1、上海市七宝中学2016年高三英语模拟考试(二)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use o
2、ne word that best fits each blank.(A) Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine (25) _ people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attrac
3、tive. However, there may be other reasons- for example, economic reasons - (26) _ they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building (27) _ (need)? In my view, new architectural s
4、tyles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own home town of Tours (28) _ modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. (29) _ _ _ the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much,
5、it often improves the attractiveness of the area. It is true that there are examples of new buildings which (30) _ (spoil) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people a
6、re naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change. Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner (31) _ (move) things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living i
7、n caves. Thus, I would argue (32) _ copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.(B)Working with a group of baboons (狒狒)in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set
8、baboons learning tasks (33) _ (involve) a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, (34) _ others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presen
9、ted them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The (35) _ (brave) baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food
10、just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, (36) _ being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons (37) _ (compare) with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were
11、 relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it (38) _ (show) that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something (39) _ has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The f
12、indings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societi
13、es through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members, (40) _ (prevent) the formation o
14、f a culture based on social learning.Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.arrivalsB.dramaticallyC.absent D.astonishing AB.embarrassing AC.remained AD.mixed BC.devotion BD
15、.grantedCD.abandonedABC.oppression The decade of the 1920s was like no other period that Americans of the time could imagine. World War I-the”war to end all wars”-had just concluded, and the world seemed suddenly a much smaller place. The stock market grew at a(n) _41_ rate. Everyone seemed to have
16、plenty of money to spend and plenty of leisure time in which to enjoy it. Girls known as”flappers”(轻佻女子) _42_ the modest styles embraced by their mothers for scandalous fashions that included silk stockings, knee-length hemlines, bobbed hair, and cosmetics. Young men vied to see who could sit atop a
17、 flagpole the longest or who could swallow the largest number of live goldfish. Indeed, it seemed that the Roaring Twenties howled with exuberance(旺盛的精力), daring, and a(n) _43_ to all that was “modern”. However, the period could just as accurately be called the Decade of Paradox(自相矛盾). Although it w
18、as a time of prosperity and enormous social and cultural changes, it was also a time of class conflict and _44_. The United States _45_ in many ways the land of opportunity, but it no longer welcomed immigrants. Workers worried that poor new _46_ would take away their jobs. Wealthy businessmen worri
19、ed that “un-American” ideas about workers rights might erode their power and reduce their profits. The government pursued an isolationist course and enacted legislation that _47_ reduced the number of foreign-born immigrants permitted to enter the country. The decade brought _48_ blessings for women
20、 and families also. Although the Nine-tenth Amendment to the Constitution _49_ women the right to vote in 1920, the Supreme Court overturned progress achieved in minimum-wage and child-labor laws. In 1929 the government withdrew its support for health programs that were intended to help children and
21、 pregnant women living in rural regions of the country. An energized Ku Klux Klan in the South terrorized African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants. The wealth so evident in the industrialized North was notably _50_ in rural areas, especially in black communities. Poverty drove millions of
22、African Americans to the North and the West in search of jobs, and the influx of people into cities such as New York, Detroit, and St.Louis was not without problems. These places, however, also became famous as the centers of a vibrant culture created by African American artists, writers, and musici
23、ans who were among the greatest talents of the era.III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1927, a scientist named Charles E
24、lton developed the concept of the food chain to describe the independence of of all organisms within an ecosystem.Living things that create their own food, such as green plants, are called autotrophs. They are the first link in the food chain because they (51)_ the suns energy and use it to convert
25、inorganic compounds, such as minerals, into energy-rich organic compounds such as sugars and proteins. Living things that create their own food are sometimes called (52)_Above producers in food chains are the heterotrophs, sometimes called consumers, which (53)_ other organisms for food. Herbivores
26、are considered first-level consumers: they are animals that eat only (54)_. Carnivores - animals that eat only meat - are second-level consumers. Food chains (55)_ the amount of energy transferred as nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem. Food chains demonstrate that the (56)_ o
27、f all life forms in an ecosystem depends on the success of all the others.The expression food chain, however, is misleading as a metaphor. It is true that a field of thick grass, full of sugars and proteins produced using energy from sunlight, provides nutritional energy for a colony of rabbits that
28、 (57)_ become an energy source for foxes. In this example, foxes are at the top of the food chain. If there is an infestation(大量滋生) of grasshoppers or a drought that destroys the grass, then the number of rabbits declines, bringing about a(n)(58)_ in the population of foxes.(59) _, no group of feedi
29、ng relationships is this simple, and scientists illustrate these more complicated relationships as food webs. Food webs can be envisioned(想象) as a number of food chains (60)_ together. Many (61)_ creatures depend on grass for food. Also, rabbits eat a wide variety of plants (62)_ grass; foxes will e
30、at almost any small animals, including insects, worms, mice, and fish, as well as eggs and carrion. (63)_ or problems in the food supply at any level can have widespread effects. A food web does not have a(n) (64)_ dominant species at the top; it is a regenerative(能再生的) cycle, and in addition to pro
31、ducts and consumers, it also includes decomposers. Decomposers are organisms such as bacteria that survive by (65)_ the chemical energy from dead plants and animals and from waste material. This energy is returned to the earth in the form of nutrients and can be used again by vegetation.51.A.reflect
32、B.captureC.supplyD.save52.A.producersB.consumersC.demandersD.defenders53.A.take upB.account forC.depend onD.apply to54.A.beansB.grassC.plantsD.meat55.A.wasteB.createC.absorbD.track56.A.lossB.recycleC.extinctionD.survival57.A.in turnB.on purposeC.in particularD.on average58.A.consequenceB.reductionC.
