1、Unit 1课下题型练(二)Grammar and usage.阅读理解AAll too often, a choice that seems sustainable (可持续的) turns out on closer examination to be problematic.Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol (乙醇) for fuel from corn.Corn is a renewable resource you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitles
2、sly.So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but thats not the end of the problem.Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to
3、feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food.That result leads to turning the fallow land including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide into the air.Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning e
4、thanol would make up for the forest loss.But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete lifecycle analysis of its environmental costs.Even then, technology and public policy keep deve
5、loping, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results.The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.语篇解读： 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了可持续性发展的判断依据以及相关的一些事实。1What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?AThe growing demand for
6、 energy to make ethanol.BThe increasing carbon dioxide in the air.CThe greater need for farmland.DThe big change in weather.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That result leads to turning the fallow land including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil”可知，对于农田的需要导致森林被砍伐，故选C项。2The underlined word “it”
7、in the second paragraph refers to Athe energy benefitBthe forest lossCclimate changeDburning ethanol解析：选A代词指代题。根据画线词上文中的“Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss.”可知，it指前文提到的the energy benefit。故选A项。3What does the author mainly discuss in the
8、 text? ATechnology.BSustainability.CEthanol energy.DEnvironmental protection.解析：选B主旨大意题。通过全文可知，作者主要谈论的是可持续性的判断依据以及相关的一些事实，故选B。 BA car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you.Eating the right kind of food is very important.It can help your body grow strong to take care of what
9、you eat.There are four main food groups altogether.The dairy group has food like milk，cheese and sour milk.The other three groups are the meat and fish group，the fruit and vegetable group，and the bread and rice group.Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups.With all these fo
10、od together，you will be given enough energy during the day.It is easy to get into bad eating habits.You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time.Or you may not have time for a good lunch.It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time.But you will find yours
11、elf tired in these days and you can not think quickly.Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong.It is also good to take some exercise.It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air.Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your he
12、alth.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了合理饮食和运动是保持健康的关键。 4The underlined word “dairy” in the second paragraph means Athe food made out of cows such as milk and butterBthe shop that sells milk and butterCa farm where cows are keptDa place where milk products are made解析：选A词义猜测题。根据下文中的milk，cheese and sour milk可推知，da
13、iry的含义是“用奶牛产出的像牛奶和黄油类的食物”。故选A。5Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?AEggs, tomatoes and chicken.BMilk, bread, cabbages and beef.CCorn, fish, cream and pork.DRice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段前四句尤其是第四句“Each meal should have at least one food from all four m
14、ain groups.”可知，牛奶、面包、卷心菜和牛肉为最全面，最好的饮食搭配，故选B。6In this passage the writer mainly tells us that Aevery person needs food to grow wellBtaking exercise can keep your body strongCright kind of food with exercise will keep you healthyDenough energy helps people think more quickly解析：选C主旨大意题。文章最后一句“Having a
15、good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.”是主题句。在文中作者谈到了饮食类型和饮食习惯，还谈到了锻炼的作用，而这些都影响着人的身体健康，故选C。.完形填空With all the reports of how unhealthy fast food is, why is anybody still eating it? The 1 is, it is cheap, convenient and filling.The problem is that just one fast food meal can pr
16、ovide enough calories, sodium and fat for an 2 day or more！Eating fast food too often can 3 a variety of different health problems 4 obesity.A recent study from Reuters 5 that fast food companies are increasing 6 to market themselves to children through television ads and websites geared to kids.In
