1、第5课时锁定上下逻辑攻克任务型阅读 题组一体验真题Passage 1(2015江苏卷)People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediat
2、e reward and delayed reward.In general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，
3、education，and health.News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh
4、understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyanceas，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling
5、market，scarce housing，and cancer.It has a kind of “threat value”It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the othe
6、r kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports
7、 story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive
8、not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kin
9、ds of reward.What news stories do you read？Division of news storiesPeople expect to get (1)_ from reading news.News stories are roughly divided into two classes.Some news will excite their readers instantly while others wont.(2)_of the two classesNews of immediate reward will seemingly take their re
10、aders to the very frightening scene without actual (3)_Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (4)_ similar feelings with those involved.News of delayed reward will make readers suffer，or present a (5)_ to them.News of delayed reward will induce the reader
11、 to (6)_ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (7)_ from the reality.Unstable boundaries of the two classesWhat readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (8)_Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (9)_ them
12、selves to the reality.Thus，the division，on the whole，(10)_on the reader.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们选择新闻阅读的两种期待：一种是“immediate reward”，一种是“delayed reward”。文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论，分析了不同人群对新闻报道的看法、接受习惯和反应特征。1rewards/rewardedks5u信息转换题。根据第一段第一句“People select news in expectation of a reward.”可知。 2Explanationsks5u信息归纳题。根据
13、右栏内容可知。3involvementks5u信息转换题。根据第三段第一、二句“News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知。4shareks5u信息归纳题。根据第三段中的“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience.at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知。5thre
14、atks5u信息查找题。根据第四段中的“.for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer.It has a kind of threat value”可知。6prepareks5u信息转换题。根据第四段中的“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知。prepare for：为
15、做准备。7withdrawks5u信息查找题。根据第四段最后一句“When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”可知。8profession(s)/intention ks5u信息归纳题。根据最后一段中的“For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than.A coach.A politic
16、ian may.but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.”可知，不同职业的人们由于专业不同或出于不同的目的，所看的新闻也不同，并不能简单地分成两类。9adaptks5u信息查找题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“.a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.”以及第四段倒数第二句“
17、When a reader selects.to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知10dependsks5u信息归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kinds of rewa
18、rd.”可推知，对新闻的期待基本上取决于读者自己。depend on：取决于。Passage 2(2014江苏卷)The expression，“everybodys doing it，”is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group，especially of children，on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative
19、.Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature，and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others.This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers，or the fear of disapproval，is such a powerful force in many
20、 peoples lives.It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work，or to answer“fine”when a stranger asks“how are you？”even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this：it helps society to function efficiently，and encourages a general leve
21、l of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.For certain individuals，seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction；in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use
22、 drugs，or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work，or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to“keep up with the
23、Joneses.”However，peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or to help
24、 an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves，and encourage them to p
25、olitely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.Similarly，it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了同龄人压力对一个人的积极和消极的影响，以及应该如何去做才能消除同龄人压力的不利影响。1feelingks5u信息归纳题。根据第一段第二句“It is a strong influence of a group，especially
26、 of children，on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.”可知。peer pressure(同龄人压力)是指同龄人的行为会影响到同一群体另外的年轻人的行为。也就是说同龄人压力会让我们有一种强烈的感觉(feeling)要做和同龄人一样的事情。2influencesks5u信息转换题。根据第一段第二、三句“It is a strong influence of a group，especially of children，on members of that group to behave as everybod
27、y else does.It can be positive or negative.”可知，同龄人压力对每个人都会有一些影响，这种影响可能是积极的，也可能是消极的。3practicalks5u信息查找题。根据第二段最后一句“There is a practical aspect to this：It helps society to function efficiently，and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.”可知，同龄人压力会产生很多实际的影响。4
28、unconsciouslyks5u信息归纳题。根据第二段第三句“It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work，.”可知。unconsciously：无意识地。5individualsks5u信息查找题。根据第三段第一句中的For certain individuals可知，同龄人压力对个人会产生很大的影响。6moralks5u信息归纳题。根据第三段第一、二句“.in order to satisfy the desire，they may go so far
29、 as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs，or join gangs that encourage criminal behaviour.”可知，同龄人压力会让人丧失道德准则，不辨是非，甚至违法犯罪。7spiritks5u信息归纳题。根据第四段第三句“Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.”可知，同龄人压力也有
30、积极的影响，为了帮助自己所在的运动队获胜，他们会有团队合作精神。故总结概括使用名词spirit。8habitsks5u信息查找题。根据第四段第四句“This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.”可知，同龄人压力也可以帮助人们养成好的习惯并抛弃一些不好的习惯。9independentks5u信息转换题。根据最后一段第二句“They teach kids to stand up and be themselves，.
31、”可知，要教会孩子独立，并做真正的自己。10noks5u信息转换题。根据最后一段第二句“.and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.”可知，要鼓励孩子拒绝去做一些他们认为是错误的事情。句中的decline转换成say no to。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。How to Release CreativityAccording to most dictionaries，cre
32、ativity is the ability to create.However，creativity is more than what is defined by the dictionary.It is an idea，a process，a thought，or a state of mind.One cannot learn to be creative because creativity is natural and unique to each individual.People should know that creativity doesnt equal success.