33、increaseD.explosion59.A.MoreoverB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Therefore60.A.presentedB.linkedC.extendedD.varied61.A.helplessB.smallC.differentD.intelligent62.A.in replace ofB.in accordance withC.in return forD.in addition to63.A.ConcernsB.RelationsC.ChangesD.Benefits64.A.unexpectedB.singleC.mysteriousD.unkn
34、own65.A.storingB.turningC.directingD.removingSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the
35、 passage you have just read.(A)Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball. Shay asked, Do you think theyll let me play? Shays father knew that most of the boys would notwant someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his so
36、n,mentally andphysically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much needed sense of belonging and some confidence.Shays father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much.The boy looked around and said,Were losing by six runs (分) and the gam
37、e is in the eighthinning (局). I guess he can be on our team and well try to put him in to bat in the final inning.Shay struggled over to the teams bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart.The boys saw the fathers joy at his s
38、on being accepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shays team scored a few runs but was still behind by three.In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field.Even though no hits came his way, hewas obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field.In the bottom
39、of the final inning, Shays teamscored again.Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat.Would they let Shay bat and give away theirchance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat.Everyone knew thata hit was almost impossible.The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed.The pitcher again took a
40、 few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay.As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game.Inst
41、ead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates.The audience and the players from both teams startedscreaming, Shay, run to first! Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base,wide eyed and shocked.Everyone shouted
42、, Run to second ! Catching hisbreath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitchers inte
43、ntions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head.All were screaming, Shay, Shay, Shay, all the way Shay. Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, Shay, run to third. As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, Sh
44、ay, run home! Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world.Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being
45、 the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!66. Not expecting much, Shays father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because thefather _.A. noticed some of the boys on the field were hesitatingB. guessed his prese
46、nce would affect the boys decisionC. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay wellD. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted67. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _.A. believed they were sure to win the gameB. would like to help Shay enjoy t
47、he gameC. found Shay was so eager to be a winnerD. felt forced to give Shay another chance68. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head, probably because that boy _.A. was obviously aware of the pitchers purposeB. looked forward to winning the game for his teamC. fail
48、ed to throw the ball to the second basemanD. saw that Shay already reached second base69.What do you think is the theme of the story？A.True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each otherB.Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabledC.Everyone can develop his t
49、eam spirit in sports and please his parentsThe results of the game should not be the only concern of the players (B) Our company, Eastern Energy, is here to help and provide you with personal advice on any matters connected with your bill or any other questions about your gas and electricity supply.
