1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language原文呈现PeruPeru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America.It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast; and high, flat plains in the southeast.In the high plains area is Lake Titic
2、aca， the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire， much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards.Peru finally gained its
3、 independence from Spain in 1821.The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast.The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes.It is a popular tourist destinationas it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels
4、and inns， where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen.1Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?2What is special about Lake Titicaca?3What do you think the two official languages of Peru are？读文清障on the coast of 在的海岸线上the Andes /ndiz/ Mountains安第斯山脉parallel /prlel/ adj.平行的；相同的；类似的Lake Titicac
5、a /tItIkk/ 的的喀喀湖In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca是倒装句。还原后是Lake Titicaca is in the high plains area。 the highest lake in the world是Lake Titicaca的同位语，on which引导非限制性定语从句。abundant /bndnt/ adj.丰富的；充裕的Inca /Ik/ Empire印加帝国govern /vn/ vt.& vi.统治；支配；管理onwards /nwdz/ adv.向前地；前进地gain ones independence 获
6、得独立which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Lima。destination /destIneIn/ n目的地ruin n废墟；崩溃；垮掉 v毁坏，断送Machu Picchu /mtupiktu/马丘比丘(秘鲁)inn /In/ n客栈where both Indian and Spanish .是非限制性定语从句，定语从句与先行词隔开，该定语从句叫分隔式定语从句。秘鲁秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。秘鲁有三大主要地理地区：狭长的海岸带，与海岸平行的安第斯山脉以及东南部地势较高的平原地区。在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到
7、大片的热带丛林。秘鲁曾经是强盛而极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。秘鲁最终于1821年脱离西班牙而独立。秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部的临海地区。在安第斯的高山之上发现了古印加帝国的首都库斯科。这儿是旅游的热点，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。库斯科有很多旅店和小酒店，是一座富有活力的城市，在那儿你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化艺术。1为什么库斯科受旅游人士的欢迎？2.的的喀喀湖有什么特别之处？3.你认为秘鲁有哪两种官方语言？PERUPeru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and c
8、enturiesold Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline.TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes.The following tours are based at Cuzco， the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.Tour 1Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up.During th
9、is fourday walking tour， you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike.On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes.Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuz
10、co.Peru /pru/ n秘鲁(南美国家)a variety of许多的；各种各样的centuriesold adj.有几百年历史的taste n口味；爱好，喜好Cuzco /ksk/ n库斯科(秘鲁南部城市)civilization n文明diverse adj.种类不同的close up靠近，接近fourday walking tour 4天的徒步旅行，fourday是合成形容词，作定语，此时day不用复数形式。动名词walking作定语，修饰tour。be amazed by/at 对叹为观止，对惊叹scenery nU风景，风光we pass on our hike是省略了that
11、的定语从句，修饰先行词the ancient ruins。hike /haIk/ vi.& n远足；徒步旅行in time to see .及时看到秘鲁秘鲁提供各种各样的旅游经历，从古代的遗址、具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠。“秘鲁之旅”为各个年龄段不同品位的人提供旅游服务。下列旅游项目都是从库斯科出发，库斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。旅游路线1体验丛林，近距离观赏种类繁多的野生生物。在四天的徒步旅游中，山区的风景和步行途经的古代遗址将会令你叹为观止。最后一天到达马丘比丘遗址，正好能及时看到安第斯山上的日出。白天参观古印加城的遗址，然后乘火车返回库斯科。To
12、ur 2A fullday trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside.From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people.These floating islands and the Uros Indians houses are made of the water plants that grow i
13、n the lake.A fullday stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life.Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.Tour 3Spend four days high in the Andes at Cuzco.Learn about its history and visit the museums.Admire the Spanish architecture， enjoy so
14、me excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets.Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.Tour 4A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle.