33、It equals the act of expressing.So，if at first the goal that is aimed for is not achieved，there is no need for worry or frustration.Creativity can，however，be released by discovery.Some people need encouragement to help release their creativity.There are quite a few ways to release it.One way to rele
34、ase creativity would be to look for what can inspire you.Looking at the world and admiring the differences in people and places help.Creativity can be drawn from their beauty.A person can touch，taste，smell，hear，and see hundreds of different objects.Aromas from foods，textures of blankets，and sight of
35、 unusual objects can all give inspiration.Many people are too concerned with how things should look.The focus should be on how it actually looks in the raw，to the human eye.Colours and shapes can be distorted(扭曲) by the mere fact that people want others to see it for what it is.Its more difficult fo
36、r someone to let go of all that and just let their creativity flow，unblocked. Another way to get the creativity flowing is to research what other artists have done or are currently doing.Their cultures and biographies alone can be an inspiration.Examining their works can help some appreciate artisti
37、c expression.New techniques can even be drawn from their works.Some people are even inspired by everyday events，like reading the newspaper or watching the news.Some can take other peoples situations and describe how it makes them feel.That is a way to release creativity.Controversial issues，such as
38、war or abortion，can inspire writings like poems.They can be used to express death，loss，or tragedy.General topics such as religion or politics can branch off into many directions，sending creativity into overdrive.Creativity is not about reaching a goal or being a perfectionist.Its about being，feeling
39、，and taking all that is inside and letting it out in one way or another.Creativity is not always expressed by paintings，drawings，or writings.Ones action is the main form to express creativity.Romance，for example，is a form of creativity.Love and emotion are inspired by one person for another.Taking s
40、omething inside and then putting it back out into the world as another thing is the key of creativity.Knowing and loving someone so much that there is a need to express it is a very natural form of creativity.Another form of expressing creativity is talking.Some people are more blessed in this area
41、than in more obvious ones，such as painting or drawing.They paint a “word picture”Speeches can be centred around new ideas and thoughts.It can contain all of ones being and transform it into either simple or complicated words.Inspiration is vital to creativity.Even if its only a slight feeling or tho
42、ught that inspires.Creativity can be released each time attempts are made to use the body as an outlet.Remember that creativity is not an art form，but that it forms art.How to Release CreativityOutlinesDetailsThe writers understanding of creativityCreativity is more than just a (1) _ given in the di
43、ctionary. (2) It is an idea，a process，a thought，or a state of mind.It is natural and unique to each individual.It equals (2)_ rather than success.Ways to (3) _creativityWe can look for what can inspire us through five (4) _We shouldnt be too concerned with the (5)_ of things.We can get the creativit
44、y flowing by (6)_ what other artists have done or are doing and examining their works.We can draw inspiration from both everyday events and (7)_ issues.Forms of expressing creativityCreativity can be expressed by paintings，drawings or (8) _；actions used (9)_ to show their knowing and loving someone；
45、speeches containing new ideas and thoughts.ConclusionInspiration is of great (10)_to creativity. Art is an expressive form of creativity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何释放自己的创造力，并给出了几个方面的建议。1definitionks5u信息转换题。根据文章第一段第二句“However，creativity is more than what is defined by the dictionary.”进行转换。2expressionks5u信息转
46、换题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“It equals the act of expressing.”进行转换。3release ks5u信息查找题。从文章的标题How to Release Creativity及右栏内容查找信息。4sensesks5u信息归纳题。根据文章第三段第四句“A person can touch，taste，smell，hear，and see hundreds of different objects.”进行归纳。5look/appearance/outsideks5u信息转换题。根据文章第四段第一句“Many people are too concerned wit
47、h how things should look.”进行转换。6researching/studyingks5u信息转换题。根据文章第五段第一句“Another way to get the creativity flowing is to research what other artists have done or are currently doing.”进行转换。7controversialks5u信息查找题。从文章第六段第四句“Controversial issues，such as war or abortion，can inspire writings like poems.”
