1、语法专题突破 专题一 名词、数词、形容词、副词英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引增素能 精准突破测效果 课堂评价增素能 精准突破 一、名词的数【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human)are.2.(2021全国乙卷)(activity)there range from whale watching t
2、o hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.3.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower)to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.humans Activitieswatchtowers
3、单句改错 4.(2021全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of the same age and can understand each other.5.(2021全国乙卷)I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.6.(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.friendfr
4、iendsdishdisheschopstickchopsticks7.(2020全国卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.8.(2020全国卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.9.(2019全国卷)To everyones surprising,the ball went into the net.10.(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playground
5、cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.vacationsvacation familiesfamily surprisingsurprise playerplayers 11.(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid,Ive considered different job I would like to do.12.(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.jobjobscitycities【用法点拨】1.名词的复数变化规则
6、 一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es,例如:mapmaps,seaseas,girlgirls,daydays 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,例如:familyfamilies,babybabies,armyarmies,bodybodies 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s,例如:boyboys,toytoys 以-f或-fe结尾的词,变-f和-fe为v再加-es或-s,例如:knifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves,thiefthieves,halfhalves,loafloaves,shelfshelves 少数以-f或-fe结尾
7、的词加-s,例如:beliefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,proofproofs,roofroofs 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es,例如:classclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,dishdishes 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词,一般加-s,例如:radioradios,bamboobamboos,zoozoos 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词加-es,例如:heroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes 以-th结尾的名词加-s,例如:truthtruths,mouthmouths,monthmonths,pa
8、thpaths 2.名词复数的不规则变化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式,例如:manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,mousemice,goosegeese,toothteeth 在词尾加-en或-ren,例如:childchildren,oxoxen 单复数相同,例如:species,sheep,deer,fish,series,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss 只有复数形式,例如:trousers,clothes,goods 一些集体名词用作复数,例如:people,police 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员),例如:audi
9、ence,class,family,group二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021新高考全国卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the (hot)the spring!2.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what (go
10、od)than to ride on a piece of history!3.(2021浙江卷)When the house was built,it was much (small)than it is today.hotterbetter smaller 4.(2020全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine)work,so that he could choose the best.5.
11、(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are (high)than they actually are.finest higher单句改错 6.(2021全国甲卷)In my opinion,when in trouble,we should seek help from those we trust mostly.7.(20
12、21全国乙卷)Whats most,doing housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study.mostlymost mostmore 8.(2020全国卷)Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China.See you sooner.9.(2019全国卷)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.sooners
13、oon 去掉more【用法点拨】形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化 单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est,例如:smallsmallersmallest greatgreatergreatest hardharderhardest 以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st,例如:finefinerfinest ableablerablest 以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est,例如:thinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest bigbiggerbiggest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的
14、词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est,例如:happyhappierhappiest earlyearlierearliest 多音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词,在原级前加more和most。例如:carefulmore carefulmost careful difficultmore difficultmost difficult 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good,well better best bad,ill worse worst many,much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furth
15、est old older/elder oldest/eldest 三、词性转换(一)名词与形容词之间的转换 【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021全国乙卷)Provide (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.2.(2021全国甲卷).we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day)routines.financialdaily3.
16、(2021新高考全国卷)I told him how (harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.4.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if youre (luck)enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if you can join in when its possible.5.(2020全国卷)The (beauty)long branch
17、es covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.harmful luckybeautiful6.(2020新高考全国卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries,(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.7.(2019全国卷)“.We are so proud of her.Its (wonder).”8.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us m
18、any (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.9.(2020全国卷)Filled with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.10.(2020新高考全国卷)Historical (accurate)is important but so is entertainment.11.(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular_ (interesting)to scientists b
19、ecause it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).wealthywonderfultraditionalcuriosityaccuracyinterest【用法点拨】名词转换为形容词的常见后缀-ial officeofficial官方的;societysocial社会的-al musicmusical音乐的;personpersonal私人的;nationnational国家的;educationeducational教育的;traditiontraditional传统的-y rainrainy多雨的;wealthwealthy 富裕的;sunsunny晴朗的;
20、healthhealthy健康的-ful/-less wonderwonderful极好的;beautybeautiful漂亮的;homehomeless无家可归的;meaningmeaningful有意义的/meaningless无意义的-ary revolutionrevolutionary革命的-able reasonreasonable有道理的;comfortcomfortable舒适的 其他 sciencescientific科学的;energyenergetic精力充沛的;foolfoolish愚蠢的 形容词转换为名词的常见后缀 -ity responsibleresponsibi
21、lity 责任;curiouscuriosity 好奇心-cy fluentfluency流利;privateprivacy 隐私;私密;accurateaccuracy精确;efficientefficiency 效率,功效-ness happyhappiness快乐;kindkindness友好-dom freefreedom自由;wisewisdom智慧-th truetruth真相;warmwarmth温暖;widewidth宽度;deepdepth深(度);strongstrength力量;longlength 长度-ty safesafety 安全;cruelcruelty 残酷,
22、残暴-y honesthonesty诚实;difficultdifficulty困难-ence differentdifference 不同(之处);silentsilence 寂静;patientpatience耐心;absentabsence 缺席;presentpresence 出席;confidentconfidence 信心;convenientconvenience方便-ance importantimportance 重要(性)(二)动词转换为名词 【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism.
