1、新知识预习探索.重点单词1alternativen.可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的alternatively adv.要不；或者alternate v.使交替；使轮流 adj.交替的；轮流的2starvation n.挨饿；饿死starve vt.使挨饿；使饿死 vi.挨饿；饿死starving adj.挨饿的；饥饿的3accuracyn.精确；准确accurateadj.精确的；准确的accurately adv.精确的；准确地4interrupt vt.&vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n.中止；障碍(物)；干扰5assume vt.假定；设想assum
2、ption n.假定；设想6sharpen vi.&vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；鲜明的sharplyadv.尖刻地；严厉地；鲜明地sharpener n.削具；磨具7messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n.混乱；一团糟8analysis n.分析；分析结果analyse vt.分析.重点短语1regardless of 不管；不顾2at most 至多3cut up 劈碎；切碎；砍碎4意识到be_aware_of/that5吓跑scare_away6生火make_a_fire7阻挡，挡住prevent.from8在乎，关心care_about.重点句型
3、1You must be aware that its_here_that_we_found_evidence_of_some_of_the_earliest_people_who_lived_in_this_part_of_the_world.想必你们都清楚，正是在这个地方我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最早人类的证据。2Im sorry to_interrupt_you but how could they live here?对不起，打断了你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？3We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres
4、 thick,which suggests that they might_have_kept_the_fire_burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。4Im sure they_were_quite_heavy_to_cut_and_sew_together.我想它们剪裁并缝起来一定很重。5Our evidence suggests that they did_wear_clothes_made_from_animal_skins.我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是兽皮制作的衣服。6Yes,indeed,as_the_bo
5、tanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.很对，植物学家分析结果明确告诉我们这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。.根据课文内容，选择最佳答案1What did they find in the caves?AOnly human bones and fires.BJust animal bones.CModern tools and ornaments.DBones，tools and ornaments,as well as fireplac
6、es.D2Which of the following about fire is NOT right?AKeeping warm.BCooking food.CMaking iron.DFrightening the animals.C3From the needle,we can infer the earliest people in Zhoukoudian _.Awere able to do the same things as tigers or bears Bwere cleverer than tigers or bears Cwere trained how to use n
7、eedles Dcould make clothes like we have todayB4From“but others are made of shells”，we cant infer that _.Athe sea was not far away at that time Bthey ran to the sea for the shells Cthe shells could be sold and bought Dthey could make necklaces by machinesD5Which of the following is TRUE?AThis passage
8、 is an explanation about the earliest people.BThis passage shows that the students are being shown around the cave.CThis passage is a part of an interview at the TV station.DThis passage tells us the earliest people would not be our ancestors.A.根据课文内容，完成语法填空A group of students from England has come
9、to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.1._ archaeologist is showing them around.The archaeologists 2._(excavate)here for many years.After finding human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments,they think 3._ reasonable to assume some of the earliest people live
10、d in these caves,4._ the cold.They discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves 5._ they constructed fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors 6._ wear clothes 7._ (make)from animal skins.Anhave been excavatingitsregardless ofwheredidmadeThe archaeologist also shows the students a primitiv
11、e necklace 8._ (preserve)quite well.Indeed，as the botanical analysis has been 9._(special)showing us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples 10._ they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.preservedspeciallyor新课堂互动探究1.Can y
12、ou think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？alternative n.可供选择的事物have no alternative but to do除之外别无选择We can take a boat to Florida,as another alternative,we can fly.我们可以乘船去佛罗里达，另一个选择是乘飞机。The sun shone,having no alternative,on the nothing new.别无选择，阳光依旧照射着陈腐的一切。【知识拓展】【即境活用】I wante
13、d to go,but I had no money.I had no alternative but _(stay)at home.to stay2Did they suffer from cold,starvation or disease?他们遭受过寒冷，饥饿或疾病的痛苦吗？starvation n.U挨饿；饿死If fewer cash crops were grown,more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.假如少种一些经济作物，就可能生产更多的粮食，就会减少或杜绝饥饿现象了。In Af
14、rica,there are people dying of starvation in the famine.在非洲，有一些在饥荒中饿得濒临死亡的人。【知识拓展】starvation diet 极少量的饮食starvation wages 挨饿工资；极低的工资die of starvation 饿死starve v.挨饿；饿死starve to death 饿死【即境活用】完成句子(1)The explorers _ in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。(2)They _ their enemies _.他们断绝敌人的食物来源迫使他们屈服。starved to deathst
15、arvedinto giving in3You must be aware that its_here_that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.想必你们都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。It was at the school office that I heard the news.就是在学校办公室里我听到了这个消息。It was along the Mississippi River that he spent h
16、is childhood.他的童年是在密西西比河上度过的。【知识拓展】1强调句结构为：It is/was强调部分that其他成分。2强调谓语动词不能使用强调句型。【即境活用】(1)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.(2)Mr.Green didnt understand _(到底是什么)made his daughter so absent-minded this morning.thatwhat it was th
17、at4Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断了你(的讲话)，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？interrupt v.打断，中断，插嘴The floods interrupted railway services.洪水使铁路运输中断。Traffic was interrupted by a snow storm.交通被暴风雪阻断。His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话不时被掌声打断。She interrupted me to ask a que
