1、Unit 3 Under the sea基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻2.yell vi. 大叫；呼喊n. 叫声；喊声3.teamwork n. 协作；配合4.shark n. 鲨鱼5.dimension n. 维(数)；方面；侧面6.shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；浅显的7.boundary n. 界限；分界线8.pension n. 养老金；退休金.汉译英1.dive vi.& n. 跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲2.jog vi. 慢跑vt. 轻推；轻撞3.tide n. 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流4.seaweed n. 海草；海藻5.fla
2、shlight n. 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯6.suck vt.& vi. 吮吸7.steep adj. 陡峭的8.Antarctic adj. 南极的9.seal n. 海豹；封条；印章高频应用1.witness vt. 当场见到；目击n. 目击者；证人；证据2.opposite prep. 在对面adj. 相对的；相反的3.pause vi.& n. 暂停；中止4.flee vi. 逃避；逃跑vt. 逃离5.drag vt. 拖；拉；扯 6.lip n. 一片嘴唇；(容器或洞的)边，口 n. 网；网状物；网络 8.target n. 目标；靶；受批评的对象9.pure adj. 纯的；
3、纯粹的；纯洁的 10.cell n. 细胞；(蜂房的)巢室11.vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的12.neat adj. 口好的；整齐的；匀称的13.grey adj.& n. 灰色(的) 14.awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的拓展变形1.annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度计算的 (n.) 年刊；年鉴annually (adv.) 每年地；年度地anniversary (n.) 周年纪念日2.accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿accommodate (vt.) 提供住宿3.depth (n.) 深(度)；深处deep (adj.) 深的deep
4、en (v.) 加深4.urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张；驱策 (n.) 强烈的欲望；冲动urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的urgency (n.) 紧急；迫切5.abandon (vt.) 放弃；遗弃；抛弃abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；放纵的6.relationship (n.) 关系；血缘关系；交往relation (n.) 关系；联系；交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)relate (vt.) 把联系起来；讲述 (vi.) 有联系relative (adj.) 与有关的；相比较的 (n.) 亲属；亲戚7.conservation (n.) 保存；保护conserv
5、e (vt.) 保存；保护8.reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考reflection (n.) 反射；反映9.aware (adj.) 意识到的；知道的unaware (反义词) (adj.) 没有意识到的；不知道的awareness (n.) 意识；觉悟10.narrow (adj.) 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的narrowly (adv.) 仅仅；勉强地11.sharp (adj.) 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的sharpen (vt. & vi.) (使)变锋利；削尖；磨快sharpener (n.) 削刀；磨床；磨器；磨具12.tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的
6、taste (v.) 品尝；有的味道 (n.) 味道；喜好tasteless (反义词) (adj.) 无味的；不可口的13.scare (vt.) 恐吓 (vi.) 受惊吓scared (adj.) 恐惧的；害怕的scary (adj.) 恐怖的；可怕的1.以“rrow”结尾的词一览narrow adj. 狭窄的arrow n. 箭头borrow v. 借sorrow n. 悲伤sparrow n. 麻雀2.含后缀th的名词荟萃depth 深度width 宽度length 长度truth 真理growth 成长一 动词介/副词1.sort out 整理；分类；收拾2.aim at 瞄准3.h
7、old up 阻挡；举起；耽搁4.help (.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难二 be形容词介词5.be terrified of 对感到惊恐6.be/become aware of 知道；明白；意识到7.(be) scared to death 吓死了三 其他8.ahead of (表示空间)在前面；(表示时间)先，预先9.in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时10.upside down 上下翻转1.“v.at”动词短语荟萃aim at 瞄准point at 指向arrive at 到达laugh at 嘲笑knock at 敲(门、窗等)2.“动词out”短语专辑he
8、lp (.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境work out 解决；算出；锻炼figure out 解决；算出find out 查明；弄清楚try out 试用；试验_1.a timewhen引导的定语从句It_was_a_time_when (那是一个时期)the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.(教材P19)2.be about to动词原形，表示即将发生的事情
9、This was the call that announced there_was_about_to_be (即将有) a whale hunt.(教材P20)3.v.ing的被动式作宾语补足语As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked (正在被袭击) by a pack of about six other killers.(教材P20)4.with的复合结构作状语Im sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand (手持一杯冷饮) and reflect
10、ing on the daya day of pure magic！(教材P24)5.动名词的复合结构作宾语The fish didnt seem to mind_me_swimming_among_them (介意我在它们中间游动)(教材P24)6.“where ., there be .”意为“在的地方，有”，where 引导地点状语从句The water was quite shallow but where_the_reef_ended (在珊瑚礁到了尽头的地方)，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P24)单句语法填空
11、1.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us _ (throw) itself out of the water and then crashing down again.答案：throwing2.I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, _ (show) us the way.答案：showing3.From James face, I could see he was terrified
12、of _ (abandon) by us.答案：being abandoned4.It took over half an hour (get) the boat back to James.答案：to get5.And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt _ the other killers were still attacking the whale.答案：where6._ (see) such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.答案：Seeing7.Th