50、Moving Home Please give as much notice as possible if you are moving home, but at least 48 hours required for us to make the necessary arrangements for your gas and electricity supply. Please telephone our 24-hour line at 0131 6753 219 with details of your move. In most eases we are happy to accept
51、your meter reading on the day you move. Tell the new occupant(住户) that Eastern Energy supplies the household, to ensure the service is not interrupted. Remember we can now supply electricity and gas at your new address, anywhere in the UK. If you do not contact us, you may be held responsible for th
52、e payment for electricity used after you have moved.Meter ReadingEastern Energy uses various types of meter ranging from the traditional dial meters to new technology digital display meters. Always read the meter from left to right, ignoring any red dials. If you require assistance, contact our 24-h
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54、ts We hope you will never have a problem or cause to complain, but, if you do, please contact our complaints handling team at PO Box 220, Stanfield ST55 6GF or telephone us on 0131675320.Supply Failure If you experience any problems with your electricity supply, please call free at 0600 7838 836, 24
55、 hours a day, seven days a week.70. If an occupant wants to make sure how much electricity he has consumed, which number should he (she) dial? A.0600 7838 836 B.0600 7310 310 C.01316 440188 D.01316 75321971.When an occupant moves home,he(she) should _.A. ask Eastern Energy to read the meter and pay
56、the billB. telephone Eastern Energy to stop the electricity supplyC. leave the electricity bill with the new occupantD. pay Eastern Energy for the electricity in advance72.The following statements are true Except _.A. Eastern Energy uses traditional meters digital meters.B. Passwords are needed when
57、 Eastern Energy staff visit occupants homeC. Complaints can be done orally or in written wordD. Eastern Energy supplies electricity only in Eastern Britain (C) In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who
58、 use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experie
59、nce, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes coll
60、ective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researchers me, here, now becomes the communitys anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery cl
61、aim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling th
62、e publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between
63、 shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery. Two paradoxes(自相矛盾) exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge th
64、at is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will al
65、ways be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But
66、thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim a process that corresponds to what philosophe
67、r Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each others reasoning and each others conceptions of reason.”73. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its _. .A. uncertainty and complexity.B. misc
68、onception and deceptiveness.C. logicality and objectivity.D. systematicness and regularity.74. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires _. .A. strict inspection.B. shared efforts.C. individual wisdom.D. persistent innovation.75.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim be
69、comes credible after it _. .A. has attracted the attention of the general public.B. has been examined by the scientific community.C. has received recognition from editors and reviewers.D. has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.76. Albert Szent-Gyrgyi would most likely agree that _. .A. scient
70、ific claims will survive challenges.B. discoveries today inspire future research.C. efforts to make discoveries are justified.D. scientific work calls for a critical mind.77. Which of the following would be the best title of the test? A. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.B. Exact observ
71、ation in Scientific Discovery.C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.D. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Rain forests, found in Earth?s temperate a
72、nd tropical zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. Though currently accounting for less than 7 percent of earths surface, rain forests are estimated by scientists to contain half of the worlds known plant and animal species. Most rain forests are located within the
73、 tropical band on either side of the equator, in south and central America, central Africa, and southeast Asia. Large temperate rain forests can be found in the northweatern United States and in southwestern Canada near the coast of the Pacific Ocean.All rain forests share certain distinctive featur
74、es, including a closed canopy, a humid climate, and relatively uniform temperatures throughout the year. From the air, the forest canopy - the impenetrable(不能穿透的) leaves of the uppermost branches that forms a roof above the forest floor - is a solid mass of greenery. Most of the forests groundgrowth
75、, by comparison, is poor. Less than 2 percent of the suns light penetrates the canopy the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, prevents plant growth. Annual rainfall in rain forests ranges from about 200 to 1000 centimeters a year. Temperatures in tropical rain fo
76、rests often hover around 27 .Rain forests are an essential part of Earths total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and recycled into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration. Tree roots also hold the soil in place and slow the runoff of rain
77、s into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis, rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem. Unfortunately, the rain forests are shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of ranching(放牧), logging(伐木), and mining. W
78、hen tropical rain forests are cleared in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly wear out. When farmers move on to new areas, torrential rains and blazing sun leave the land fertile and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the habitat
79、 of untold millions of birds, insects and reptiles. By some estimates, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)79. According to the scientists estimate, there
80、 are some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the rain forest because _.80. _ leads to the poverty of the undergrowth of the rain forest.81. List one example to show rain forest is a vital part of earths ecology.82. How do ranching, logging and mining cause harm to rain forest? 第II 卷 (共47
81、分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 买房时,我们应该把装修的费用考虑进去。(turn)2. 既然他们已经答应要弥补你的损失,你在向他们抱怨就没有意思的。(point)3. 能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在高中生面前的一道难题。(It)4. 这篇文章叙述了这个城市面临的从失业到环境污染等诸多问题。(range)5. 她一看完那个关于云南的电视节目,就决定暑假去那里游山玩水,品尝美食。(No sooner)
82、II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.高考是全社会关注的大事,学校和家庭表现尤为突出。家庭成员对考生从学习到生活给予无微不至的“关怀”,结果却给考生带来负面影响。根据图画所描述的内容写一篇文章,并发表自己的观点。KEY25. whether26. why27. is needed28. where29. As long as30. have spoiled31. to mo
83、ve32. against33. involving34. while35. braver36. despitepared38. shows39. that40. preventing41-45D, CD, BC, ABC, AC46-50A, B, AD, BD, C51-55BACCD56-60DABCB61-65CDCBD66-69DBAA70-72BAD73-76ABBDC78. it contains half of the worlds known plant and animals79. lack of sunlights along with poor quality of soils80. It absorbs more CO2 and gives off more oxygen.81. By making nutrient-poor soils quickly wear out and destroying the habitat.翻译&作文 略
