1、Module 6Old and New (主题语境人与社会之科学与技术：社会进步与人类文明)1empire n. 帝国2.kingdom n. 王国3president n. 总统 4.cabinet n. 内阁5parliament n. 议会 6.democracy n. 民主7capitalism n. 资本主义 8.constitution n. 宪法；章程9royal adj. 皇家的 10.conservative n. 保守派11religion n. 宗教 12.religious adj. 宗教的13racial adj. 种族的 14.prehistoric adj. 史前
2、的15attack vt.& n. 进攻；攻击 16.explode v. 爆炸17abolish vt. 废除；取消 18.representative n. 代表19immigrant n. 移民 20.independence n. 独立21monument n. 纪念碑 22.appoint v. 任命，委派23election n. 选举；当选 24.federal adj. 联邦的25liberate vt. 解放；释放 26.BC abbr. 公元前27bomb n. 炸弹 28.found vt. 成立；建立29minister n. 部长；牧师 30.premier n. 首
3、相；总理1break away from 脱离2fight for 为而战3fight against 对抗，反对，与作斗争4free of 无的，摆脱了的5in history 在历史上6have an influence on 对有影响7rise up 起义8persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事9be tired of 厌烦10go against 违背11come to an end 结束12tear down 拆毁，拆除13be active in 在活跃14by hand 用手15in place 在合适的位置16on a large scale 大规模地1
4、7reach an agreement 达成协议18be responsible for 负责19announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事20force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事1Argentina, whose official language is Spanish, gained its independence from Spain in 1810.1810年阿根廷从西班牙统治下获得独立，其官方语言是西班牙语。2Mandela, who played an important role in the antiracial discrimination
5、 struggle in South Africa, made great contributions to the development of South Africa.曼德拉对南非的发展做出了巨大贡献，他在南非的反种族歧视斗争中扮演着重要的角色。3Scotland voted against independence; more than half people chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.苏格兰公投反对独立，过半数人选择继续留在英国。4We can know more about the life of great people
6、 as well as history and culture of other countries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。5Race has always been a hot button in this countrys history.种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的一个热点。 单词巧练写准并记牢.识记单词(一)会其形1canal n. 运河 2.dam n. 坝；堤；水闸3structure n. 建筑物；结构4date vi. 始于(某一历史时期)5remove vt. 迁移；搬迁 6.ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的7enormous
7、 adj. 巨大的；庞大的 8.crash vi. (飞机)失事；坠毁(二)知其意1bulletin n. 小型报刊；短新闻；报告 2.civil adj. 民用的；国内的3cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁 4.gorge n. 峡谷5hydroelectric adj. 水力发电的6reservoir n. 水库7terminal n. (机场的)集散站；终点站；候机厅8carving n. (尤指木头、象牙等的)雕刻(品)9relic n. (常作复数)(历史的)遗迹；遗物10site n. 场所；遗址11generate vt. 发(电)12watchtower n. 瞭望台.拓展单词1en
8、gineering n. (土木)工程engineer n. 工程师2accommodate vt. 容纳(乘客等)accommodation n. 住所；膳宿3construction n. 建造；建设；建筑construct vt. 建造；建设constructive adj. 建设性的4historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的historic adj. 有历史意义的5narrow adj. 狭窄的 v. (使)变窄narrowly adv. 勉强地6poem n. 诗；诗歌poet n. 诗人7global adj. 全球的globe n. 地球；地球仪8freezing ad
9、j. 冷冰冰的；极冷的frozen adj. 冷冻的；冻坏的freeze vt. 冷冻；冰冻；使冻住9observatory n. 观察台observe vt. 观察observation n. 观察10foggy adj. 有浓雾的fog n. (浓)雾高考与教材1.(2019北京卷)When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global (globe) climate.2(2019浙江卷)The number of t
10、rees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy (fog) northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.3(2018全国卷)For this purpose,
11、 select ripe bananas for freezing (freeze) as they are much sweeter.4(2018江苏卷)The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating (date) from about the 9th to the 15th century.5(2018江苏卷)In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dalla
12、s, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction (construct) workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.1以“ical”结尾的形容词一览historical 有关历史的e
13、conomical 经济的；节约的geographical 地理(学)的logical 逻辑的magical 魔术的；有魔力的musical 音乐的；悦耳的2由canal想到的strait n. 海峡reservoir n. 水库pool n. 池塘ocean n. 海洋stream n. 小溪channel n. 海峡3“冷暖”知多少freezing adj. 冷冰冰的icy adj. 冰冷的cold adj. 寒冷的hot adj. 热的cool adj. 凉的warm adj. 温暖的 短语巧练写准并记牢1.date_from 起源于2of_all_time 有史以来3now_that
14、既然4dream_of/about 梦想5hold_back 阻止6come_true (梦想等)变成现实7make_sense 有意义；有道理8bring_an_end_to 结束；终止9be_on_a_visit_to 正对进行访问10be_of_great_importance 很重要高考与教材1.(2016全国卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those greater_and_less_importance.2(2017全国卷)No
