某一方面抒发自己的感想。3欣赏诗歌。好的诗歌应该能做到形式和内容的统一，所以我们欣赏诗歌的着眼点也不能离开这两个方面。根据高考的要求，中学阶段的诗评不可能做过多的发挥，所以只要掌握了基本的写作步骤，满足题目的写作要求，这种日常训练较少的写作项目也并不难把握。写作任务请阅读下面这首小诗，然后按要求与提
18、示写一篇100词左右的短文。A Poem of an Iraqi ChildMum is tearing.Dad，where did you go?I am scared from heart to soul.Mum and I needed you so much.But what happened？People say that I am too young to know.I heard the terrible sound and smelled the smoke.Dad，come back.But what happened？I dont know.Mum and I love y
19、ou so much.Dad，where did you go?She says you will be back.Mum and I missed you so much.With good news and hope.审题谋篇体裁诗评话题诗歌时态一般现在时为主人称第三人称遣词造句.词汇1_处于交战状态2_ 遭受3_ 毫无意义4_ 渴望和平5_ 打动我的心【答案】1.at war2.suffer3.meaningless4.long for peace5.touch my heart.句式1This is a poem.It was written by an Iraqi child.(用分
20、词作定语合并句子)_【答案】This is a poem written by an Iraqi child.2The description is simple and to the point.The meaning of the poem is rich.(用状语从句合并句子)_【答案】Though the description is simple and to the point，the meaning of the poem is rich.妙笔成篇_【参考范文】This is a poem written by an Iraqi child.We are shown，rather
21、 than told that Iraq is at war.The childs father has gone to the battlefield for their freedom.Iraqi people are suffering a lot from the war.To a small child war seems meaningless，but father means much to him and the family.They are longing for the peace.The poem touches my heart.It truly brings tea
22、rs to my eyes.One obvious meaning of the description is that how much peace means to a country and its people. Although the description is simple and to the point，the meaning of the poem is rich.They have to be separated at the moment，however，they still have the hope in their mind.They believe the v
23、ictory will belong to them.And they are looking forward to the day.学业分层测评(十八).完成句子1地面湿了，昨晚肯定下雨了。It _last night.The ground is wet.2门锁着，他不可能在家。The door was locked.He _at home.3我们本应该先核对一下时间再动身的。We _the time before we left.4这儿，在一年的这个时候天气可能非常冷。It _at this time of year here.5我很惊讶你居然用那种口气说话。Im surprised th
24、at you_in such a way.【答案】1.must have rained2.can not have been3should have checked4.can be very cold5should speak.阅读理解AThe Chinese Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu is often called the sage (圣人) of poetry.Unlike Li Bai，this poet wrote in various styles, and his works were often innovative (创新的) in language an
25、d subject matter.His poems were also filled with meaning.His innovation was not at all welcome.The readers of his time rarely showed much appreciation for his original and innovative works.The masses in fact hated and scolded them.Like many artists，Du Fu was only recognized for his genius long after
26、 his death.Du Fu was born in Luoyang of Henan.Although he came from an influential literary family，his early attempts to gain a position in the government by way of the exam system failed repeatedly.He was 43 years old when he finally managed to hold an official position.This was the time when Emper
27、or Xuanzong was attracted to the beautiful Yang Yuhuan and made her his concubine (妃子)，which Du Fu severely criticized in his Song of the Beautiful Ladies.As the emperor got distracted (分心) from important government affairs，some military leaders were becoming too powerful.Du Fu took office in 755，an
28、d in the same year a rebel leader An Lushan led his army into the capital of Tang Dynasty.The emperor fled to the west and left the governing of the state to his son.Du Fu and his family took the road north to escape the rebels.The poet left his family and tried to get to the headquarters of the new
29、 emperor，but he was caught and held prisoner by the rebels in Changan.After order was restored again，Du Fu got back his position in the capital.However，he did not enjoy the favor of the new emperor and was given a minor provincial post.In 759 he finally left this disgraceful position and spent the r
30、est of his life wandering around the country.【语篇解读】本文介绍了唐朝诗人杜甫的生平。1What do we know about Li Bais poems?AThey were consistent in style.BThey were like the poems of Du Fu.CThey used more complex language.DThey were written in various styles.【解析】推理判断题。第一段说明，杜甫的诗歌风格多样，这点跟李白的诗歌不同。由此推断，李白的诗歌风格一致。【答案】A2Wha
31、t can we infer from the third paragraph?ADu Fu didnt like to be an official.BDu Fu was not loyal to the emperor.CDu Fu became an official in his 30s.DDu Fu was concerned about government affairs.【解析】推理判断题。对于唐玄宗和杨贵妃的事情，杜甫在诗歌中加以猛烈抨击，说明他关心政务。【答案】D3What happened in the late years of Du Fus life?AHe chan
32、ged his writing style.BHe wandered around the country.CHe was called back by the emperor.DHe enjoyed his minor provincial post.【解析】细节理解题。从文章最后一段最后一句可知，杜甫的余生在全国飘零。【答案】B4What is the text mainly about?ADu Fus life.BDu Fus poetry.CThe rule of Emperor Xuanzong.DDu Fus political career.【解析】主旨大意题。综览全文，文章前面
33、对杜甫的诗歌略做介绍，后面又重点介绍了他的生平。【答案】ABThroughout the history of the arts，the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists.No matter what objects they select，artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause changeto find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(
34、风景) is another unchanging element of art.It can be found from ancient times through the 17thcentury Dutch painters to the 19thcentury romanticists and impressionists.In the 1970s，Alfred Leslie，one of the new American realists，continued this practice.Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole
