1、The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (大气；大气层) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earths average temperature would be about 60F colder. Because of how they warm our world,
2、these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels (面，板) of the greenhouse let in light but ke
3、ep heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of a car parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.The Earths atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass
4、panes (窗玻璃) in a greenhouse. Sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earths surface, land, water, and biosphere (生物圈) absorb the sunlights energy. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes
5、back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up.The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could ma
6、ke the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.Section Warming Up & Reading Prereading,THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER BUT DOES IT MATTER?During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit. That probably
7、does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. So how has this come about and does it matter? Earth Cares Sophie Armstrong explores these questions.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity tha
8、t has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.Fahrenheit/frnhaIt/adj.华氏的n.华氏温度计compared to 与相比when compared to .是“when过去分词”结构，也可看作时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为when it is compared to .。come about 发生；造成，为不及物动词短语。Sophie/sfI/索菲(女名)Armstrong/mstr/阿姆斯特朗(姓)graph/rf/n.图表；坐标图；曲线图random/rndm/
9、adj.胡乱的；任意的phenomenon/fInmInn; US fnmnn/(复数ena/In； n/)n.现象地球在变暖但是这会带来什么影响吗？第12段译文在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了1华氏度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。毫无疑问，地球在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase i
10、n the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice Foster explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists
11、 call the greenhouse effect. This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. Without the greenhouse effect， the earth would be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is. So, we need t
12、hose gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.”subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购subscribe/sbskraIb/vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助fossil/fsl/n.化石；从地下采掘出来
13、的(矿物)fuel/fjul/n.燃料that the increase . is due to .是that引导的同位语从句，对the view作进一步的解释和说明。byproduct/baIprdkt/n.副产品the most important one of which .是“代词ofwhich”引导的非限制性定语从句。Janice/dnIs/贾尼丝(女名)Foster/fst/福斯特(姓或男名)that scientists call .是that引导的定语从句，修饰a natural phenomenon, that在从句中作call的宾语。when small amounts o
14、f gases至本句末是when引导的表语从句。methane/mieIn/n.甲烷；沼气warm vt.(使)变暖画线部分是without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。Celsius/selsIs/adj.(温度)摄氏的quantities of 大量的quantity/kwnttI/n.量；数量tend/tend/vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理tend to do 倾向于/往往做go up 上升；增长；升起第3段译文所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了取得能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个过程(燃烧化石燃料)的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的
15、就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为温室效应的自然现象。这种现象就是大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸气等)吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖。如果没有这种温室效应，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要那些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。”We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a sc
16、ientist called Charles Keeling， who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)All scientists accept
17、this data. They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, bu
18、t it could be as high as 5 degrees.Charles Keeling/kilI/查尔斯基林measurement/memnt/n.衡量；测量；尺寸make/take measurements 作测量take sb.s measurement 给某人量尺寸the amount of . 的数量per/p/prep.每；每一data/deIt，dt/n.资料；数据a mass of data 大量资料data bank 数据库；资料库result in 导致result in后跟结果，而result from后跟原因。第45段译文我们知道，在过去100150年期间，
19、二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯基林的科学家曾经把19571997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从大约315/1 000 000上升到大约370/1 000 000(见曲线图二)。所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？贾尼丝福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到11.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。However, the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely
20、 different. On the one hand， Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. She says, “We cant predict the climate well enough to know what to expect， but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of s
21、everal metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods， droughts， famines， the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley， who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide
22、 in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states， “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals all of which will make
23、life for human beings better.”Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we sh
24、ould do nothing? Or, are the risks too great？on the one hand 一方面trend/trend/n.趋势；倾向；走向catastrophe/ktstrfI/n.大灾难；浩劫what to expect为“疑问词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。flood/fld/n.洪水；水灾drought/drat/n.旱灾；干旱famine/fmIn/n.饥荒George Hambley/hmblI/乔治汉布利be opposed to 反对opposed/pzd/adj.反对的；对立的oppose/pz/vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量mild
