1、仿真模拟卷一第一部分听力(共两节；满分20分)略第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21Excuse me, _ Im afraid you cant sit here. This table is reserved.Abut Band Cso Dfor解析考查固定句式。句意：打扰一下，恐怕你不能坐在这里，这个桌子已经被预定了。Excuse me ，but.这是一个固定的句式，but并没有实在意义，主要是为了引起下文。就如同“I am sorry ，but .”这个句式
2、是一样的。根据句意可知选A项。答案A22Dont you think Carl was brave to go wingsuit flying?Personally, I think he was _. He shouldnt have risked his life to do so.Aas mad as brave Bmadder than braverCmore mad than brave Dbrave rather than mad解析考查固定词组的用法。句意：你不知道卡尔很勇敢要去进行飞鼠装滑翔运动吗？我个人认为与其说他是勇敢不如说他是疯了，他不应该冒自己的生命危险去这样做。“mo
3、re .than”意思是“与其不如”，根据句意可知选C项。答案C23The local government wants to _ the character of the town while redesigning and developing it.Apreserve Bmotivate Cevaluate Dcalculate解析考查动词的词义辨析。句意：当进行重新设计和开发时，当地政府想保护这个城镇的特点。A项意为“保护”；B项意为“刺激、激发”；C项意为“衡量、评定”；D项意为“计算、预测”。根据句意可知选A项。答案A24We stayed at the Park Hotel la
4、st weekend, _ a friend of ours recommended to us.Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich解析考查定语从句用法。句意：上周末我们住在了公园宾馆，这个宾馆是我们的一个朋友向我们推荐的。在这里有一个固定的结构“recommend sth to sb”意思是“向某人推荐某物”。在这里，which做了recommended的宾语，又是放在逗号的后面，是一个非限制性的定语从句。根据句意可知选D项。答案D25Some experts and educators agree that difficulties and hardships can _t
5、he best in teenagers.Abring in Bbring out Cbring down D. bring up解析考查动词词组辨析。句意：许多专家和教育学家都认为困境和苦难可以使十几岁的孩子表现得最优秀。A项意为“带来”；B项意为“显示、使出现”；C项意为“降低、打倒”；D项意为“抚养”。根据句意可知选B项。答案B26If you_ leave early on weekdays，do it quietly.The other classmates are also dying to have an early leave.Acan Bmust Cshould Dmay解析
6、考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果在上学期间你非要早走的话，请悄悄地离开，其他的学生也渴望能早点离开。must此处表示一种感情色彩，意为“偏要，硬要”。故选B。答案B27I bought this coat at .It looks beautiful.As I am busy，can you buy_for me?Athis Bthat Csuch Done解析考查代词辨析。句意：我在淘宝网上买的这件外套。看起来很漂亮。由于我很忙，你能为我买一件吗？this指示代词，指代距离说话人较近的单数的人或者物；that 指示代词，指代距离说话人较远的单数的人或者物，或者前文提到的人或者物；such这样的物
7、或人；one泛指任何一个同名不同物的人或者物。结合语境可知下文指的是相同的一件外套，故选D。答案D28Lily was talking to our teacher about examination，when suddenly Tom_Acut off Bcut out Ccut up Dcut in解析考查动词短语。句意：Lily正在与我们的老师谈论考试的事，这时候Tom突然插话。cut off切断，中断；cut out删除；cut up切碎；cut in插话。答案D29Do you know when Jims coming?He_ 9：00 am.Ahad said Bsays Cha
8、s said Dsaid解析考查时态。句意：你知道吉姆什么时候来吗？他说早上九点。根据语境，他说几点“来”这一动作，是发生在过去的动作，跟现在没有关系，排除B、C两项。D项表示过去的过去，不存在作参照的过去，所以用一般过去式。故D正确。答案D30Do you think you will be able to finish your writing by five oclock today?_Ill be busy with experiments all day.ANot a chance BNot a littleCNot to mention it DNo wonder解析考查交际用语。
9、句意：你认为你今天5点前可以完成今天的写作吗？不可能，我会一整天都忙着实验。Not a chance没有丝毫机会；Not a little很，非常；Not to mention it 不用谢；No wonder难怪，故选A。答案A31There came a point in his life_ he had to think about seriously about his future.Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhich解析考查定语从句。句意：他的生活到了他不得不认真思考关于自己未来的一个关键时刻。what代词，引导名词性从句；which和that是关系代词，引导定语从句，
10、并作主语、宾语、表语；when关系副词，引导定语从句，可作时间状语。空格前的point “时刻”是定语从句的先行词，故排除A。空格后的定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，故排除B、D两项。答案C32Crossing roads without taking traffic lights into consideration，_ they are part of a crowd，has been labeled as the “Chinese style of crossing roads”Asince Bas if Cthough Dso long as解析考查条件状语从句。句意：只要凑齐一群人，不看交
11、通灯就过马路，已经被贴上了“中国式过马路”的标签。since自从，既然；as if似乎，好像；though尽管，即使；so long as只要。根据句意说明上下文中表示的是条件。答案D33It was with great joy_the couple found their missing son after 18 years.Awhen Bthat Cwhat Dwhich解析考查强调句型。通过分析句子结构，可知这个句子中包含一个强调句。题目中含有It was，出现这样的结构，首先要考虑它是不是强调句。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
12、假设它是强调句，去掉it was和空格处，剩下的句子经过调整变成the couple found their missing son with great joy after 18 years.是一个完整的句子，所以是强调句型。强调句的结构It is/was被强调部分 that 句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，故选B。答案B34The bridges over the Fuyang River have been rebuilt，_ it possible for boats to sail.Ato make Bmaking Cbeing made Dto be