35、，a romanticist，had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before.Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature，Leslie paints what he actually sees.In his paintings，there is no particular change in emotion，and he includes ordinary things
36、 like the highway in the background.He also takes advantage of the latest development of colour photography (摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.Besides，all art begs the ageold question：What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their u
37、nderstanding of reality in one form or another.The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects，the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes，and the CroMagnon caved people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests.To sum up，understanding reality is a nec
38、essary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant.Past or present，Eastern or Western，the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience.Many and different are the faces of art，and together they express the basic need and h
39、ope of human beings.5The underlined word “poetry” most probably means_.Aan object for artistic creationBa collection of poemsCan unusual qualityDa natural scene【解析】细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话可以看出艺术家展现出的是人们以前没有看见或体验到的非同一般的品质。【答案】C6What is the authors opinion of artistic reality?AIt will not be found in future wo
40、rks of art.BIt does not have a longlasting standard.CIt is expressed in a fixed artistic form.DIt is lacking in modern works of art.【解析】推理判断题。只有B项与作者的观点相吻合。A、C、D三项都偏离了文章内容。【答案】B7What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?AThey express peoples curiosity about the past.BThey mak
41、e people interested in everyday experience.CThey are considered important for variety in form.DThey are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.【解析】推理判断题。从文章最后一句话可以找到根据。虽然艺术的形式是多种多样的，但它们一起表达了人类的基本需求和希望。【答案】D8Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?AHistory of the arts.BBasic ques
42、tions of the arts.CNew development in the arts.DUse of modern technology in the arts.【解析】细节理解题。由文章中第三段第一句可知。【答案】B.语法填空One evening I was resting in a caf.I wore a pair of 1._ (new) bought white leather shoes，which were rather expensive.Then a boy came to me.He was in 2._ old and not fit shirt，looking
43、 pale and about eleven.No 3._ (soon) had I begun to speak than he opened the box in his hand and took out the tools of shoepolishing.He was busy doing his work 4._ heavy rain began to pour down.People rushed to the caf for 5._ (protect) from the rain.More and more people crowded in and gradually sep
44、arated the boy from me.Hours passed，and 6._ turned dark.I had no shoes on my feet and 7._ (wonder) where the boy had been.I thought I would have to go home on my bare feet.When it was near midnight，the caf was to be closed.I had to move to the door，just as I went to the gate，I 8._ (surprise) found t
45、hat a boy of about eleven，9._ (look) very familiar，was sleeping at the door with his head leaning 10._ a box.I shook him slightly and woke him up.He opened the package hurriedly，gave me my leather shoes，and apologized to me shyly.On my way home，the image of the boy stayed in my mind.【语篇解读】“我”在咖啡馆休息时
46、，一个男孩走上来为“我”擦鞋；随后躲雨的人群将“我”俩冲散了，正当“我”犹豫是否光着脚回家时，“我”发现了擦鞋的男孩1newly考查词性转换。修饰动词bought需用new的副词形式newly。2an考查不定冠词。泛指“一件的衬衫”，应用不定冠词；old的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。3sooner考查固定结构。no sooner.than.意为“一就”，是固定结构。4when考查连词。sb.was doing.when.意为“某人正在做突然”，when在此用作并列连词。5protection考查词性转换。由前面的介词for可知，此处应用名词形式。6it考查it的用法。此处指“天气”，
47、故用it。7wondered考查时态。由本文的主体时态可知应用一般过去时，故填wondered。8surprisedly考查词性转换。修饰动词用副词形式，且此处表示“人感到惊讶地”，故用surprisedly。9looking考查非谓语动词。look在此用作系动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，故用现在分词形式。10against/on考查介词。lean against/on意为“斜靠在”。.短文改错 【导学号：72880042】One day，I saw a poster which reads that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” woul
48、d be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.With my parents encourage，I joined in the contest.At first I felt at loss about my speech draft.After referred to some magazines，I got down to my draft.Having tailored it for several time，I practiced my speech at home every day.My parents were
49、more than pleased to see us so devoted.Then came the day for my speech.A few nervous as I was，I managed to deliver my speech fluently.Ive learned a lot of from the contest.Confidence comes hand to hand with adequate preparations.Well prepared，I can do everything successful.【答案】One day，I saw a poster
50、 which that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.With my parents，I joined in the contest.At first I felt at loss about my speech draft.After to some magazines，I got down to my draft.Having tailored it for several ，I practiced my speech at home every day.My parents were more than pleased to see so devoted.Then came the day for my speech.A nervous as I was，I managed to deliver my speech fluently.Ive learned a lot of from the contest.Confidence comes hand hand with adequate preparations.Well prepared，I can do everything .