13、e first thing I became aware _ was all the vivid colours surrounding me.答案：of8.A large wiselooking turtle was passing so close to me _ I could have touched it.答案：that9.Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, _ suddenly appeared from behind some coral.答案：which10.I
14、 told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me _ (feel) scared to death for a moment！答案：feeling考点步步冲关1 witnessvt.当场见到；目击n目击者；证人；证据I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(P20)当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。(1)be (a) witness to
15、 sth.看见某事发生/证明真实bear/give witness to sth.为作证；证明(2)witness to (doing) sth.作证，证明(做)某事名师点津英语中常用表示时间、地点等的名词作主语，而常用形容人的感官动词see, witness等作谓语进行拟人修辞，意为“是发生的地点(或时间、组织等)”。另外，注意witness to中的to是介词。即时练1单句语法填空The girl witnessed _ (see) the man burst into the bank on a dark night last week.The past ten years _ (wit
16、ness) a boom in economy in my hometown.Our city _ (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.答案：to having seenhas witnessedwitnesses单句写作句式升级当他从公园走出来时，这位老人碰巧目睹了这起交通事故。a普通表达：When he walked out of the park, the old man _ the road acc
17、ident.b高级表达：_， the old man _ the road accident. (分词作状语)答案：a.happened to seebWalking out of the park; witnessed2 urgevt.催促；极力主张n强烈的欲望；冲动“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly. (P20)乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事urge that . (should) do sth. 极力主张；
18、强调(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望(3)urgent adj. 紧迫的；迫切的(4)urgency n. 紧急；迫切即时练2单句语法填空She invited me to dinner, but I declined on account of _ (urge) business.After she saw the film, there was an urge _ (cry) because she was touched by their brave deeds.They urged that the library _ (keep) open dur
19、ing the vacation.I got a note from Moira urging me _ (get) in touch.答案：urgentto crybe keptto get一句多译我们力劝她同我们一起来参加聚会，但她坚持说她太累了。_ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge sb. to do sth.)_ with us, but she protested that she was too tired. (urge that .)答案：We urged her to come to the par
20、tyWe urged that she (should) come to the party3 abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. (P21)从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。(1)abandon ones hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意abandon oneself to . 沉湎于；纵情于(to为介词)(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地；尽情地(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；无约束的；
21、无度的；放纵的即时练3单句语法填空The fans cheered _ abandon when their football team won.After her mother died, she abandoned herself _ grief.The old paper mill _ (abandon) to make way for a new shopping centre a few years ago.The police found the lost treasure in an _ (abandon) well.答案：withtowas abandonedabandoned
22、一句多译他沉迷于网络游戏，没有通过考试。He _ and didnt pass the exam._， he didnt pass the exam.答案：abandoned himself to the Internet gamesAbandoning himself to the Internet games4 reflectvi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic！(P24)我坐在温暖的
23、夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情这是神奇的一天！(1)be reflected in 被反映在；被映照在中reflect on/upon sth. 仔细考虑/思考某事reflect that . 思考(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；沉思；倒影；影像be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中a reflection of 的反映即时练4单句语法填空As well as a day of celebration, a birthday is also a time for reflecting _ your life and reviewing your lif
24、e.The cat felt curious when she saw her own _ (reflect) in the mirror.When the suns rays hit the earth, a lot of heat _ (reflect) back into space.With the white walls _ (reflect) the light, the room looks warm and bright.答案：on/uponreflectionis reflectedreflecting1help ( . ) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难教材原句What
25、 evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？(P21)有什么证据表明老汤姆在帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境吗？(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人(做)某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事cant help but do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事help oneself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用等)(2)with the help of sb.with sb.s help在某人的帮助下即时练1单句语法填空I have been busy with