13、 made解析考查非谓语动词。句意：滏阳河上的桥被重修了，能过船了。此处是现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。答案B35There _when we came here last time, which was said to date back to 773 BC. Astood a great castle Bdoes stand a great castleCstands a great castle Ddid stand a great castle解析考查倒装句。句意：我们上次来这儿的时候，那里有一座城堡，据说这座城堡可追溯到公元前773年。当there，here等表示地点的名词
14、置于句首时，主句全部倒装。此处正常的语序是：a great castle stood there。答案A第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分；满分20分)请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。When studying in Australia，do not worry about understanding the local language.General English programs are offered to help you_36_English.As a General English_37_at Greenwich College，I
15、 will tell you what you can learn from these programs.I teach English at all levels from_38_to advanced.My classes usually_39_with a fun activity.We play vocabulary and grammar_40_Sometimes we listen to Australian_41_and decide if we like the lyrics(歌词)After we have all_42_up，we move on to the gramm
16、ar or vocabulary of the day.We_43_it through writing or speaking.We_44_on our other skills(reading，writing or listening)in the afternoon，and use these skills to better understand the grammar or vocabulary._45_，at the end of the day，we talk about_46_to live and work in Australia.We discuss the proble
17、ms，_47_how to understand different accents，new words and make new friends.If there are any problems，we help each other，offering advice and_48_General English also offers_49_classes to improve your speaking ability.We offer special grammar and conversation classes，as well as a movie club！You can also
18、 come with us to the Opera House，the beach，the zoo or even to a museum.If you feel_50_about using your spoken English，dont worry！Everyone feels the_51_So，in General English we have activities that_52_you talking to classmates，excursions(远足)that_53_your confidence，and student parties that help you ta
19、lk to others.Its a great way to_54_all your English skills as well as have a fantastic_55_Maybe Ill see you in my class soon.36A.test Bgrasp Ccover Dteach解析考查动词辨析。句意：大众英语培训课程可以帮助你掌握英语。A项意为“测试”；B项意为“掌握，了解”；C项意为“覆盖”；D项意为“教，教学”。由下文对“General English”的介绍可知，答案选B。答案B37A.student Bworker Cteacher Dguide解析考查名
20、词辨析。句意：作为格林威治学院大众英语课程的老师，我将告诉你从课程中会学到什么。根据下文中的“I teach English”及“My classes”可知，作者是一名“老师”。故答案选C。答案C38A.beginners BlearnersCcourses Dsubjects解析考查名词辨析。句意：我教从初级者到高级者所有水平段的英语课程。与下文“advanced”一词对应的应为“beginner(初学者，初级者)”。故答案选A。答案A39A.deal Bwork Ccompete Dstart解析考查动词辨析。句意：我的课通常以趣味活动开始。根据下文中的“After.”“in the af
21、ternoon” “at the end of the day”等表示时间顺序的提示可知，start with意为“以开始”，符合语境。故答案选D。答案D40A.toys Bsports Cgames Dmusic解析考查名词辨析。句意：我们会玩词汇和语法游戏。A项意为“玩具”；B项意为“运动”；C项意为“游戏”；D项意为“音乐”。根据上文中的“with a fun activity”可知，答案选C。答案C41A.songs Bdialogues Cnews Dreports解析考查名词辨析。句意：有时，我们会听澳大利亚歌曲，看看我们是否喜欢它的歌词。根据空后“lyric(歌词)”可知，答案选
22、A。答案A42A.turned Bshut Clooked Dwarmed解析考查动词辨析。句意：热身之后，我们会学习当天的词汇和语法内容。turn up意为“调大，出现”；shut up意为“闭嘴”；look up意为“向上看，尊敬”；warm up意为“热身”。由语境可知，答案选D。答案D43A.catch Bpractise Cappreciate Denjoy解析考查动词辨析。句意：我们会以“说”和“写”的方式进行练习。A项意为“抓住，理解”；B项意为“练习”；C项意为“感激，欣赏”；D项意为“享受”。答案B44A.depend Bkeep Cfocus Dbase解析考查动词(短语)
23、辨析。句意：下午我们将以其他技能(的训练)为重点depend on意为“依靠，取决于”；keep on意为“继续”；focus on意为“集中，以为重点”；base on意为“以为基础，依靠”。由语境可知，答案选C。答案C45A.Firstly BSecondly CThirdly DFinally解析考查副词辨析。句意：最后，在这一天结束的时候，我们会讨论如何在澳大利亚生活和工作。根据上下文内容和下文中的“at the end of the day”可知，应用finally(最后)一词。故答案选D。答案D46A.why Bhow Cwhen Dwhether解析考查副词辨析。A项意为“为什么
24、”；B项意为“如何”；C项意为“什么时候”；D项意为“是否”。答案B47A.including BremainingCdeciding Djudging解析考查动词辨析。句意：我们会探讨一些问题，包括如何去理解不同的方言、新词汇和结识新朋友。根据语境可知，应用including(包括)一词。故答案选A。答案A48A.house BdisadvantageCsupport Dchallenge解析考查名词辨析。句意：如果有什么问题，我们会彼此帮助，提供建议和支持。A项意为“房子，住所”；B项意为“缺点，不利”；C项意为“支持”；D项意为“挑战”。答案C49A.listening Bwriting