48、中查找信息。8writings ks5u信息查找题。从文章第七段第三句“Creativity is not always expressed by paintings，drawings，or writings.”中查找信息。9mostly/mainlyks5u信息转换题。根据文章第七段第四句“Ones action is the main form to express creativity.”进行转换。10significance/importanceks5u信息转换题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Inspiration is vital to creativity.”进行转换。Passage
49、2请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.On the contrary，both their knowledge and experience are enriched.We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming(把按能力分班) pupils.It does not take account of the fact
50、that children develop at different rates.It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children.After all，it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！Besides，it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(智力的) ability.This is only o
51、ne aspect for their total personality.We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full，but not just their academic ability.We also value personal qualities and social skills，and we find that mixedability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms，w
52、e work in various ways.The pupils often work in groups.This gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skills.They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think，to make decisions，to analyze and evaluate，and to communicate effe
53、ctively.The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs；sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments，and they can do this at their own speed.They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate.We encourage our pupils to use th
54、e library，and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently.An advanced pupil can do advanced work.It does not matter what age the child is.We expect our pupils to do their best，not their least，and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.Topic: Pupils-streamed Teach
55、ing or Mixed-ability TeachingIntroductionBright children can enrich their knowledge and (1)_ through mixed-ability teaching.(2) _in streaming pupilsHave a bad (3)_ on both the bright and not-so-bright children. (4)_ the pupils who are at the bottom of the top grade.(5) _of mixed-ability teaching(6)_
56、 pupils full abilities.Give them the (7)_ to learn to cooperate and to share.Develop leadership skills.Help to learn how to (8)_ personal problems.Help to learn how to think，to make decisions，to analyze and evaluate and to communicate effectively.CommentPersonal qualities and (9)_ skills are (10)_ f
57、or those who support mixed-ability teaching.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。聪明的孩子很少受到因混合能力编班教学的影响，相反，他们的知识和经验得到丰富。而按能力高低分班的教学却有许多缺点，它会对聪明的和不太聪明的孩子有不好的影响。1experienceks5u信息查找题。从文章第一段第二句“.both their knowledge and experience are enriched.”中查找信息。2Disadvantagesks5u信息查找题。从文章第一段第三句“We feel that there are many disadvantages
58、 in streaming(把按能力分班)pupils.”中查找信息。3effectks5u信息查找题。从文章第一段第五句“It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright children.”中查找信息。4Discourageks5u信息转换题。根据文章第一段第六句“After all，it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade！”进行转换。5Advantagesks5u信息归纳题。根据文章第二至第四段可知将不同能力的学生放
59、在一起学习的好处。6Develop ks5u信息查找题。从文章第二段第一句“We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full，but not just their academic ability.”中查找信息。7opportunity/chanceks5u信息查找题。从文章第三段第三句“This gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skills.”中查找信息。8solv
60、eks5u信息转换题。根据文章第三段第四句“They also learn how to cope with personal problems.”进行转换。9socialks5u信息查找题。从文章第二段第二句“We also value personal qualities and social skills，.”中查找信息。10importantks5u信息转换题。根据文章第二段第二句“We also value personal qualities and social skills，.”进行转换。Passage 3请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词
61、。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism，we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.Its strange how mean we are about praising.Perhaps its because few of us kn
62、ow how to accept praise gracefully.Instead，we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear.Because of this defensive reaction，direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.Do you ever go into a house and say，“What a tidy room！” Hardly anybody does.Thats why housework is consi
63、dered such a boring job.Shakespeare said，“Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives，surely she is worthy of praise.Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still，we are unaware of childrens small achievemen
64、ts and we seldom apply the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling.“Can you never play peacefully？” I shouted.Susanna looked at me confused.“Of course I can，” she said.“But you dont notice us when we do.”Teachers agree about the value of praise.“I believe that a student knows when
65、 he has handed in something above his usual standard，” writes a teacher，“and that he is hungry for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it，too.”Behavioural scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act which has bee
66、n immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment，a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was constantly praised for its previous performance；another group was criticized；the third was ignored.Not surprisingl
67、y，those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved，too，but not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly，the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise，but the less able children，who reacted
68、badly to criticism，needed praise the most.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moments thought and a moments effortperhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments，or write an appreciative letter.It is such a small investmentand yet consider the results it may produce.We will not only bri
69、ng joy into other peoples lives，but also，very often，add happiness into our room.“I can live for two months on a good compliment，” said Mark Twain.Profits of PraiseThemeCompared with (1)_，praise should be valued and appreciated more.Reasons for unwillingness to give praiseWe feel embarrassed and igno