15、w_that you know why you want to wake up, consider rearranging your morning activities.3(2015湖南卷)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held_back thankfully by the shop window.4(2014四川卷)The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite
16、 university will come_true.1dream“梦想”有多少dream of/about 梦想dream a.dream 做梦dream away time 虚度光阴go to ones dreams 进入梦乡dream up 虚构出2“v.back”短语全接触hold back 阻止；抑制get back 返回；取回give back 归还；送回pay back 偿还(借款等)ring back 回电话bring back 带回；使想起3各种“拜访”pay a visit to 拜访be on a visit to 正在访问/参观call on sb. 拜访某人call
17、at sp. 拜访某地drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人drop in at sp. 顺便拜访某地 句式仿写写准并记牢1.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. “(某人)花费一些时间做某事”It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花费了6年的时间才建成，耗资200亿美元。2Is it possible to do sth.？“做某事有可能吗？”Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged?既然这些遗迹都
18、已被淹没，还有可能再看到它们吗？3do you think在句中作插入语Why do you think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?你认为为什么现在世界上有这么多的高层建筑？高考与教材1.(2019天津卷)你认为一个好老师最重要的品质是什么？What_do_you_think_is_the_most_important_quality of a good teacher?2(2017全国卷)像任何事情一样，有可能都过量食用脂肪和盐，这对健康是不利的。Like anything, it_is_possible_to_hav
19、e too much of both, which is not good for the health.3(2014重庆卷)他花了好几个星期才做好这件礼物。这就是为什么我比那天收到的其他礼物更珍惜它的原因。It_took_him_several_weeks_to_learn_to make it.Thats why I value it more than any other gift I received that day.高频词汇精讲1date vi.始于(某一历史时期)vt.确定年代；注明日期n.日期；约会Most of the Great Wall dates from the Mi
20、ng Dynasty (13681644)长城的大部分始建于明朝(13681644)。(1)date from/back to 起源于；追溯到(2)set a date for 确定的日期have a date with sb. 与某人约会out of date 过时的up to date 现代的；最新的名师指津 date from/back to常指以“现在”为起点向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时。它们没有进行时态，也没有被动形式。故它们用作定语时，要用现在分词形式。(1)单句语法填空Most Chinese people like the fairy tale of Cowboy
21、and Weaving girl, which dates (date) from the Han Dynasty.Dating (date) from 1980s, our friendship gave both of us pleasure.(2)补全句子The dictionary is out_of_date:_many words have been added to the language since it was published.这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。2accommodate vt.容纳(乘客等)；使适应；迁就；向提供vi.适应The
22、airport is within five hours flying time of half the worlds population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.世界上一半的人口可以在五个小时内飞抵这个机场，机场设计客容量为每年八千万人次。(1)accommodate.to. 使适合/迁就/迎合accommodate sb. with sth. 帮忙；向某人提供某物accommodate oneself to 使某人自己适应(2)accommodation n. 住所；膳宿(1)单句语法填空It
23、 took him a while to accommodate his eyes to the darkness.He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation (accommodate) is included.(2)补全句子We should accommodate_ourselves_to the changing situatio
24、n.我们应该使自己适应不断变化的形势。3hold back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制，控制(情感等)；扣留Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”毛泽东写过一首词，在词中，他想象了“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”的壮丽景观。hold up 举起；支撑；使停顿；耽误hold on (打电话时)等一下，不要挂断；坚持hold on to 抓住；坚持；不放弃hold
25、 out 伸出；张开；坚持；忍耐选用上述短语填空His car was held_up in the traffic jam, so he was late for the party.They were ready to hold_out a friendly hand.We thought of selling this old furniture. But weve decided to hold_on_to it. It might be valuable.The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able
26、to hold_back your anger.4make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通，可理解If you take away the relative clauses, do the sentences still make sense?如果去掉关系从句的话，这些句子还讲得通吗？make sense of 了解的意义；懂得in a sense 某一方面；就某种意义来讲in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)a sense of 的感觉There is no sense in (doing) sth. 口语做某事是没有道理/意义的(1)单句语法填空We read th
27、rough poem, but couldnt make sense of it.There is no sense in complaining. We should take action now.(2)补全句子See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt_make_sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.瞧，你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱买最便宜牌子的电脑没有意义。In no sense should_you_lose_hear