25、 Caccent Dreading解析考查名词辨析。句意：为提高你的口语能力，大众英语课程培训也开设方言课程。根据空后的“to improve your speaking ability”可知，答案选C。答案C50A.nervous BcomfortableCexcited Dproud解析考查形容词辨析。句意：如果你在运用口语时感到紧张，不必担心！A项意为“紧张不安的”；B项意为“舒服的，舒适的”；C项意为“激动的，兴奋的”；D项意为“骄傲的，自豪的”。由下文中的“dont worry”可知，答案选A。答案A51A.opposite Bfixed Csame Dforced解析考查形容词辨析
26、。句意：每个人都有同样的感受。A项意为“相反的”；B项意为“固定的”；C项意为“同样的”；D项意为“被迫的”。根据语境可知，答案选C。答案C52A.take Bimagine Cget Dremind解析考查动词辨析。句意：在大众英语培训中，我们有让你和同学们交谈的活动、有建立你自信的远足以及A项意为“拿，带”；B项意为“想象”；C项意为“使，让”；D项意为“提醒”。由语境可知，答案选C。答案C53A.build Bcatch Cappreciate Ddraw解析考查动词辨析。A项意为“建立，建造”；B项意为“抓住，理解”；C项意为“感激；欣赏”；D项意为“绘画，吸引”。build ones
27、 confidence意为“建立自信”，符合语境。答案A54A.value Bimprove Cinstruct Darrange解析考查动词辨析。句意：它(指培训课)是很好的能提高你所有英语技能的方式，同时又是一次美妙的经历。A项意为“珍惜，器重”；B项意为“提高，改善”；C项意为“指导，指示”；D项意为“安排，组织”。由语境可知，答案选B。答案B55A.feeling BthoughtCadventure Dexperience解析考查名词辨析。A项意为“感情，感受”；B项意为“想法”；C项意为“冒险”；D项意为“经历，体会”。答案D第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请
28、认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASpace invadersA normal conversation between strangers involves more than talk.It also involves the dynamics of space interaction.If one person gets too close，the other person will back up.If the first person invades the others space again，the other person will
29、back up again.The person who finds himself backing up is trying to increase the distance of the comfort zone.The person closing in is trying to decrease that distance.Most likely neither person is fully aware of what is going on.In the 1960s，American anthropologist Edward THall was a pioneer in the
30、study of human behavioral use of space.His field of study became known as proxemics(空间关系学)Hall said that personal space for people in the United States can be defined as having four distinct zones：the intimate zone within 18 inches of your body，for whispering and embracing；the personal zone of 18 in
31、ches to four feet，for talking with close friends；the social zone of four to 10 feet，for conversing with acquaintance；and the public zone of 10 to 25 feet，for interaction with strangers or talking to a group.Historians say that our standards of personal space began with the Industrial Revolution in t
32、he 18th century.In cities such as London and New York，people of different social and economic classes were suddenly crammed together，so they unconsciously developed a commonly understood code of politeness to restrict the space around them.People exhibit nonverbal messages of discomfort when their z
33、ones are violated.Invaded people might tap their toes，pull at their hair，and they might become completely rigid，or even become angry.As Hall noted in his landmark work，a comfortable conversation needs to include the parameters(规范)of human personal space.56This passage is mostly about_Awhat nonverbal
34、 communicationBhuman conversationCthe life of Edward THallDhuman behavioral use of space解析主旨大意题。本篇文章每段基本都出现比较关键的space这个单词，而且从阅读中可以发现指的是人与人交流时的空间位置感。因此选择D项。答案D57Edward THall defined_Ainteractions between strangersBangry peopleCfour zones of personal spaceDthe Industrial Revolution解析细节理解题。由文章第二段第三句可知答
35、案。答案C58If you and a close friend began talking when you were eight feet apart，you would probably soon_Amove closer togetherBmove farther apartCbegin talking more softlyDask another friend to join in the conversation解析细节理解题。根据第二段“the personal zone of 18 inches to four feet，for talking with close frie
36、nds”可知好朋友之间交谈时的空间距离是18英寸到4英尺，因此在离8英尺远时应走近一些。故选A项。答案A59The word “dynamics” means “_”AdifficultiesBforces or influences that cause changeClargenessDexplosions so large that they are beyond belief解析词义猜测题。此句为文章的主题句，在理解了全文之后，可知文章在说明人在交谈的过程中，个人空间位置的动态变化。故选B。答案BBAnimals are a favorite subject of many photo
37、graphers.Cats，dogs，and other pets top the list，followed by zoo animals.However，because its hard to get them to sit still and“perform on command，”some professional photographers refuse to photograph pets.One way to get an appealing portrait of a cat or dog is to hold a biscuit or treat above the came