25、/maIld/adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的environmental/InvaIrnmentl/adj.环境的consequence/knsIkwns; US kwens/n.结果；后果；影响state/steIt/vt.陈述；说明range/reInd/n.种类；范围build up 增加；逐步建立；增进even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。keep on 继续第67段译文然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为任何气温升高5度的趋势都可能导致一场大灾难，她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科
26、学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疾病的传播和物种的灭绝。另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它会使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物种类的增多所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”,温室气体继续在大气层中增加。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采
27、取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1consume Aagree to; contribute (a sum of money)2phenomenon Buse sth. up3subscribe Cmaterial burned to produce heat or power, eg. wood, coal, oil, etc.4fuel Dfact or occurrence, esp. in nature or society, that can
28、 be perceived by the senses5glance Eexpress strong disapproval of or disagreement with sb./sth.6oppose Fexpress sth. in spoken or written words, esp. carefully, fully and clearly7consequence Ga result of sth. that has happened8state Hread through/at a newspaper, report or book, without reading it ve
29、ry carefully15 68 答案：15BDACH68EGF LeadinWe depend on energy to do many things. Can you name out the following kinds of energy?答案：A.fuels Bwind powerCwaterDsun (solar energy)WhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and sum up the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1Athe cause of the earths becoming warmerP
30、ara.2 Bthe consequence of burning fossil fuelsPara.3 Cthe increase of carbon dioxidePara.4 Dglobal warming will go onPara.5 Epuzzles about global warmingPara.6 Fdifferent attitudes to global warmingPara.7 Gan introduction to the passagePara.1 G Para.2 A Para.3 B Para.4 C Para.5 D Para.6 F Para.7 E C
31、arefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997?ADr Janice Foster.BCharles Keeling.CGeorge Hambley. DSophie Armstrong.2What may be the bad effects of global warming according to the passage?AThere may be a rise of
32、 several metres in the sea level.BThere may be severe storms, floods, droughts, famines or the spread of diseases.CThere may be the disappearance of species.DAll of the above.3The author probably agrees that .Aactually global warming is good for human beingsBwe should do nothing about global warming
33、Ccatastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warmingDa lot of things remain to be found out about the effects of global warming4Which of the statements is TRUE?ANatural gas is a greenhouse gas.BCarbon dioxide is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels.CWe are sure of the effects of global warming now
34、.DDr Janice Foster believes that global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth.5This article is from .Aan environmental magazineBa diaryCa novelDa story答案：15BDDBAStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Gr
35、aph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.句式分析本句中There is no doubt后接了两个that引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中it is human activity that . phenomenon是一个强调句，强调了主语human activity。尝试翻译毫无疑问，地球在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。2It means that
36、more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.句式分析本句是一个复合句。that 引导一个宾语从句；causing the global temperature to go up 为现在分词短语作结果状语。尝试翻译这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。3On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view an
37、d believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.句式分析尝试翻译另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。.阅读理解AYou might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the firs
38、t evacuation (撤离) of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, the sea level rose 812 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government
39、 official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfactio
40、n with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the
41、freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising
42、 sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”1The text is mainly about .Arapid changes in earths temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmoving of a country to a new placeDreasons for lowla
43、nd flooding解析：选B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响，故答案选B。A、C、D三项都是细节。2According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many scie
44、ntists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。3Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .Aagree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuval
45、uans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were real解析：选A细节理解题。第四段第一句话表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署号召工业化国家减少温室效应气体排放的国际性公约。4The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .AAustraliaBNew ZealandCthe Maldives Dthe United States解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段可判断出the Maldives与Tuvalu的情况相似。BIn
46、the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuel at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps
47、 in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.In the past, concern about a manmade warming of the earth has concentrate
48、d on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next
