1、理解作者态度(attitude)或语气(tone)专题常用的表达句式（1）The authors attitude towards this article is(2)The writers purpose in writing this story is Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news?All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿),and death.Frankly,I am sick of all this bad news.This authors attitude towards the n
2、ewspaper reporting is to A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.informA理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。规律方法：关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物(与主题有关)或某一具全事物的态度。表达作者态度褒义、中性和贬义的手段主要有1)加入形容词定语；2)加入副词状语；3)特殊动词。英语中有些动词也表明说话者的正负态度，如：fail(未能)、ignore(忽视
3、)、overestimate(估计过高)等动词表示一种负态度。由上可知，确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。小技巧：辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。表示贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment.表示褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admi
4、ring表示中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,disinterested,disinterest.例：The author appears _ modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to c.to dislike D.to know how to deal withOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice
5、of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.CThe fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the 1960s
6、 when packaged food first appeared with the label:“store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily;the grocer,the butcher(肉商),the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times,a week.The Sunday meat would last until Wednesd
7、ay and surplus(剩余的)bread and milk became all kinds of cakes.Nothing was wasted,and we were never troubled by rotten food.Thirty years on,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food
8、 preservation.A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling.What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price
9、.Consequently,most of the worlds fridges are to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.Every winter,millions of fridges hum away continuously,and at vast expense,busily maintaining a
10、n artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside,nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.If you dont believe me,try it yourself,invest
11、 in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter.You may miss the hamburgers(汉堡包),but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.1.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to peopl
12、e two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.2.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?a.Inventors b.Consumers c.Manufacturers d.Travelling salesman3.What is the authors overall attitude toward
13、 fridges?a.Neutral b.Critical c.Objective d.Compromising以上三题是较为典型的有关作者观点、态度的综合判断题。1、D）。从表面上看该题的线索词“nothing was wasted”出现在第二段，但第二段中出现的细节属于具体现象，不足以说明题干的问题。而在第三段中，作者指出了在冰箱发明之前已经有行之有效的食物储存方法。由此可见，二、三段之间构成了逻辑上的因果关系，因而正确答案为D）。该题旨在考查考生依据特殊现象（第二段）归纳出一般规律（第三段）的逻辑分析能力。2、B）。这道题考查考生在语篇层面上综合已知信息，进行归纳判断的能力。作者在第四段指出“What refrigeration did promote was marketing”,即制造商、电力、食品供应商从中受益，但没有“谁最不受益”的具体表述。在接下来的第五、六段，作者指出了冰箱的种种弊端，并作出结论“its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant”。所以“最不受益者”应当是消费者本人。3、B）。作者对冰箱的态度可以通过综合第三、四、五、六段的段首句（主题句）的内容得出。总之，判断作者的观点、态度，应当用联系的观点、综合的方法来进行，而不能依靠只言片语主观众臆断。谢谢各位！请批评指正！