26、 my study and seldom help my parents _ the housework.We think this is the opportunity for us youth to do a contribution to helping the victims _.When thinking of the wonderful days I spent in New Orleans, I just cant help _ (think) of you.Faced with so much trouble, I cant help but _ (turn) to my pa
27、rents for help.答案：withoutthinkingturn单句改错With help of the teacher, he has made great progress in his English._答案：With后加the2be/become aware of 意识到教材原句The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding mepurples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.(P24)我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩紫色、红
28、色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。(1)be aware that . 知道；体会到make sb. aware of/that . 使某人注意到；提醒某人注意as far as Im aware 据我所知(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；察觉develop an awareness of . 培养的意识raise awareness 提高认识即时练2单句语法填空Learning English not only increases my _ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to communicate with English
29、speaking people and to make more new friends.In my opinion, its very important to develop _ awareness of health now.As a member of society, Im aware _ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.答案：awarenessanthat单句改错Some activities should be carried out to make people aware the impo
30、rtance of donating blood._答案：aware后加of1As we drew closer, I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.(P20)翻译当我们靠近时，我能看到一条鲸鱼正受到约六、七条虎鲸的攻击。as引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候；随着”，表示从句的动作与主句动作同时发生或伴随进行。being attacked作宾语补足语，表示动作正在被进行。“see宾语being done”意为“看到正被”。名师点津being done是doing的被动形式，用作现在分词
31、时，表示被动和正在进行的动作，常作定语和补语；用作动名词时，只表示被动而不表示进行的动作，常作宾语和主语。即时练1单句写作在家听音乐是一回事，而现场听音乐又是另一回事了。Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it _ live is quite another.通常，在开始上课时，在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声音。Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks _ could be heard out in the street.我可以不受外界干扰做任何我想做
32、的事。I could do whatever I wanted to do without _ by the outside world.由几位专家正在进行的研究表明海湾石油泄漏已对周围环境造成了致命损害。Research _ out by several experts suggests that the oil spill in the Gulf has caused the fatal damage to the environment.出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里，都会被人认出来。_ wherever you go is the price you pay for being fa
33、mous.答案：being performedbeing opened and closedbeing interruptedbeing carriedBeing recognized2The water was quite shallow but where_ the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)翻译水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。“where ., there be .”意为“在的地方，有”。where引导地点状语从句，相当于in/at the pla
34、ce where . (此时where引导定语从句)，另外wherever “在任何地方；无论何处”也可引导地点状语从句。即时练2单句语法填空Schools should be lively places _ individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential._ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.After the war, a new school buildin
35、g was put up _ there had been a theatre.答案：whereWherewhere单句写作常言道，有志者，事竟成。As the saying goes, _.众所周知，熊猫生活在有大量竹子的地方。It is well known that the panda lives _ plenty of bamboo.作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。As young men, we should learn to stand up _.就我个人而言，你愿意去哪里就去哪里。As far as Im concerned, you are free to go
36、 _.答案：where there is a will, there is a waywhere there iswhere we fellwherever you like动词ing 形式的被动式当动词ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式，即being done，它表示一个正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生的被动动作。与其主动形式一样，它在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。1作主语being done用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。Being exposed to sunshine for too much time will do harm to ones ski