70、re the words pleasant to our ears (2)_ than accept them gracefully.We have (3)_giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction.Importance of praise in some casesA housewife (4)_to be praised for her sacrifices and devotion. A mother is supposed to be aware of her childrens small ach
71、ievements and (5)_ the rule of giving praise.A student waits (6)_for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard.Findings of experiments on profits of praiseEverybody (7)_to repeat an act if praised more often. Those who receive constant praise have made dr
72、amatic improvement.Unlike brilliant children，less able children (8)_ badly to criticism desperately need praise.(9)_It pays to make a moments (10)_ to pass on praise，for it brings added joy and happiness to our lives as well as others.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，阐述了不愿意表扬别人的原因，以及适当表扬的重要性和表扬的好处。1criticismks5u信息查找题
73、。从文章第一段第二句“It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism，we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.”中查找信息。2rather ks5u信息转换题。根据文章第二段第三句“Instead，we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear.”进行转换。3diff
74、iculty/trouble/problems ks5u信息转换题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Because of this defensive reaction，direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.”进行转换。4deservesks5u信息转换题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives，surely she is worthy of praise.”进行转换。be worthy of相当于deserve。5applyks5u信息查找
75、题。从文章第四段第二句“Still，we are unaware of childrens small achievements and we seldom apply the rule.”中查找信息。6hungrily/eagerly/desperatelyks5u信息转换题。根据文章第五段中的that he is hungry for a brief comment in the margin进行转换。7tends ks5u信息转换题。根据文章第六段第一句“Behavioural scientists have done countless experiments to prove tha
76、t people have a tendency to repeat an act.”进行转换。8reacting/respondingks5u信息转换题。根据文章第七段最后一句“.but the less able children，who reacted badly to criticism，needed praise the most.”进行转换。9Conclusion/Summaryks5u信息归纳题。表格右边的内容是对全文的总结，故用Conclusion/Summary。10effortks5u信息查找题。从文章最后一段第一句“To give praise costs the giv
77、er nothing but a moments thought and a moments effort.”中查找信息。Passage 4请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Kids take risks.According to Laurence Steinberg，professor of psychology at Temple University and the author of Age of Opportunity：Lessons from the New Science of Adolescence，there
78、s not much parents can do to stop that.Risk-taking seems to be hard-wired into young brains，especially in adolescence.“Trying to get kids not to take risks”，he says，“is an uphill battle against evolution and endocrinology (内分泌学)，and were not going to win it”“Going out in the world is an essentially
79、risky thing to do，” he says.Kids have to take those risks in order to become adults.So how can parents help kids take the healthy risksand avoid dangerous ones?Elementary-aged kids，as every parent has observed，arent prone to long-term thinking.So most parental riskmanagement for kids at that age inv
80、olves protecting them from risky situations.“You could have a conversation with a 16-year-old，” about road safety，says Steinberg.But “you just want to stop the 8-year-old from driving”Still，its never too early for parents to encourage kids to think about consequences，both good and bad.So if kids hav
81、e questions about risky situations，parents can return ones of their own，like “Why do you want to do this? Do you think something good will happen? Do you think anything bad might happen？”Middle school kids are approaching adolescence，when body chemistry makes them more likely to engage in risksboth
82、good and bad.So parents can talk with them about the fact that theyre going to need to take more risks as they grow up.And start conversations about how to tell whether something is a good risk or a bad one.A risk，according to Steinberg，is a situation where “you dont really know in advance what the
83、outcome is going to be”But some risks are better than others.And this is a good time for parents to encourage kids to think about questions，like “What are the chances this will turn out well? What are the chances something might go wrong？”The risks high school kids are tempted to take might seem inc
84、omprehensible.But Steinberg says its important for parents to realize that from the kids point of view，“theres a positive aspect that may only be visible to the adolescent”And thats a good place to start a conversation.Understanding what motivates a kid to take a risk can help parents channel that m
85、otivation in positive ways and help kids avoid dangerous risks.Kids take those dangerous risks because they dont know better，says Steinberg.If you ask teenagers in the abstract about risky behavior，“they all know that theyre risky”But “in the heat of the moment(一时激动之下)”，says Steinberg，“the rational(
86、理性的) part of kids brains is often overpowered”So part of helping kids manage risks is helping them think about the kind of situations they do and dont want to be in before they get into them. How to Talk to Your Kids About Taking RisksIntroductionAll kids，especially (1)_，have an irresistible urge to
87、 take risks.It is (2)_ for kids to take risks in the world before they become adults.(3)_ on managing risksElementaryaged kidsDont try to persuade them to get away from risky situations，but (4)_ them away. Encourage them as (5)_ as possible to think about consequences，whether good or bad.Middle scho
88、ol kidsTell them it will be (6)_for them to take more risks during the course of growing up.Tell them the ways to (7) _good risks from bad ones.Encourage them to think about what the chances to succeed or fail are.High school kidsUnderstand the incomprehensible risks they take from their (8)_Underst
89、and and direct their (9)_in positive ways to avoid dangerous risks.ConclusionHelping kids think about the situations they want to be in or to avoid in (10)_ is a part of helping them manage risks.【语篇解读】文章给父母提出了一些当孩子尝试冒险时，如何和孩子谈话进行风险处置的建议。1adolescents ks5u信息转换题。根据第一段最后一句的“especially in adolescence”可知
90、答案。2essentialks5u信息转换题。根据第二段中的“Going out in the world is an essentially risky thing to do”可知答案。3Suggestions/Advice/Tipsks5u信息概括题。综合第四段到第七段内容，再结合表格右边信息可知，这里表示应对风险的建议。4keepks5u信息转换题。根据第四段可知，小学生年龄很小，给他们讲道理试图说服他们没有意义，应该直接让他们远离风险。keep.away“抑制接近，防止接近”。5early ks5u直接信息题。根据第五段第一句可直接得知答案。6necessary ks5u信息转换题。