15、From here youll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve， which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area.From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.Puno /pun/ n普诺(秘鲁)fantastic adj.极好的；奇异的；难以置信的现在分词短语“stopping on the way .”作状语，表补充说明。
16、the Uros people乌罗族人动名词“floating”作定语，修饰islands。be made of由制成(从制成品能看出原材料)that引导定语从句，修饰the water plants，that在从句中作主语。opportunity n机会Lima /lim/ n利马(秘鲁首都)admire vt.羡慕；钦佩architecture n建筑cuisine n菜肴bargain v讨价还价 n便宜货souvenir n纪念品guided adj.有指导的tomb /tum/ n坟墓accommodation n住所；住宿reserve n此处作“保护区”讲，还可作“保护；保留”讲
17、hold a record保持纪录which holds the record .是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a forest reserve。company n陪伴旅游路线2全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原乡村的秀丽景色。我们从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用种在湖里的水草做成的。有一整天的时间待在当地居民的家里，这样你会有机会更多地了解他们的生活。第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。旅游路线3在库斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天。 了解它的历史，参观博物馆。观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，在五颜六色的市场上花些时间讨价还价买
18、点纪念品。乘火车去马丘比丘，由导游陪同去参观遗址和印加国王的皇家墓地。旅游路线4从库斯科乘飞机作一次短途飞行，从安第斯山到亚马孙河丛林的低地。从这里可以乘船到森林保护区的接待站，这个护林区保持着一项观鸟纪录，即在一个地区可以看到最多的鸟类。你还可以在当地导游的陪同下，从接待站出发去丛林探险。Read the text and choose the best answers.1On which tours can you visit the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu?ATour 1 and Tour 2.BTour 2 and T
19、our 3.CTour 1 and Tour 3.DTour 3 and Tour 4.2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?APeru has the highest lake in the world.BPeru is short of wildlife.CPeru has only one official language.DPeru mainly has four geographical areas.3Which is not mentioned in the passage?APer
20、u lies on the Pacific coast.BBoats can travel on Lake Titicaca.CPeru has two official languages.DLima is the capital of Peru.4From the second paragraph, we can find out that_played an important role in the Inca civilization.ASpainBRussiaCChina DAmerica5Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?ABecause it
21、is the capital of Peru.BBecause it is close to the famous ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.CBecause it is a lively city.DBecause it is the ancient Inca capital.6If you want to get an opportunity to learn about the Uros Indians life, you can choose_.ATour 1 BTour 2CTour 3 DTour 4答案：16CACABB一、这样记单词记得
22、准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.routine n 常规；日常事务adj. 通常的；例行的2.cage n. 鸟笼；兽槛3.drill vi.& vt. 钻(孔)n. 钻；钻机4.oilfield_ n. 油田5.parallel adj. 平行的；相同的；类似的6.destination n. 目的地.拓展词汇1.apology n道歉；谢罪apologize v道歉；谢罪2.optional adj.可选择的；随意的option n选择3.agent n代理人；经纪人agency n代理机构4.abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的abundance n丰富5.govern vt.&
23、vi.统治；支配；管理government n政府governor n统治者；主管；州长1.routine n常规；日常事务adj.通常的；例行的词块break the routine打破常规 daily routine 例行公事2.optional adj.可选择的；随意的反义compulsory adj. 强制的，强迫的词块optional/compulsory subjects 选修/必修课3.与“旅游”相关的高频词汇集锦destination n. 目的地tourist attraction 旅游景点a place of interest 风景；名胜schedule n. 时刻表acc
24、ommodation n. 住处；膳宿guide n. 向导；导游route n. 路线travel agency 旅行社二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.make_an_apology道歉2.day_in_and_day_out 日复一日3.out_of_the_question 不可能；不允许；不值得讨论4.search_for 寻找；搜寻5.a_variety_of 种种；各种各样的6.settle_in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来1.run parallel to the coast与海岸平行2.abundant plants 多种多样的植物3.a popular tou
25、rist destination 旅游热点4.all ages and tastes 各种年龄和品位的人5.walking tour 徒步旅游6.a guided tour 导游陪同一起旅游三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。地点状语位于句首，句子使用全部倒装句式。In_the_front_of_the_lecture_hall_sat
26、 the speaker.演讲者坐在演讲厅前面。2.From here youll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area.从这里可以乘船到森林保护区的接待站，这个护林区保持着一项观鸟纪录，即在一个地区可以看到最多的鸟类。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a forest reserve并在从句中作主语。He told me a story yesterday, which_I_thin
27、k_is_very_interesting.他昨天给我讲了一个故事，我认为这个故事很有趣。1(教材P40)Sara acknowledged her mistake and made an apology immediately.莎拉承认了错误并且立刻道歉。apology n道歉；谢罪(1)make an apology to sb.for .因向某人道歉owe sb.an apology 应该向某人道歉accept an apology 接受道歉demand an apology 要求道歉(2)apologize vi. 道歉apologize to sb.for sth./doing st