37、n.在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤有害。2作宾语being done 可以用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示一个被动的动作。The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized.这个影星戴着墨镜，所以他能在购物时不被认出来。3作定语being done 作定语，只能置于被修饰的名词后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。The problem being discussed now is very important.现在正在被讨论的这个问题非常重要。4作补足语being done 可以用在某些动
38、词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, find, keep .)后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere now.你将发现这个话题现在到处被讨论。5作状语being done用作状语，是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系(如时间等)。Being repaired, the road is blocked now.因为这条路正在被修建，所以被堵上了。being done的完成式为“having been done”，说明它所表示的动作在谓语动作
39、之前发生，通常在句中作宾语和状语。Having been taught many times, the boy still couldnt finish those tasks independently.已经被教了许多次，这个男孩仍然不能独立完成这些任务。being done的否定形式为“not being done”；其完成式的否定形式为“not having been done”。He was unhappy for not being invited to the party.对于没有被邀请去参加宴会，他感到不高兴。即时练.单句语法填空1After only six months of
40、 _ (care) for by a 25yearold woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions.答案：being cared2As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than _ (praise) by my teacher before my classmates.答案：being praised3The lecture _ (give), a lively questionandanswer
41、session followed.答案：having been given4What do you know made Susan so upset?_ (charge) with giving away state secrets.答案：Being charged5The building _ (build) now will be used as our reading room.答案：being built.单句改错1George returned after the war, only to being told that his wife had left him._答案：being
42、be2The witnesses being questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight._答案：去掉being3When being asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding._答案：去掉being4He doesnt remember having ever given a chance to go abroad._答案：
43、given前加been5I heard an English song be sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday._答案：bebeing基础达标演练.单句语法填空1I often have a hard time _ (drag) myself from my bed or even rolling over to write everything I have dreamt about in my notebook.答案：dragging2On Monday mornings it usually _ (ta
44、ke) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.答案：takes3There was a time _ I lived on the farm happily.答案：when4Abandoning himself to _ (play) computer games, Wang Ping has fallen behind the other students in his studies.答案：playing5We felt at home with her and were impr
45、essed with the _ (deep) of her knowledge.答案：depth6The committee urged that a sound and safe rural financial system _ (set) up to boost the rural economy.答案：(should) be set7After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _ (accommodate) for the homeless families.答案：accom
46、modation(s)8With economy developing at great speed, our city _ (witness) quite a few changes in recent years.答案：has witnessed9A lack of _ (aware) of cultural difference can cause problems.答案：awareness10The performer was waving his stick in the street, and it _ (narrow) missed the child standing near
47、by.答案：narrowly.单句改错1He said that the manager had already been aware the problem._答案：aware后加of2The broken bike was found abandoning by the riverside that day._答案：abandoningabandoned3When I bought the house, my sister helped me of with a loan._答案：ofout4He was scared to die hearing the news._答案：diedeat
48、h5Having warned about typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor._答案：warned前加been.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1Smart是我的导盲犬，经常救我于危难之中。(help . out)_答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out.2一天，我们正过马路，在我还没意识到之前，它突然停下来把我拉了回来。(be doing . when .; aware)_答案：One day, we were crossing the street when Smart pau
49、sed and dragged me back before I was aware of it.3然后我听到一辆车呼啸而过。(hear复合结构)_答案：Then I heard a car whistling by.4当时的情景每个目睹的人都吓得要死。(witness; scare)_答案：Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death.5我相信不论发生什么，它都不会抛弃我。(abandon)_答案：I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Smart, my guide dog, often helps me out. One day, we were crossing the street when Smart paused and dragged me back before I was aware of it. Then I heard a car whistling by. Everyone who witnessed this was scared to death. I believe no matter what happens it will not abandon me.