91、根据第六段中的“So parents can talk with them about the fact that theyre going to need to take more risks as they grow up”可知答案。7tell/distinguishks5u直接信息题。根据第六段中的“And start conversations about how to tell whether something is a good risk or a bad one”可知答案。8view(s)/viewpoint(s)/perspective(s)ks5u信息转换题。根据第七段中的
92、“But Steinberg says its important for parents to realize that from the kids point of view”可知答案。9motivation(s)ks5u信息转换题。根据第七段中的“Understanding what motivates a kid to take a risk can help parents channel that motivation in positive ways and help kids avoid dangerous risks”可知答案。10. advanceks5u信息转换题。根据文
93、章最后一句中的“before they get into them”可知答案。in advance“提前”。Passage 5请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。We often close ourselves off when something bad happens in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us，we let it drive us deeper into ourselves.We try to deflect(转移)the hurt and pa
94、in by pretending it doesnt exist，but although we can try this all we want，in the end，we cant hide from ourselves.We need to learn to open our hearts to the potential of life and let the world soften us.The following will help you open your heart completely.1Breathe into painWhenever a painful situat
95、ion arises in your life，try to face it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt.When sadness strikes，take a deep breath and lean into it.When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives，it gets stronger and more real.We take a fleeting emotion and make it a solid event，instead of
96、 something that passes through us.2Hug the uncomfortableWe all know what anxiety feels like.We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks，the tightness in our stomachs，etc.We can practice hugging these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.The initial react
97、ion is to run awayto try and control these feelings by not acknowledging them.When we do this，we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most.Next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable，do yourself a favor and hug the feeling.Act in spite of the fear
98、.3Spend time aloneWhen you spend time alone，youre free from the influences of other people，and can truly open yourself and explore whatever youd like.See where your thoughts take you.The golden ticket here is not to let yourself become distracted；just see what its like to be alone.Although painful o
99、r even scary at first，by opening yourself up to these new feelings，youll add a whole new layer of depth，experience，and understanding to your life.4Get outside of yourselfThis may seem a little contradictory to the last tip，but in reality，they actually work hand in hand.After youve explored the depth
100、s of yourself，you come away with a new understanding of yourself.Now，its time to share thatnot through telling others，but through being with others.When youre in a group of people，try to give them your full energy and attention so you can understand them just as you did yourself.Appreciate their uni
101、queness，as if they were an extension of you.Lose yourself in the beauty of others; see what they can teach you about yourself.(1)_ on How to Open Your Heart to the WorldPassage outlineMain contextIntroductionIt is a(n) (2)_ for us to learn to open our hearts and let the world soften us when we come
102、across something bad.Breathe into painFace a painful situation rather than run away or hide it whenever it comes to you. Breathe (3)_and face sadness when it occurs.Sadness turns stronger and more real when we (4)_from it.Hug the uncomfortableDenying uncomfortable feelings will (5)_us experiencing w
103、hat we most need.Practice hugging uncomfortable feelings and let them show us where to go (6)_the fear.Spend time aloneYou will (7)_yourself of others influences and can truly open yourself and do anything you like when alone.Painful or even scary as it might be to be alone，you will (8)_up having a
104、better understanding of your life.Get outside of yourselfShare with others your new understanding of yourself by being with them. Devote your full energy and (9)_to understanding them the way you understood yourself.Appreciate the uniqueness and beauty of others and see what you can (10)_from them.【
105、语篇解读】文章主要讲述了当你遇到烦心事时如何完全敞开心扉，尽快使自己振作起来。1Tips/Suggestions/Adviceks5u信息概括题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“The following will help you open your heart completely”可知，文章主要提供了几条当你遇到烦心事时如何敞开心扉的建议。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。 2necessityks5u信息转换题。根据第一段中的“We need to learn to open our hearts to.”可知答案。3deeplyks5u信息转换题。根据第二段中的“When
106、sadness strikes，take a deep breath and lean into it”可知答案。4escape ks5u信息转换题。根据第二段中的“When we run away from sadness”可知答案。5prevent/stopks5u信息转换题。根据第四段中的“When we do this，we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most”可知答案。6despiteks5u信息转换题。根据第四段中的“Act in spite of the fea
107、r”可知答案。7ridks5u信息转换题。根据第五段中的“When you spend time alone，youre free from the influences of other people”可知答案。8endks5u信息概括题。根据第六段的内容可知答案。9attentionks5u直接信息题。根据最后一段中的“When youre in a group of people，try to give them your full energy and attention.”可直接得知答案。10learnks5u信息转换题。根据最后一段中的“see what they can teac
108、h you about yourself”可知答案。Passage 6请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Next to snakes and crocs，Australians imagine sharks to be the countrys most dangerous creature.Tim Winton，an author，calls sharks “our secular substitute for the Devil”Seven swimmers in three years have died from sh
109、ark attacks in Mr.Wintons home state of Western Australia.The states government，led by Colin Barnett，is now taking revenge.In late November a skilled surfer died from a shark attack.A week later a shark killed a 19-year-old in New South Wales.Mr.Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks to be set up of
110、fshore，marked by lines of baited hooks.Any shark caught more than three metres long was to be shot.The first shark snared in this strategy was shot on January 26th.Mr.Barnett says he has to “protect the people of Western Australia”But previously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shifting.
