1、饮食是一种文化。西方餐桌礼仪。可以更好地帮助你了解中西方饮食文化的不同。TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTYPeople who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture.Knowing them will help you make a good impression.Having good table manners means knowing，for example，how to use k
2、nives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glassesone for white wine，one for red wine，and one for water.There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table，forks on the left and knives on the right of the plate.
3、When you see two spoons，the big one is for the soup and the small one is for the dessert.The knife and fork that is closest to your plate is a little bit bigger than the pair beside them.When you sit down at the table，you can take your napkin，unfold it and put it on your lap.In China you usually get
4、 a hot，damp cloth to clean your face and hands，which，however，is not the custom in Western countries.Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter.Some people pray before they start eating，and other people may keep silent for a moment.Then you can say “Enjoy your meal” to each other
5、 and everybody starts eating.For the starter，which you eat with the smaller pair，you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.After the starter you will get a bowl of soupbut only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.The next dish is the main course.Many Westerners
6、think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird.Some people can use their fingers when eating chicken or other birds，but never touch beef or other meat on bones.It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate，so dont take more food than you need.At table，you
7、should try to speak quietly and smile a lot，but do not laugh all the time.阅读障碍词1toastn祝酒；干杯2napkin n餐巾3tender adj.嫩的诱思导读根据短文内容，回答下列问题1How many knives，forks，glasses，and spoons are there at a formal Western dinner party for each guest?There are two pairs of knives and forks，three glasses，and two spoon
8、s.2When can people use their fingers at a formal Western dinner party?When eating chicken or other birds.Section Reading(Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary).匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.oweAn.要求()2.poison Badj.无法辨认的()3.taste Cadv.贪婪地()4.manner Dv.咀嚼()5.greedily Eadj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的()6.chew Fadj.开胃的，增进食欲的()7.inf
9、amous Gv.应给予()8.appetisingHn.毒药()9.requirement In.味道()10.unrecognisable Jn.方式；方法答案15GHIJC610DEFAB.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A对着迷B违背C习惯于D难怪E看出，理解F结束G与有共同点H归功于1He owed his success to his teacher. 2We shouldnt go against nature. 3Many boys are obsessed with football. 4There are so many people at the school gate tha
10、t I cant make out what happened. 5In order to end up in success，he worked very hard. 6What we have in common is the habit of early rising. 7He has got used to living in such difficult conditions. 8He has passed the exam.No wonder he is so happy. 答案15HBAEF68GCDPassage 1Chinese people think a lot abou
11、t food.In fact, I think that they are sometimes obsessed(使着迷) with it.My first experience of this aspect of Chinese culture came at a banquet(宴会) during a trip to Beijing in 1998.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.The first six
12、or seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates dangerously balanced one on top of another.I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served， and I started eating greedily.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks(筷子) down, continuing
13、 to chat.“They cant have very big appetites，” I thought.文章1中国人对饮食的想法颇多。事实上，我觉得他们有时候对此到了痴迷的程度。我第一次经历中国文化的这一方面是1998年在北京旅游时的一次宴会上。我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。首先上来的六七个菜似乎就已经放满了整个桌子，盘子都很危险地交互摞着。我想，这么多的食物就是所有要上的菜了，便开始大吃起来。但是其他的人只是对每个菜简单尝了几口，然后放下筷子继续谈话。我想：“他们可能胃口不好。”助读讲解此处with plates .是with复合结构，在句中作状语。to b
14、e served是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰dishes，表将来。continuing to chat是现在分词短语作伴随状语。To my surprise, more dishes arrived, plus soups, side dishes, and desserts(甜食)There was enough to feed a whole army.No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come.But I was already
15、 so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued.使我惊奇的是，更多的菜又被端上来了，另外还有汤、小菜及甜点。这些菜够一个军队的人吃了。怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。但是我已经吃得太饱了，对于下面的菜只有看着的份了。助读讲解本句是so .that .结构作结果状语，其中还包含了一个as引导的时间状语从句。Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every anim
16、almuch to the horror of many westerners.Stomach, intestines(肠), ears, tongue(舌头), tail, hoof(蹄), and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you.The first time I saw a threeyearold kid cheerfully chewing a chickens head I had bad dreams for weeks.(中国)“饮食文化”的另外一方面是中国人似乎会食用几乎所有动
17、物的任一部位这令很多西方人深感恐怖。胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺部都可能在你面前的餐桌上被吃掉。我第一次看到一个3岁的孩子高兴地啃着一个鸡头时，我一连做了几个星期的噩梦。助读讲解that .every animal是表语从句。the first time是名词词组，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。These days I enjoy that sort of food myself.On a recent trip to the United States I suddenly felt like some Chinese delicacies(佳肴), and asked the g
18、uy at the meat counter of a supermarket, “Do you have pigs ears？”“No，”he said, pulling at his own ear， “just these ordinary ones.” He must have thought I was joking.现在我自己也喜欢上了那些食物。在最近一次到美国去旅行的时候，我突然想吃一些中国的美味，然后就问一家超市里卖肉的柜台前的一个小伙子：“有猪耳朵吗？”“没有，”他拽着自己的耳朵说道，“只有这些普通的耳朵。”他肯定以为我在开玩笑。助读讲解pulling at his own
19、ear是现在分词短语作伴随状语。However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.The infamous choudoufu is an example.(The name says it all: “stinky tofu”) Just when I got used to it， I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deepfried choudoufu, a horrible black substance that look