28、t;_keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。5bring an end to 结束；终止The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric project which has brought an end to the danger of flooding.三峡大坝是一个水力发电工程，这项工程结束了洪水泛滥的危险。bring/put an end to sth.bring/put sth. to an end 结束/终止某事come to an end 结束；完
29、结carry.through to the end 将进行到底on end 连续地；竖着选用上述短语填空Winning the competition brought/put_an_end_to his financial problems.For several miles on_end,_there was no house on either side of the road.We must carry the experiment through_to_the_end,_not giving it up halfway. The long cruel winter came_to_an
30、_end at last, then came a gentle warm spring.重点词汇点拨1narrow adj.狭窄的；狭隘的；勉强的v.(使)变窄；缩小单句语法填空The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.The final score of the basketball match was 9394. We were narrowly (narrow) beaten.Last year I had a narrow escape, and I dont want to risk my life a second
31、time.2remove vt.开除；拿走；消除；脱去(衣物) ；免职写出下列句中remove的含义If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉He was severely criticized and removed from his post.撤职The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.清除
32、Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除3写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.碰撞Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.冷冰冰的；极冷的When they say something
33、silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.可笑的Our proposal tries to accommodate the special needs of minority groups.顾及；考虑到典型句式精析It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花费时间做某事”，it在句中为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子的
34、真正主语。此外，take还表示“需要”。(1)sb. spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事(2)(doing) sth. cost (sb.) some time/money(做)某事/物花费(某人)时间/金钱(3)sb. pay sb. some money for sth. 某人为某事/物付给某人多少钱；某人花费多少金钱为某事(1)单句语法填空As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it takes to_start (start) a business here.The watch
35、was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.A month before the event, I spent hours working (work) out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.(2)句型转换The park was crowded, so finding an available site cost/took us some time.The park was crowded, so it took_us_some_time_to_find an ava
36、ilable site.The park was crowded, so we spent_some_time_(in)_finding an available site.单词拼写1Dont you think it is a ridiculous (荒谬的) idea to make petrol from water?2Many students have much difficulty understanding the complex sentence structures (结构)3The poems (诗歌) have been translated into more than
37、 ten languages.4He got an enormous (巨大的) amount of money by winning the first prize in lottery.5The bus is large enough to accommodate (容纳) 50 passengers.6The book she is reading is based on historical (历史的) events.7The gate is too narrow (窄的) for a car; we will have to walk through.8The result was
38、that the engine ended up at the bottom of the canal (运河).单句语法填空1To_accommodate (accommodate) himself to the life abroad, he has to keep his knowledge and skills updated.2The old lady decided to spend the remaining time she could afford travelling (travel) around the world，enjoying every minute.3The
39、new suspension bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction (construct)now, which will be completed in 2020.4We can not guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy (fog) weather.5How dangerous! We narrowly (narrow) avoided an accident just now.6With the misunderstanding remove
40、d (remove), the two old friends made up happily.7They have found cave paintings dating (date) back to thousands of years.8People watched in horror the plane crash (crash) to the ground.9It took me quite a long time to_develop (develop) a voice, and now that I have it, I am not going to be silent.10A