38、ra.The animals longing look toward the food will be captured by the camera，but the treat wont appear in the picture because its out of the cameras range.When you show the picture to your friends afterwards，theyll be impressed by your pets loving expression.If you are using fast film，you can take som
39、e good，quick shots of a pet by simply snapping a picture right after calling its name.Youll get a different expression from your pet using this technique.Depending on your pets mood，the picture will capture an interested，curious expression or possibly a look of annoyance，especially if youve awakened
40、 it from a nap.Taking pictures of zoo animals requires a little more patience.After all，you cant wake up a lion！You may have to wait for a while until the animal does something interesting or moves into a position for you to get a good shot.When photographing zoo animals，dont get too close to the ca
41、ges，and never tap on the glass or throw things between the bars of a cage.Concentrate on shooting some good pictures，and always respect the animals you are photographing.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明指导文章，告诉大家如何才能拍摄出有趣的动物图片包括宠物拍摄和动物园动物拍摄的方式。60Why do some professional photographers NOT like to take pictures of pets?A
42、Pets may not follow orders.BPets dont want to be bothered.CPets may not like photographers.DPets seldom change their expressions.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, because its hard to get them to sit still and perform on command，some professional photographers refuse to photograph pets.”可知，动物不服从命令。答案A61What i
43、s the use of a biscuit in taking pictures of a pet?ATo capture a cute look.BTo create a special atmosphere.CTo arouse the appetite of the pet.DTo keep the pet from looking at the camera.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段 “One way to get an appealing portrait of a cat or dog is to hold a biscuit or treat above the came
44、ra. The animals longing look toward the food will be captured by the camera，”可知，在给动物拍摄时，用饼干的目的就是为了获得动物的可爱表情。答案A62What is the advantage of calling your pets name when taking a shot of it?ATo help your pet look its best.BTo make sure that your pet sits still.CTo keep your pet awake for a while.DTo cat
45、ch a different expression of your pet.解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话：“Youll get a different expression from your pet using this technique.”可知当给宠物拍摄时叫它的名字可以拍到它的不同表情。答案D63In what way is photographing zoo animals different from photographing pets?AYou need to have fast film.BYou need special equipment.CYou need m
46、ore time to watch and wait.DYou need to stay close to the animals.解析细节理解题。通读最后一段“Taking pictures of zoo animals requires a little more patience. .You may have to wait for a while until the animal does something interesting or moves into a position for you to get a good shot. ”可知给动物园动物拍摄不同于宠物拍摄就在于需要观
47、察和等待在合适的位置拍摄有趣图片。答案CCAs thousands of communities in the USAespecially in the Southbecame booming gateways for immigrant families from Central and South America during the 1990s and the early years of the new century，public schools struggled with the unfamiliar task of serving the large number of Eng
48、lish learners arriving in their classrooms.Education programs needed to be built_from_scratch“We had no teaching resources suitable for English learners here before.We had to develop them all ourselves.” a Texas principal said.Throughout the country，districts had to train their own teachers to teach
49、 English to nonnative speakers or recruit teachers from elsewhere.School staff members had to figure out how to communicate with parents who didnt speak English.But even as immigration has slowed or stopped in many places，and instructional programs for English learners have matured，serving immigrant