20、ed and smelled about as appetising as a burnt tennis shoe.Maybe Ill get used to that, toosomeday.然而，也有一些食物让我花了很长时间才能接受。“臭名昭著”的臭豆腐就是这样一个例子。(从名字上就可以看出来：“发臭的豆腐”。) 就在我刚刚适应了它的味道时，我在到湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种：油炸臭豆腐，令人恐怖的黑乎乎的一团，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋，让我没有食欲。或许有那么一天我也会习惯吃它的。助读讲解此处that引导定语从句，修饰foods。when I got used to i
21、t是时间状语从句。Passage 2The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat.I was amazed at their easy and graceful manner(方式) while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food.At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eig
22、ht or nine big boxes.It was quite hard to make out what they contained. The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to peoples requirements(要求). I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish(金枪鱼) and cheese sandwich.It didnt actually taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and
23、even the bread from the fridge, was a meal that would make you feel cold inside.Later, I found out that British people like cold food.Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving， while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.The Chinese have a fixed phrase
24、“cold leftovers”Cold food means povertyyou dont give it to a guest! No wonder westerners like Chinese food.文章2我第一次接触英国饮食是在一家伦敦出版社的员工餐厅。有些人就坐在沙发上吃着自己的食物。我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。柜台前的八九个盒子里装着各色糊状物。很难弄清楚它们究竟是什么做的。服务员按照人们的要求往面包或者土豆里面塞这些糊状物。我至今仍然记得我吃的东西：一条金枪鱼和奶酪三明治。味道确实不错，但是冰冷的金枪鱼，冰冷的奶酪，连面包也是刚从冰
25、箱里拿出来的，这些让我知道一顿饭居然可以让人吃得透心凉。后来我发现，英国人喜欢吃冷食。比如说他们做沙拉的蔬菜只是在吃前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要做得更精细。中国人有个成语叫“残杯冷炙”。冷菜冷饭意味着寒酸人们不会用它来招待客人的。怪不得外国人喜欢中国食物。助读讲解while在此处是并列连词，表示对比；feeling .the food是现在分词短语作伴随状语。句中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语to make out what they contained为真正的主语，其中包含what引导的宾语从句。that would make you feel cold inside是定语从句，修饰先行词
26、a meal。which are only washed before serving是定语从句，修饰先行词vegetables。I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table.I once ordered mushroom(蘑菇) soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the table.It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was
27、only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed(捣烂的) food, like the fillings(馅) of jiaozi in Beijing.The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chin
28、ese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.We would never mash food into an unrecognisable shape.我还知道了英国人喜欢先搅拌食物，然后再端上桌。一次我在饭店里点了蘑菇汤，刚端上来的时候吓了我一跳。看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。夹在三明治和烤土豆里面的东西也都是各种糊状物，和北京的饺子馅很相似。这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美学原则大相径庭。中国菜非常好看，可以拍照，我们是绝对不会把食物打成糊状物的。助读讲解本句是强调句型it was .
29、that .，强调时间状语only after I had tasted it。Whats more, the names of many kinds of English food are hard to remember.In fact, they often use French or Italian words.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.此外，许多英国食物的名字也很难记住。事实上，它们经常使用法文或者意大利
30、文。但是让我确实佩服的一点是英国人吃饭的文明举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。助读讲解本句中do admire是对谓语动词的强调，in which British people eat是定语从句修饰先行词manner，后面是even if引导的让步状语从句。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案1Passage 1：AThe writer doesnt like Chinese food.BThe writer hasnt got used to most Chinese food yet.CThe writer likes most Chinese
31、 food.2Passage 2：AThe writer doesnt like British food.BThe writer doesnt like the way British food is prepared and served.CThe writer doesnt like the way the British eat.答案12CB第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案1It seems that the writer in Passage 1 felt to find so many dishes were served at a banquet.A
32、disappointed BinterestedCsurprised Dterrible2We can infer from Passage 1 that the writer Ahas a low opinion of Chinese foodBgets a good impression of Chinese foodCthinks Chinese people waste lots of foodDthinks the people at the table have small appetites3From Passage 2，we know that Chinese food Apa
33、ys much attention to its beauty and style besides the tasteBincludes various kinds of mashed foodCoften has an unrecognisable shapeDis prepared with little care4What impresses the writer most according to Passage 2?AThe taste of British food.BThe names of British food.CThe styles of British food.DTh
34、e manner in which the British eat.答案14CBAD第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P3031教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Chinese people think a lot about food.I think that they are sometimes obsessed with it.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I couldnt have imagined 1.how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.The first six o
35、r seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates 2.dangerously(dangerous) balanced one on top of another.To my surprise, more dishes 3.arrived(arrive)It was enough to feed a whole army.Another aspect of“food culture”is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animalmuch to 4.the h
36、orror of many westerners.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me 5.to accept (accept)The infamous choudoufu is an example.The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.I was 6.amazed(amaze)at their easy and graceful manner.At the counter t
37、here were colourful 7.mixtures (mixture) in eight or nine big boxes.Later，I found out that British people like cold food.But in China，cold food means 8.poverty(poor)you cant give it to a guest.I also learned that the English like to mix food before 9.serving(serve) it at the table.The food here goes 10.against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.