41、s for me, it is not when to do the task but how to do it that is of great importance.单句改错1His goal has finally been come true after so many years hard work.去掉been2There are two new buildings in construction, one of which is a rest home for old people.inunder3I always dream of there is a chance to tr
42、avel to different places, meeting different people.isbeing4The party was a success.We sang and danced until it came to a end at midnight.第二个aan5It just doesnt make the sense.Why would she do a thing like that？去掉the6To be honest，I dreamed becoming a famous musician when I was young.dreamed后加of7Now th
43、at we have finished the course，so we shall start going over the lesson.去掉so8The Double Ninth Festival，dated back to a long time ago，is the day for the elderly in our culture.dateddating9The boy playing in the street narrow missed being knocked down by a speeding car.narrownarrowly10On a frozen morni
44、ng, the little girl was found at the corner of the street.frozenfreezing.语段填词1Dating from the Ming Dynasty, the old custom is out of date but in good condition. (date)2The reason why I was very unsatisfied is that I was accommodated in the village for the first time that was small and desperately in
45、 need of proper accommodation. (accommodate)3Li Bai was a famous poet without equal in Tang Dynasty and many of his poems were passed down from generation to generation. (poem)4The speaker stressed that for all the countries across the globe,_the problem of global warming should be paid special atte
46、ntion to. (global)5The weather today is no better than yesterday because it was so freezing that the cold weather froze the lake. And I was absolutely frozen to death, so I ordered takeout food which cost me 20 yuan. (freeze).完成句子1有史以来许多人都梦想着一个没有战争的世界。(dream of)Many people throughout history have dr
47、eamed_of_a_world_without_war.2无论困难有多大，我们绝不会被其阻止。(hold back)We will never_be_held_back_by_difficulties,_no matter how great they are!3既然你已经知道了真相，我就没有必要解释了。(now that)Now_that_youve_known_the_truth,_I dont need to explain it.4您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？(do you think作插入语)When_do_you_think_I_can_come and see him
48、tomorrow afternoon? 5无论走到哪里他都能使自己适应新环境。(accommodate)Wherever he goes, he can accommodate_himself_to new circumstances.微写作假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom在观看习近平主席的新年讲话后，发微信询问你的家乡的情况，请按以下写作要点给他发微信：1家乡始于三百年前，有几个历史遗址，道路狭窄；2发展为旅游胜地；道路变宽。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文；2尽量使用本模块的知识点；3可适当增加细节。My hometown is a small mountainous vi
49、llage, dating back to three hundred years ago. Though there are several historical relics there, it could only be accessible by a narrow road.Many people removed to other places, while those remaining there dreamed of/about living a happy life. Fortunately, with the help of the local government, it
50、took the villagers three years to develop my hometown into a tourist site. Besides, the construction of a new road has been completed, which makes it possible for the villagers to travel around. Most importantly, with living conditions greatly improved, the dream of the villagers has come true.课文语法填
51、空The Three Gorges Dam，the biggest _1_ (construct) project in China，has been built _2_ (control) flooding and provide hydroelectric power for the _3_ (center) region of China.The dam is nearly 200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide.It is _4_ largest hydroelectric power station and dam in the world，w
52、hich will generate electricity equal _5_ about 40 million tons of coal without _6_ (cause) so much air pollution.The reservoir _7_ (flood) 2 cities,11 counties,140 towns and more than 4,000 villages since then.More than a million people have moved from _8_ used to be their home for generations，and t
53、hey are living a happy new life in different areas.The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful _9_ (area) of China and the project has flooded some of Chinas most famous historical sites.With some historical sites _10_ (remove)，some others are being put into museums.1construction2.to_control3.central4.the5.to6causing7.has_flooded8.what9.areas10.removed学习至此，请完成课时作业18