50、 families and their children remains work in progress in many public schools，especially those in communities that are skeptical，or sometimes unwelcoming，to the newcomers.One of the biggest challenges educators face is communicating effectively with parents who dont speak Englishan issue that，in part
51、，has contributed to recent complaints of discrimination by Latino students in some cities.“The parents role is very important for the success of these students，but its also one of the most difficult things weve had to tackle，” said James DRollins，the president of the Springdale School District，where
52、 the 19，000student school system has gone from having no English learners 15 years ago to more than 7，500 now.“You have to make it a priority and work on it.”Aside from the practical challenges，such as finding bilingual(会说两种语言的)staff members，guiding districts through such dramatic changes requires s
53、chool leaders to bridge difficult political and cultural divide.For school leaders in the South.especially in the last few years，this difficult job has been made harder by the negative attitudes of some locals towards immigrants.64According to the passage，what is the problem that public schools are
54、facing?AHandling more cases from the immigrant Mexican communities.BOffering services to immigrant families in the southern states.COffering enough communicative lessons to immigrant parents.DProviding education for nonnative English learners.解析细节理解题。由第一段可知，美国南部的公立学校面临着难以为日益增加的不懂英语的移民子女提供足够的语言教育资源的问
55、题。答案D65The underlined part “built from scratch” in Paragraph 2 probably means“_”Acompletely newBpainful to makeCbased on past experienceDconstructed gradually解析词义猜测题。由画线部分后面的内容可以看出当地的教育主管部门面对这一状况毫无经验，只能独立研究解决。故答案为A项。答案A66What is one of the things the school leaders have done to deal with the problem
56、?AProvide more Spanishonly classes.BInvite more teachers from other places.CTrain their teachers to speak Spanish.DEmploy bilingual parents as parttime teachers.解析细节理解题。由第二段可知，当地的教育主管部门除了培训本地教师，还从其他地区引进教师。答案B67What do we know about the immigrant parents?AMany of them cannot speak English.BMost of th
57、em think education is not important.CSome of them feel skeptical about the local community.DFew of them have attended American schools.解析推理判断题。由第三段可推知，很多移民家庭中的家长不会说英语。答案ADThere is a saying in French“Si vieillesse pouvait，si jeunesse savait”which means roughly “if age had the ability，if youth had the
58、 knowledge”I was reminded of this saying the other day when I saw an interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeon(神经外科医生)，now retired，about the impact of computer technology on modern surgery.He was referring to the difficulty people of his age had in using the new techniques，but also to the fa
59、ct that younger surgeons，who are more comfortable with the technology，lack some of the wisdom of experience.It struck me that this problem is not just confined(局限于)to specialized fields such as medicine，but is widespread in modern life.There are many areas where the rapid growth of technology has wi
60、dened the generation gap.Young people are at ease with modern technology and propose all sorts of ways for using and developing it.But they often lack the experience needed to see further into the future to the possible dangers that a particular development may cause.Older people see all sorts of di
61、fficulties and dangers，but are sometimes ignored，or even accused of being against progress，if they point out potential problems.Equally，they may see potential uses，but not have the technical skills to put them into practice themselves or the trust in the younger generation to do so.Enthusiasm and in