23、and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop)of the local areas.2.(2021新高考全国卷)A company (represent)wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.developmentrepresentative3.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for$1
24、,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their (marry)ceremony in 1842.4.(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.5.(2019全国卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
25、(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.6.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a (believe)that populations are increasing.marriagecelebrationcompetitionbelief【用法点拨】动词转换为名词的常见后缀-ment movemovemen
26、t移动;pavepavement人行道;disappointdisappointment 失望;argueargument 辩论,论据;achieveachievement 成就;developdevelopment 发展-age marrymarriage婚姻;storestorage短缺-ion/-tion/-ation/-ition inventinvention发明;communicatecommunication交流;associateassociation关联;translatetranslation翻译;expect expectation 期待,期望;explain expla
27、nation 解释;addaddition添加,加法-ure failfailure 失败,没做到;presspressure 压力;mixmixture 混合,混合物;departdeparture离开,出发-ance/-ence appearappearance 出现,外貌;preferpreference 偏爱;guideguidance 指引,指导;referreference 参考,查阅;performperformance 表演,节目;existexistence 存在,生存-al approve approval 赞成;arrivearrival到达;survive surviv
28、al 幸存-s(s)ion discuss discussion 讨论;decidedecision 决定-ing hear hearing 听力,听觉;begin beginning 开始部分;swimswimming游泳 -y recover recovery恢复,痊愈;discover discovery发现 其他 believebelief信仰;behavebehavior行为;knowknowledge知识;begbeggar乞丐(三)形容词转换为副词 【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021新高考全国卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mount
29、ain is something you must try after the climb.It will (undoubted)help you get refreshed!2.(2020全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is (extreme)challenging.3.(2020全国卷)Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo”plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.(certain)during the holiday period,this pl
30、ant is a must.undoubtedly extremelyCertainly4.(2020全国卷)As the small boat moved,(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.5.(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor)studied
31、.6.(2019全国卷)Her years of hard work have (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman of the Year.7.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were (huge)popular with tourists.gentlypoorly finallyhugely 单句改错 8.(2020全国卷)Today I trie
32、d cooking a simply dish myself.9.(2020全国卷)Im surely youll have a good time.10.(2020全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again,such that we can practice together every day.11.(2020全国卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health,she makes specific plans for us.simplysimplesurelysuresuch
33、sosurelysure12.(2019全国卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.13.(2019全国卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.14.(2019全国卷)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.hardlyhardcoollycoolordinarilyordinary【用法点拨】1.形容词转换为副词的规则 一般情
34、况下形容词后直接加-ly,例如:quickquickly;apparentapparently;eventualeventually 以辅音字母加y结尾的,一般把y变为i再加-ly,例如:luckyluckily;happyhappily 以字母le结尾的,一般去e加-y,例如:simplesimply;horriblehorribly 以ll结尾的,直接加-y,例如:fullfully 以ic结尾的,加-ally,例如:basicbasically 有些单词的形容词和副词同形,例如:hard,fast,early,late 2.形容词转换为副词的常见后缀-ly happyhappily快乐地
35、;strangestrangely奇怪地;gentlegently轻轻地;truetruly真实地;extremeextremely极度地-ward(s)backbackward(s)向后;homehomeward(s)向家;easteastward(s)往东-wise clockclockwise顺时针方向的 其他副词 foremost 首先 northwest向西北 best 最好 sooner更快地 later后来【名师点睛】以-ly结尾不一定是副词,也可能是形容词,如:friendly友好的;yearly 每年的;lovely可爱的;lonely孤单的;likely 可能发生的(四)动
36、词转换为形容词 【真题语境】单句语法填空 1.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate)about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.2.(2021新高考全国卷)Strange,isnt it?But thats how nature isalways leaving us (astonish).3.I was s
37、o (excite)when he wrote back to me.educated astonishedexcited【用法点拨】动词转换为形容词的常见后缀-ed excite excited感到兴奋的;surprisesurprised感到吃惊的-ing amazeamazing令人惊奇的;interestinteresting令人感兴趣的-able eateatable可食用的;affordaffordable负担得起的-ful forgetforgetful健忘的-y sticksticky黏的;shineshiny发光的-tive attractattractive吸引人的;pre
38、ventpreventive预防的(五)基数词转换为序数词 单句语法填空(2021新高考全国卷)Ive always loved the ocean.In the (seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.【用法点拨】序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以y结尾的基数词变序数词,先把y变为i,再加-eth。例如:the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通
39、常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一”“又一”时,要用不定冠词。seventh测效果 课堂评价 一、练时鲜 单句语法填空 1.The (popular)of the Chinese-owned video-sharing service TikTok(抖音)continues to grow among young people.2.The bikes are popular among many Chinese people as they provide an (effect)solution in places where its difficult to change
40、from one kind of transport to another.popularityeffective3.The use of AI technology provides a (broad)platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.4.By monitoring your energy use and (automatic)turning off lights and other devices that youre not using,smartphones ca