18、stion.她打断我的话，问我一个问题。【知识拓展】【即境活用】(1)Be quiet!Its rude _(打断)people when they are talking.(2)Oh,you are on the phone.Sorry to _ you.(disturb/interrupt)to interruptinterrupt5So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless_of the cold.因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。1assume v.假定，假想，
19、以为假装，装作担任，承担I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以为他是比利时人。Dont always assume the worst.别总往最坏处想。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张系工作过重所致。【知识拓展】2regardless of不管不顾The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。They rebuilt the house regardless
20、of cost.他们不惜成本重建了那所房子。We worked all day regardless of the weather.不顾天气我们整天工作。【知识拓展】【即境活用】(1)_(assume)that they do not approve of our plan,what should we do?(2)The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _(不考虑)his financial situation.Assumingregardless of6Its
21、 at_most three centimetres long.这个东西最多三厘米长。at most至多；最多I can give you twenty dollars at most.我最多只能给你20美元。The girl is five at most.这小女孩最多五岁。【知识拓展】【即境活用】(1)Xiao Ming,_ most diligent student,is always ready to help others.(a/the)(2)You could buy a new machine for about 350,400 _(至多)aat most7It seems th
22、at they used the sharpened stone tools to cut_upanimals and remove their skin.看样子他们用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。(1)sharpen v.(使)锋利；清晰This knife needs sharpening.这把刀需要磨了。The outline of the trees sharpened as it grew lighter.随着天色转亮，树的轮廓变得清晰了。(使感觉或感情)加强；加重；变得更明显The sea air sharpened our appetites.海上的空气增进了我们的食欲。(使)尖锐
23、There is a need to sharpen the focus of the discussion.有必要使讨论的焦点更加集中。【知识拓展】Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。She was pretty cut up about their leaving.他们这一走使她伤心极了。He was badly cut up in the fight.他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤。【知识拓展】cut across 走近路；抄近路穿过cut away 切除；割掉；砍掉cut back 减少；削减；缩减
24、cut in 插嘴；打断谈话；超车抢道cut off 中断电话通话；停止；中断供给；切掉，割掉；砍掉cut sb./sth.off from.使与外界隔绝；切断的去路cut out 裁剪出；删去；剪下；戒除cut down 砍倒Can you help me to cut down the tree?你能帮我把这棵树砍倒吗？He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.他在一次工伤中被切断了手指。Our water supply has been cut off.我们断水了。【即境活用】(1)用sharp的正确形式填空There is a n
25、eed to _ the focus of the discussion.If your knife isnt _，you need a knife _ to _ it.(2)He was in hospital for six months.He felt as if he was _(与隔绝)from the outside world.sharpensharpsharpenersharpencut off8Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here used to be par
26、t of a large shallow lake.很对，植物学的分析结果告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。analysis n.分析a detailed analysis of the weeks news一周新闻的详细分析Forensic experts are doing analyses of the sample.法医专家正在对样本进行分析。In the final analysis,profit is the motive.归根到底，利润是动力。【知识拓展】analysis的复数形式为analyses。in the final/last analysis 归根结底；总之an
27、alyse/analyze v.分析【即境活用】用analysis/analyse填空(1)In the last _，the responsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer.(2)Lets _ the problem and see what went wrong.analysisanalyse9They didnt grow their own crops,but picked fruit when it_ripened and hunted animals.他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕
28、杀野兽来充饥。ripen v.使成熟His love for her has ripened.他对她的爱已成熟。The tomatoes quickly ripened in the hot weather.天气炎热，番茄很快就熟了。【知识拓展】【即境活用】完成句子(1)Time _(使他的生命成熟)and produced its fruit.(ripen)(2)A green banana _(没成熟)so we cant eat it.(ripe)had ripened his lifeis not ripe新思维随堂自测.根据括号内提示写出单词的正确形式1I passed on my
29、_(不确定的)conclusions to the police.2Sorry _(interrupt),but I need to ask you to come downstairs.3It seems reasonable to _(认为)that the book was written around 70 AD.4Anne _(sharp)her pencil and continued her homework.5If you dont like the school lunch,you have the _(可能的选择)of bringing your own.tentative
30、to interruptassumesharpenedalternative6Wild fruit kept us from dying of _(starve)7Small seashells were used as a _(原始的)kind of money.8It was impossible to state with _(accurate)the number of deaths.9A biologist is an expert in natural history,especially in _(植物学)and zoology.10The _(mess)garden is in
31、 a state of neglect.starvationprimitiveaccuracybotanymessy.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空1The woman _ the watermelon and shared it out among the four children.2Its really hard to maintain contact when people _ so much.3The debate does not _ until midnight.4In the countryside,people usually keep a dog to _ thieves.
32、cut upmove aroundcome to a conclusionscare away5As the manager,she was _ having her orders instantly obeyed.6I didnt know what happened.There were _ twenty people in the classroom.7When you come to our school tomorrow,I will _ you _ the campus.8A selfish person does not _ other peoples problem.9As m
33、y best friend,he shared in my sorrows _ in my joys.10Please _ this building.Patients are sleeping.used toat mostshowaroundcare aboutas well askeep out of.完成句子1_(我们必须清晰地意识到)there are still quite a few difficulties and problems in our work.2I like getting up early in the morning because _(早上的空气呼吸起来很好)3_(似乎)youre quite confused with this sentence.4He is honest and considerate._(那就是为什么他有很多朋友的原因)5It _(一定是下雨了)last night for the road is wet.We must be clearly aware thatthe morning air is good to breatheIt seems thatThat is why he has a lot of friendsmust have rained