62、experience come into conflict with caution and arrogance，usually with unsatisfactory results for both sides.What is needed is the development of a partnership，based on mutual respect，which can deliver real progress by combining enthusiasm and caution in a constructive way，rather than in conflict wit
63、h each other.The old need to give the younger generation the time，the resources and，above all，the authority to develop new ideas and use their skills.In exchange，the young need to turn more actively to the older generation to seek their advice and exploit their greater experience of the world in for
64、eseeing and overcoming potential problems.68The passage is mainly about_Athe impact of computer technology on modern surgeryBan interview with a distinguished Asian neurosurgeonCnew generation gap between the old and the youngDa conflict between knowledge and experience解析主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了新老两代人在一些方面的代沟。故
65、答案选C。答案C69The French saying in the first paragraph is used to_Aintroduce the topicBshow the difference between French and EnglishCmake readers confusedDprove the writers wisdom解析推理判断题。第一段中的法语谚语英语意思和本文的主要内容(新老两代的代沟)相吻合，由此可知，在文章的开始引用这个谚语的目的是，引出“新老两代人的代沟”这个话题。故答案选A。答案A70What did the retired neurosurgeo
66、n probably mention in his interview?AOld peoples enthusiasm in obtaining new technology.BOld peoples difficulty in using computers.CYoung surgeons bad manners in working.DYoung surgeons difficulty in getting experience.解析细节理解题。第一段最后一句话及第二段中介绍的正是年纪大的人所缺少的，由此可知，年纪大的人在使用电脑方面有困难。故答案选B。答案B第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题
67、；每小题1分，满分10分)请阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。The basics of infrastructure designIt is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace.Lifestyle of today is remarkably fast paced
68、and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life，the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance.Well，the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier.Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways，a single route can be accessed
69、by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process.You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing，government standards and most imp
70、ortantly，their safety and usability for the people.In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers，scientists and statisticians.The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness，roughness，thicknes
71、s and all that is required.Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows：The basic layout (布局) of the roadAt this level of planning，various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt
72、(沥青)，the size of lanes，distance to be covered，degree of curves and much more.These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.The prior stepsBefore any work is stated over the basic plan layout，there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs，the removal of trees
73、 that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes，the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required，etc.Inclusion of safety barriersThe safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to riv
74、ers and cliffs.These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents.These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car.These include supplies like side rai
75、ls and light poles.Asphalt pavement markingIt is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes，turns，passing areas，two way and one way roads.Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drive
76、rs，the ease of use is also the cause of accidents.Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways.With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers，we can make the best possible use of highways.If these are designed properly and sign boards