49、fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of the ear
50、th, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?One possibility is the behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one resear
51、ch station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环). The sun is also variable (可变的) over a long term. Its heat
52、 output (输出) goes up and down in cycles. The latest trend being downward is on the way. But that is only an imagination.5The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would .Aprevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceBmean a warming up in the ArcticCaccount for great changes in the climateDraise
53、the temperature of the earths surface解析：选D细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，答案为D项。6The article was written to explain .Athe greenhouse effectsBthe solar effects on the earthCthe solar weatherDthe causes affecting weather解析：选D主旨大意题。全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以
54、概括全文的主旨，只有D项是比较全面的。7Although the fuel is greater in the northern part, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is .Amainly because the carbon dioxide is risingBpossibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingCdue to the effect of the earths climateDpossibly due to the activity of the sun解析
55、：选D细节理解题。文章第三段提及这一现象时讲到，科学家们认为：这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对天气的影响最大呢？文章第四段第一句话给出了答案：其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。D项与此意相符。8What does the underlined word “exceeded” mean?ATo be the same as.BTo be slower than.CTo be better than.DTo be bigger than.解析：选D词义猜测题。由倒数第一段的“This seems to have a greater effec
56、t on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环)”可看出自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。CDue to climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northe
57、rn Alaska and in Hudson Bay.Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by
58、 native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking (减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have
59、 been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Huds
60、on Bay fast (绝食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of b
61、irths has dropped by 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.9What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?AIts freezing. BIts hardening.CIts melting. DIts expanding.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier
62、in the spring”可知北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化。10What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska?ATheir young are dying.BTheir diet is changing.CTheir health is improving.DTheir families are growing.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段可以看出北极熊正常情况下吃在冰面上可以捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸的残余物为食了。11What does the
63、writer imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay?AThey are having fewer young now.BThey suffer from various sicknesses.CThey dont need stronger protection.DThey cant find enough good males.解析：选A细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。12In which publication would you most likely find this passage?AMe
64、dical News. BSociety Today.CWildlife Journal. DDesign Magazine.解析：选C文章出处题。通读全篇，可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自野生动物杂志。.阅读七选五Family love is one of the most valuable gifts in life and one that you cannot buy anywhere. 1 Here are four ways for you to become closer to your family：1
65、Increase Your LoveYouve probably heard the song lyric, “ 2 ” What changes a house into a home is true love. Love strengthens the connection, while anger tears it apart.2Give FreedomIt doesnt matter whatever position you have in a family; you need to give freedom to the other members of it. 3 Freedom
66、 is one of the most basic needs of humanity and one of the greatest gifts in life.3Learn to ForgiveThere will always be differences in personalities and preferences between family members. Because of these differences, disagreements happen. And its unwise to react straight away, to jump to conclusio
67、ns and start an argument. 4 This gives you a better understanding and the ability to forgive more easily.4Look for SolutionsFamily life is not a battlefield. Do not focus on problems; instead focus on the solutions. Although we are all expected to be responsible for our actions, it still feels more
68、comfortable for some to put the blame on others. 5 This is one of the fastest ways to bring you closer to your family.ANo one likes to be ruled all the time.BStop the blame game, and look for solutions.CA house is not a home, when there is no one there to hold you tight.DWhen disagreements happen, p
69、ut yourself in the other persons shoes.EWhether you have a close relationship with your family depends on you.FIn a close relationship there will definitely be a lot of arguments, disharmony and disagreements.GSpending some time with family members is one of the factors that can strengthen our famil
70、y connections.语篇解读：脉脉亲情是生命赋予我们最宝贵的礼物之一，你是无法买到的。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己。本文告诉了我们四种可以让自己与家人更加亲近的方法。1选EE项与下一句语义衔接。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己，下一句紧接着告诉了我们四种方式可以令你与家人更加亲近。2选C根据下一句“What changes a house into a home is true love.”可知此空选C项。3选A本节的小标题是：给予充分的自由。A项“没有人喜欢被一直管着”符合本节大意。4选DD项中的“When disagreements happen”与本段第二句中“disagreements happen” 形成对应。此外，D项与下一句语义衔接。当分歧发生时，换到别人的立场上来考虑问题，这样会让你更好地去理解别人，更容易原谅别人。5选B本节的标题是：寻找解决办法。B项符合本节大意，同时和上一句语义衔接。