41、n lower much electricity you use overall.5.But now,in the age of the Internet and social media,anyone with an Internet (connect)can enjoy a social eating event.broader automaticallyconnection单句改错 1.Six weeks ago,I participated in a city marathon for amateur which was being organized to help raise mo
42、ney for charity.2.In addition,you can always enjoy a variety of taste food.3.I am delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese folk culture and determined to do practically research in a place of China.amateuramateurstastetasty practicallypractical 4.Its one of the host city for the 2022 Win
43、ter Olympics.5.Your participation will sure make much difference.6.After a quickly breakfast,I went to the gym to work out.citycitiessuresurely quicklyquick二、练模拟 语法填空 1.(2021安徽黄山二模)Governments at all levels keep an open and encouraging attitude toward the development of the digital economy and (acti
44、ve)cooperate with digital companies to better identify and help the poor.2.(2021山东烟台一模)The area contains a forest that has turned into a peaceful and (harmony)world for both people and birds.3.(2021山东菏泽一模)For example,most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them (pretty)than b
45、efore.activelyharmoniousprettier4.(2021广东联考)In the 1840s,the (invent)of the railway allowed a wider range of people to visit the beach,as it was a cheaper way to travel than before.5.(2021山西太原模拟)Mental health problems can range from tiredness and eating disorders to depression and (anxious).6.(2021山
46、东济南模考)The brothers understand that robotics takes (patient)and lots of time.7.(2021安徽合肥二模)Drawing upon the grape-cultivation and wine-making practices of European chateaux,China produced fifteen (variety)of brandy,red wine and white wine.inventionanxiety patiencevarieties8.(2021山东济宁一模)There is no de
47、nying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and (rely),especially during“Chunyun”.9.(2021湖北武汉质检)Last year a bunch of courageous scientists and Sherpas installed(安装)the worlds (high)weather station at 8,430 metres,just 400 metres short of Qomolangmas summit(顶点).10.(2021山东潍坊一模)“Wit
48、h these numbers increasing (sharp),its not surprising that youre seeing them in some unusual places,”says Browna biologist,“including the Hudson River and Staten Island.”reliablehighestsharply单句改错 1.(2022安徽名校联盟第一次质检)The competition caught a great number of students attention.2.(2021安徽合肥三模)The beauti
49、ful scenery gave me a sense of refresh and life.3.(2021山西太原三模)It is a form of communication.I couldnt agree with her much.studentsstudentsrefreshrefreshment muchmore 4.(2022吉林长春质量监测一)After finishing our work,I imagined how comfortably our teachers would feel while writing on the blackboard!5.(2022广西
50、第一次名校大联考)About twenty minute later,we arrived at the apartment.6.(2022贵州贵阳摸底)In conclusion,we should have a well understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more fortablycomfortable minuteminuteswellgood三、练语篇 语篇填空 A total of 12 people have been killed in
51、 the torrential(如激流的)rains in the downtown area of Zhengzhou,the provincial capital of 1._(center)Chinas Henan Province,the local 2._(govern)said.The accumulated rainfall reached 449 mm on average in Zhengzhou from 6 pm Sunday to midnight Tuesday.Heavy rains in Henan are expected to last until Wedne
52、sday night,according to forecasts.centralgovernmentHeavy rainfall has raised the emergency 3._(respond)for meteorological disasters to level,the 4._(high)level in a four-tier system,on Tuesday.The 5._(nation)Meteorological Center said 6._(hour)precipitation(降水)between 4 pm and 5 pm reached 201.9 mil
53、limeters.Water levels at 16 large and medium-sized reservoirs have risen above alert levels 7._(short)after the rains.responsehighestNational hourly shortlyMore than 144,000 8._(resident)have been affected in Henan Province since Friday,and 10,152 have been relocated to safe places.Though flooding d
54、uring the summer months is an annual 9._(occur)in parts of China,recent record-breaking rains have alarmed scientists and officials,raising questions as to whether we should be prepared to deal with more extreme and 10._(unpredict)weather amplified by climate change.residents occurence unpredictable
55、短文改错 Challenges of life are of great important in personal grow.They remind me of my day when I joined in the military training in senior high school.Living away from my home for the first time,I found life there a bit difficulty to get used to.And the training officer was strictly with me.I once th
56、ought I couldnt stick to it.But anyway,I succeeded.The training made me much strong to adapt to life than before,and I think the difficulties have then become a precious memory in my life.In short,learn to regard challenge of life as stepping stones to future succeed.We should make the better of them.答案:第一句:importantimportance;growgrowth 第二句:daydays 第三句:difficultydifficult 第四句:strictlystrict 第七句:strongstronger;thennow 第八句:challengechallenges;succeedsuccess 第九句:betterbest