77、are placed at the required points，a number of road accidents can be avoided.The basics of infrastructure designReason for construction of infrastructureInfrastructure must 71._ the demands of todays fastpaced lifestyle.Challenges of design and 72._Various rules，standards，safety and usability should
78、be taken into careful consideration.Skilled engineers，scientists and statisticians have to work hard 73._Materials must be 74._ to ensure their qualities.Points to followVarious engineers meet to make sure about fundamental 75._ of the road.Things like 76._ trees that are potentially dangerous must
79、be done before construction.Safety barriers should be carefully 77._ before being placed to prevent accidents.Material that can 78._ light should be used to marks on the pavement.Possible problems and solutionsSmooth and wide highways may 79._ accidents.Highways should be designed properly and sign
80、boards 80._ at the required points.答案71.meet/satisfy72.construction73.together74.tested75.requirements76.removing77.designed 78reflect79.cause80.placed第五部分书面表达(满分25分)81请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Once upon a time in a land far away，there was a wonderful old man who loved everything. Animals，spiders
81、，insects.One day while walking through the woods the nice old man found a cocoon (茧) of a butterfly. He took it home.A few days later，a small opening appeared; he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making
82、 any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no farther.Then the man decided to help the butterfly，so he took a pair of scissors and cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then came out easily.But it had a swollen body and small，shriveled(萎缩的) win
83、gs. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that，at any moment，the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body. Neither happened! In fact，the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly.
84、What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were Natures way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved
85、its freedom from the cocoon.Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If we were allowed to go through our life without any obstacles，it would cripple us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been. And we could never fly.【写作内容】1以约30词概括短文内容要点；2以约120词就“个人成长需要艰难生活的磨砺”这一话题发表你的
86、看法，并包含以下要点：(1)你读了这个故事后的感受；(2)叙述当前父母溺爱子女的现象和由此造成的后果；(3)假如你是父母一方，你会如何磨砺自己的孩子？【写作要求】1可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中句子。2文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。_【参考范文】A kind man cut a cocoon open in order to lessen the pain of a butterfly when he saw it struggling out of the cocoon，only
87、 to find that it could never fly because of his help.The story sets me thinking. Our life is more or less like this. Sometimes，struggles or obstacles in our life are a must for our growth. It is these struggles or obstacles that increase our willpower and contribute to our success. Without these tri
88、als，we could never achieve our life goal just as the butterfly did in the story.Nowadays，with only one child in most families，parents do whatever they can to satisfy the childs needs and even do for him what should be done by himself. Consequently，the child is unable to look after himself without hi
89、s parents presence. Too much care from parents deprives children of chances to grow strong by conquering obstacles. Just as a saying goes, “ Flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm”If I were a parent，I would first keep him well informed that life is never easy and that he should be ready to face any difficulties. Besides，I would expose him to the hardships in life instead of protecting him from difficulties，providing them with chances to fight for his bright future by conquering challenges.