111、Plenty of Western Australians，along with environmentalists and shark experts，condemn the new policy.In early January，at the height of the summer holiday season，more than 4，000 protesters swamped Cottesloe Beach in Perth，with signs reading “Save Our Sharks”，“Science Not Slaughter” and “Cullin Barnett
112、”Of Australias 180 or so shark species，only a few are dangerous to humans: chiefly，bull sharks，tiger sharks and great whites，which are protected under federal law.Their numbers have suffered from the trade in shark fins for soup in Asia，which Australia and others have banned.Nonetheless，the federal
113、government has given its conservative counterpart in Western Australia an exemption from protecting great whites under its “catch-and-kill” policy.Despite the recent attacks，deaths from sharks are rarean average of just one person a year for the past half-century around Australias vast coastline，say
114、s the Australian Shark Attack File，a research outfit at Taronga Zoo in Sydney.By contrast，an average of 120 people drowns each year off beaches and in harbors and rivers.There has been no fatal shark attack at Bondi Beach in Sydney，Australias most popular strand，since 1929.But，like other busy New So
115、uth Wales beaches，Bondi has underwater nets fixed offshore.Queensland，too，uses nets as well as submerged hooks to keep sharks and humans apart.Perhaps this saves livesthough not the sharks.Neither state has a policy of shooting trapped sharks.Yet the nets and hooks are usually fatal.Of the 686 shark
116、s snared last year in Queensland，only 32 were released alive; the rest drowned or were “humanely killed” by patrols.Christopher Neff of the University of Sydney says Western Australias policy is a political response that will do little for public safety：“shooting sharks will not stop others coming i
117、n”Passage outlineSupporting detailsReasons for Australians killing sharksSharks are imagined to be the countrys (1)_most dangerous creature after snakes and crocs.Some swimmers fall (2)_to shark attacks.Reasons for protesters (3)_ killing sharksThe sharks that are dangerous to humans (4)_for only a
118、few of shark species.The number of certain sharks is (5) _due to the trade in shark fins.Deaths from shark attacks are not as (6) _as those from other causes.(7)_taken to protect humans from shark attacksSetting up nogo zones for sharks，(8) _by lines of baited hooks. Fixing underwater nets or submer
119、ged hooks offshore to (9) _ humans from sharksResult of the battle between humans and sharksMany sharks were caught，few of which (10)_.【语篇解读】由于鲨鱼伤人事件频发，澳大利亚对鲨鱼发起了攻击。1thirdks5u考查信息转换。根据第一段中的“Next to snakes and crocs，Australians imagine sharks to be the countrys most dangerous creature”可知鲨鱼被认为是澳大利亚第三大
120、危险生物，因此本题答案为third。2victimks5u考查信息转换。根据第一段的“Seven swimmers in three years have died from shark attacks”可知一些游泳者因受到鲨鱼袭击而死亡，因此本题答案为victim。fall victim to是固定用法，表示“受伤，被害”。3opposingks5u考查信息概括。根据表格右栏中的内容可知，此处阐述的是抗议者反对残杀鲨鱼的原因，故填opposing。4accountks5u考查信息转换。根据第四段第一句中的“Of Australias 180 or so shark species，only
121、a few are dangerous to humans”可知答案。account for“(数量、比例上)占”。5suffering/decreasingks5u考查信息转换。根据第四段的“Their numbers have suffered from the trade in shark fins for soup in Asia”可知鲨鱼数量在减少。6commonks5u考查信息转换。根据第五段第一句中的“deaths from sharks are rare”可知鲨鱼伤人事件很罕见，即并不是很普遍，故填common。7Measures/Action/Stepsks5u考查信息概括。
122、根据右栏中的内容可知此处讲的是政府为保护人类免受鲨鱼的袭击而采取的一些措施，因此答案为Measures/Action/Steps。8markedks5u考查直接信息。根据第二段的“marked by lines of baited hooks”可知答案为marked。9separateks5u考查信息转换。根据最后一段的“uses nets as well as submerged hooks to keep sharks and humans apart”可知答案。keep.apart相当于separate。10survivedks5u考查信息转换。根据最后一段的“Yet the nets
123、and hooks are usually fatal.Of the 686 sharks snared last year in Queensland，only 32 were released alive”可知被捕获的鲨鱼很少能够幸存下来。Passage 7请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。When it comes to being socially successful，the quantity of your relationships is irrelevant.The important thing is the
124、 quality of them.I would rather have a small team that works in concert than a big team so scattered(分散的)that nothing ever gets done.Its better to have a few close friends who love you for who you are than a lot of acquaintances who youre not so comfortable with.Here are five ways you can make peopl
125、e enjoy being around you.1Be confident，but not cocky.There is a big difference between healthy confidence and arrogant(傲慢的)cockiness.A confident person，when complimented about a wonderful thing they did，would reply with a simple“thank you”A cocky person would take the opportunity to perform an unsch
126、eduled Academy Award acceptance speech.A confident person would offer praise for everybody who contributed to their success.A cocky person would claim all the credit for themselves without a second thought.Cocky people might experience temporary perks，but long-lasting success is a prize reserved for
127、 the confident.2Be approachable，but not a pushover.You should welcome your friends and coworkers with open arms.Its hard to find a person who will offer a listening ear in time of need，so fulfilling that need will help you become a person people trust.But there can be too much of a good thing.If you