17、fact, the fast food industry 7 more than 4.2 billion in 2009 on marketing and advertising! Why do companies spend so much money on child targeted advertising? Because it 8 These commercials cause our children to hunger for these 9 foods.And with the average child 10 to over 40，000 commercials a year
18、, it is no 11 children have a desire for fast food.Because of the epidemic (频发) of the childhood obesity, San Francisco passed a law about fast food.The law, which took 12 on 1 December 2011, limits the fast food industrys practice of 13 toys with childrens meals.Kids meals must meet certain nutriti
19、onal standards before they can be sold with toys.They must be less than 600 calories, contain fruits or vegetables and include beverages (饮料) without excessive fat or sugar.Toys tend to attract children to these kids meals so certainly this law will 14 Eating fast food doesnt have to be a disaster.T
20、here are ways to make healthy 15 So while the healthier choices are there, its really up to the consumer to pay close attention while ordering.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了快餐存在的理由，并认为明智的选择才是关键。1A.troubleBfactCreasonDdisaster解析：选C根据上句中的why .可知，此处是对它的回答，故C项正确。2A.entireBordinaryCaverageDextra解析：选A此处指一整天或更长时间。ent
21、ire整个的，符合语境，故A项正确。3A.stand forBresult fromCbring inDlead to解析：选D由语境可知，经常吃快餐会导致种种不同的健康问题。lead to导致，符合语境，故D项正确。4A.regardingBjudgingCincludingDfollowing解析：选C根据语境可知，这些健康问题包括肥胖。故C项正确。5A.showsBlearnsCthinksDwonders解析：选A根据that从句的内容可知，应该是最近的研究表明。故A项正确。6A.moneyBpressureCdangersDefforts解析：选D根据语境可知，快餐公司正努力通过电视
22、广告和适用于儿童的网站开发儿童市场。故D项正确。7A.spentBgainedCcompletedDsaved解析：选Aspend .on .意为“把花费在上”，此处指2009年花费了不止42亿美元。故A项正确。8A.mattersBexistsCremainsDworks解析：选D下句表述这些广告使孩子们渴望这些食品，由此可知，广告起了作用。故D项正确。9A.importantBnaturalCunhealthyDuncommon解析：选C根据第一句中的关键信息unhealthy fast food及上下文语境可判断，此处是指这些不健康的食品。故C项正确。10A.stuckBappealed
23、CexposedDaddicted解析：选C此处指广告随处可见，孩子们受到了广告的影响。be exposed to遭受，暴露于，符合语境，故C项正确。11A.troubleBwonderCworryDneed解析：选B根据语境可知，在广告的影响下，孩子们渴望快餐并不奇怪。固定句式Its no wonder that .表示“是不足为奇的”。故B项正确。12A.measuresBeffectCstepsDrisks解析：选B此处指该法令于2011年12月1日生效。take effect生效，符合语境，故B项正确。13A.giving offBgiving outCgiving upDgiving
24、 away解析：选D该法令限制快餐行业随着儿童食物向儿童赠送玩具。give away赠送，符合语境。故D项正确。14A.stopBhelpCchangeDlast解析：选B玩具吸引孩子们买这些儿童食物，所以这项法令对孩子们的健康是有帮助的。故B项正确。15A.plansBdecisionsCchoicesDchanges解析：选C此处表述吃快餐不一定就是灾难，有方法让大家做出健康的选择，下一句中的healthier choices属于同词复现。故C项正确。.语法填空Eating at restaurants hasnt always been known as the best choice
25、for people who are trying to keep a healthy diet.It is 1 (extreme) hard for people to avoid food that isnt so good for them when dining out.However, you dont have to give 2 your love of restaurants.There are 3 (way) that you can eat healthier food when dining out.One method is to take time 4 (read)
26、the nutrition information.Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website.If you know youre going to visit 5 certain restaurant, you should check the website first.If no nutrition information 6 (list), you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order.Another way is to think abou
27、t not eating cream or butter sauces.Instead, consider 7 (choose) a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories (卡路里)All restaurants have water available.Whether it is free 8 you have to buy it, you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda, which co
28、ntains a lot of calories.Eating out doesnt have to be an unhealthy 9 (decide) as long as you make wise choices.You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be 10 (please) with your choices later on.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在外面吃饭时应如何健康地饮食。1extremely考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词hard，故填副词extremely。2up考查介词。gi
29、ve up意为“放弃；辞去”。3ways考查名词的单复数。由前面的There are可知，后面的way应用复数。4to read考查非谓语动词。take time to do sth意为“花时间做某事”。5a考查冠词。restaurant 是可数名词且在此处表泛指，故填a。6is listed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。information与list之间是被动关系，且此处表示一般情况，又因information为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，故填is listed。7choosing考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth意为“考虑做某事”。8or考查连词。whether .or .意为“不管还是”。9decision考查词性转换。由空前an unhealthy 可知，此处应填名词decision。10pleased考查词性转换。be pleased with sth意为“对某事满意”。