128、 find yourself with invitations youre not that interested in，dont be afraid to politely reject them.If your schedule becomes occupied by people desiring your attention，set some ground rules and prioritize(优先考虑)To take care of others，you must first take care of yourself.3Be direct in expression，but n
129、ot nasty in delivery.Receiving honesty with no filter(过滤)is like finding a massive glass of ice water during a desert adventure.Speak words of truth，and people will be refreshed to hear them.Most people sugarcoat their opinions，so a willingness to tell it how you see it will win the appreciation of
130、your friends and coworkers.But heres the catch：delivery is everything.There is a big difference between“Your article sucks”and“I like the general concept，but I think it might play better if you try it from a different angle.”Truth is something you should aim for，but it isnt a ticket to be nasty to p
131、eople.To deliver honest and helpful feedback，use this sentence structure：“I liked(insert positive quality)，but I think it would be better if (constructive criticism/suggestion for improvement)”4Be mindful of your actions，but not absorbed in yourself.Have you ever found yourself nervous while fieldin
132、g questions in a job interview or talking to a cute person you have a crush on？So eager to make a positive first impression that you cant escape the constant stream of thoughts causing you to doubt if youre saying and doing the right things? As a consequence，you might find yourself so self-absorbed
133、that you cant focus on what the other person is saying.The less time you spend questioning yourself and the more time you spend actively listening to the other person，the better off you will be.5Be assertive，but not overbearing.There is a thin line between being assertive and overbearing，so lets tak
134、e a look at their definitions.assertive(adjective)：having or showing confident and forceful personalityoverbearing(adjective)：unpleasantly or arrogantly domineering(专横的)An assertive person would confidently(and politely)ask friends or networking contacts for help if they needed it(and hopefully offe
135、r to return the favor)An overbearing person would force people to get what they wanted without a second thought about how their actions affected others.Being overbearing will make people avoid you because no one wants to help a pushy person.Being assertive will attract people to you，if you can refle
136、ct confidence and enthusiasm.Five Secrets of Socially Successful PeopleOutlineDetailsBrief introductionThe quality of your relationship (2)_ whether you can be socially successful.Having a few truly close friends is what really (3)_(1)_ to make people enjoy being around youThe responses of confident
137、 and cocky people (4)_ when they are highly thought of for what they do.Learn to be confident.Listening to others in need helps you win (5)_.Turning down (6)_ you show no interest in is acceptable.You will be appreciated if you express your opinions in a (7)_ manner.Be mindful of your actions.Wantin
138、g (8)_ to impress others will cause you to fall into selfabsorption.By (9)_ their definitions，you will see the differences between“assertive”and“overbearing”Being overbearing will make people avoid you (10)_ being assertive will attract people to you.【语篇解读】有人缘和人脉，与朋友的数量无关，重要的是质量。朋友就是在你最困难的时候仍然对你不离不弃
139、的人。本文介绍了成为社交达人的五个秘诀。1How/Waysks5u根据文章第一段的Here are five ways you can make people enjoy being around you可知，以下是让人们享受与你相处的五种方法。由five ways可知How/Ways正确。2determines/decides ks5u根据文章第一段的When it comes to being socially successful，the quantity of your relationships is irrelevant.The important thing is the qua
140、lity of them.可知，社交成功与朋友的数量无关，重要的是质量，即朋友的质量决定了你是否能够社交成功。故determines/decides符合题意。3counts/mattersks5u根据文章第一段的Its better to have a few close friends who love you for who you are than a lot of acquaintances who youre not so comfortable with.可知，拥有几位喜欢你的密友比结识许多令你不太舒服的熟人更好。显然，拥有几位密友才是真正重要的。故counts/matters符合
141、题意。4vary/differks5u根据文章第三段的There is a big difference between healthy confidence and arrogant cockiness.可知，健康的自信与傲慢自大有着很大的差异。即当受到称赞时，自信的人和自大的人的反应是不同的。由 a big difference可知填vary/differ。5trustks5u根据文章第四段的Its hard to find a person who will offer a listening ear in time of need，so fulfilling that need wil
142、l help you become a person people trust.可知，倾听需要帮助的人有助于使你成为人们信任的人，即赢得人们的信任。由a person people trust可知trust符合题意。6invitationsks5u根据文章第四段的If you find yourself with invitations youre not that interested in，dont be afraid to politely reject them.可知，如果你收到了自己不感兴趣的邀请，不要害怕礼貌地拒绝，即拒绝你不感兴趣的邀请是可以接受的。由find yourself
143、with invitations和politely reject them可知invitations正确。7directks5u根据文章的第三个副标题Be direct in expression，but not nasty in delivery.可知，直接表达自己的观点将会得到人们的欣赏。由Be direct in expression可知direct正确。8badly/eagerly/desperately/anxiouslyks5u根据文章第六段的So eager to make a positive first impression that you cant escape the
144、constant stream of thoughts causing you to doubt if youre saying and doing the right things.可知，渴望给别人留下一个积极的第一印象会使自己陷入自我质疑。由So eager可知badly/eagerly/desperately/anxiously符合题意。9comparing/analyzingks5u根据文章第七段的There is a thin line between being assertive and overbearing，so lets take a look at their defin
145、itions.可知，通过比较或者分析它们的定义，可以看到坚定自信与傲慢专横的差别。故comparing/analyzing符合题意。10whileks5u根据文章最后一段的Being overbearing will make people avoid you because no one wants to help a pushy person.Being assertive will attract people to you，if you can reflect confidence and enthusiasm.可知，傲慢专横会让人们躲避你而坚定自信却能够吸引别人。显然，空格处将两种不
146、同的人作对比。while表对比，意为“而”。由此可见while符合题意。Passage 8请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear，and it can be nearly as powerful.We feel it when we either blame ourselves for things that turned out badly，or long to undo a choice we made in the past.The
147、effect regret has on our lives and how we deal with regret are equally important.In some cases，regret can be disastrous.In 1995，a British man who regularly played one set of lottery numbers forgot to renew his ticket during the week that his numbers came up.He was so filled with regret and self-blam
148、e that he committed suicide.While this is an extreme consequence of regret，it can have many other lesser effects on the mind and body that can still seriously affect our lives.According to recent research，women have more regrets about romantic relationships than men donot surprising，since women “val
149、ue social relationships more than men”In collectivist culture where many aspects of life are arranged，people feel less regret，since many choices were made for them.There was an even split between regrets about inaction(not doing something) and action (do something you wish you didnt)The research fou
150、nd that some regrets are more likely than others to stay over time：people tend to hang on longer to the regret of inaction or the opportunities they have missed; meanwhile，regrets of action tend to be more recent.Held inside for too long，regret can affect the immune system.If one fails to learn and
151、grow from past mistakes，deep feeling of regret can stay locked inside，keeping one from fully engaging with life.This can put stress on relationships，careers，and many other aspects of life.In addition，too many regrets can lead to severe depression，which may require professional help.Therefore，it is i
152、mportant that we understand what regret is and how we can learn to deal with it.To cope with regret，be aware that it is there for a reason.Our brain is telling us to take another look at our choices because they may be having negative consequences.Take “I cant believe I crashed my car.Im so stupid.”
153、 and turn it into “Im so lucky I didnt die in the accident.How wonderful！” However，when the situation cant be changed，and there is nothing left for us to do，we have to let go of the situation and forgive ourselves.We have to see the mistakes we make as necessary lessons in life.If we can learn from
154、them and make changes，we can turn our regrets into passive actions.We can use them to improve，guide，and shape our lives for the better.The Taste of RegretConcept of regretRegret is a powerful emotion just like love and fear.It occurs when bad results turn up or a (1)_ is wrongly made.(2)_ that affec
155、t feelings of regretWomen are more likely to regret their romantic relationships than men.In the individualistic culture a person feels (3)_regret than in the collectivist culture.Regret lasts longer because of inaction or the (4)_chances.Effects of regreton livesRegret even (5)_a lottery buyer in a
156、n extreme example.Regret can stop a person from enjoying many aspects of his life.Besides the harm done to the immune system，regret can affect a person (6) _.(7)_ to handling RegretAccept the fact that regret does (8)_ in our life.Learn to turn disappointment into (9)_Forgive ourselves for the thing
157、s (10)_ our control.Try to learn from the mistakes and shape our life for the better.【语篇解读】本文从后悔的概念、影响后悔的因素、后悔对生活的影响以及处理后悔的解决方法这几个方面介绍了对后悔的体验。1choiceks5u根据文章第一段第二句可知，当坏的结果出现或者做出错误的选择时，我们会感到后悔。由undo a choice we made可知choice符合题意。2Factors/Elementsks5u根据表格中的affect feelings of regret可知，该部分讲述的是影响后悔的因素或要素。
158、故Factors/Elements符合题意。3moreks5u根据文章第三段第二句可知，在集体主义文化中，生活的很多方面都是安排好的，所以人们更少感到后悔。相反，在个人主义文化中，人们则会感到更多的后悔。由feel less regret可知more符合题意。4missedks5u根据文章第三段的people tend to hang on longer to the regret of inaction or the opportunities they have missed可知，人们由于不作为或者失去的机会，后悔持续的时间更长。根据the opportunities they have
159、missed可知missed正确。5killedks5u根据文章第二段第三句可知，在极端的例子中，购买彩票者因后悔和自责而自杀。根据committed suicide可知killed正确。6mentally/psychologically ks5u根据文章第四段第四句可知，后悔除了伤害身体的免疫系统外，还会影响人的心理。故mentally/psychologically符合题意。7Approaches/Solutions ks5u根据文章第五段第一句以及表格中的to handling regret可知，该部分讲述的是处理后悔的解决方法。由to handling regret中的介词to可知Ap
160、proaches/Solutions符合题意。8existks5u根据文章第五段首句可知，我们要理性地接受后悔的存在。故exist符合题意。9gratefulness/thankfulness/gratitudeks5u根据文章第五段第三句可知，学会把失望变成感恩。故gratefulness/thankfulness/gratitude符合题意。10beyondks5u根据文章第五段第四句可知，当情况无法改变，我们无能为力时，我们要学会放手，原谅自己。根据there is nothing left for us to do可知beyond符合题意。beyond ones control为固定短语，意为“无法控制”。版权所有：高考资源网()