28、h.因某事/做了某事向某人道歉You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.你应该为你的粗心大意向她赔礼道歉。Im afraid I was rather badtempered yesterday.I think I owe_you_an_apology.恐怕我昨天的脾气不怎么好，我认为应该向你道歉。Harry apologized to his teacher for coming to school late.哈利为上学迟到向老师认错。2(教材P40)Day in and day out I follow almost t
29、he same routine.I fit in quite well.日复一日地，我遵循几乎同样的惯例。我适应得相当好。day in and day out 日复一日day after day日复一日(强调动作)day by day 一天天(强调变化)day and night 日日夜夜；夜以继日地He plays tennis day in and day out.他日复一日地打网球。We have worked day_and_night for a whole week.我们已经夜以继日地工作了一整周。He often went to see the tree he planted a
30、nd found it taller and taller day by day.他常去看他栽的那棵树，发现它一天天地长高了。Youve spoiled your eyes by watching the computer screen day_after_day.你日复一日地盯着电脑屏幕，已经损害了眼睛。3(教材P43)Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.秘鲁有着多种多样的植物，从沙漠中的草到大片的热带丛林。abundant adj. 丰富的；充裕的(1)be abundant in富有；很
31、丰富(2)abundance n. 丰富；充裕in abundance 大量；充裕an abundance of 大量的The district is abundant in fruit. 这地区水果丰富。There is firewood in abundance in the forest.森林里有很多的木柴。There is a great abundance (abundant) of sunshine here.这里阳光充足。4(教材P43)Its out of the question.那是不可能的。out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的out of que
32、stion没有问题；毫无疑问beyond/without question 毫无疑问We cannot go out in this weather, it is out of the question.天气这么糟，我们不能出去，这是不可能的。Out of/Beyond/Without question, it is his handwriting.毫无疑问，这是他的字迹。 名师点津有无the不一样的介词短语集锦：5settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来settle down安下心来；定居settle (oneself) down to sth. 安下心来做某事settle on
33、 决定settle up 付清；还清欠款We settled in our new home.我们住进了新房。After working here and there for several years, he wants to settle down to a permanent job.到处工作了几年之后，他想安下心来找份永久性的工作。He needed ten yuan to settle up this bill.他需要十块钱来付清这一账单。In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world,
34、on which boats can travel.在高原地区有的的喀喀湖，这是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。句中主句in the high plains . 实际上是一个倒装句，主语是 Lake Titicaca, in the high plains area 作表语，the highest lake .是 Lake Titicaca 的同位语。(1)当表示地点的介词短语，如on a hill, in the valley，round the corner等位于句首，动词为be, come, go, lie, stand, walk等时，句子常用完全倒装，即将整个谓语部分放在主语前面
35、。Round the corner of the street is a flower shop.在街道拐角处有一家花店。On a hill in front of them stood_a_great_castle.在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。(2)将下列词置于句首，主语不是代词，且谓语为 be, go, come 等不及物动词时，句子要用完全倒装。Here is the money I promised you.这是我答应给你的钱。First, a man cried for help.Then_followed a shot of gun.先是一个男人喊救命，接着是一声枪响。(
36、3)作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短，而主语相对较长，为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置构成完全倒装。Gone_are_the_days when we had nothing to eat.我们没有东西吃的日子已经过去了。.单句语法填空1Tom and I made an apology to all the neighbors for the unhappy happenings, and promised to have the broken window repaired soon.2At the feast there was a variety of food and drink.Its
37、obvious that people live in abundance (abundant)3Since he has just had a major operation, he knows that a trip to Tibet this summer is out of the question.4Every time he had a chance, he would talk about the great difficulty he had settling (settle) in the new country.5On the highest plateau in the
38、world lies (lie) the Potala Palace, one of the famous ancient Chinese buildings.6He sits at his desk working, day in and day out.补全句子1The river is_abundant_in all kinds of fish. 这条河盛产各种鱼类。2He is_without/beyond/out_of_question the brightest student in the school.毫无疑问，他是学校里最聪明的学生。3I havent yet settled
39、_in_my_new_school.我还未在我的新学校安顿下来。4On the top of the mountain lies_a_big_lake.在这座山的山顶有一个大湖。5We should apologize_to all of you for the late departure of this flight.We should make_an_apology_to all of you for the late departure of this flight. 我们应该因航班的延误向你们所有人道歉。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1They hired
40、a maid (佣人) through an agency (代理机构)2The railway is parallel (平行的) with the highway.3There is an abundance (丰富) of wildlife in the jungle.4It is said that the government (政府) here will take some measures to improve peoples living conditions.5After a days walk, they reached their destination (目的地) fi
41、nally.6Its just a routine (例行的) medical examination, nothing to get worried about.单句改错1Im sorry for my rude behavior, I owe you apology.apology前加an2He cant seem to settle up a steady job because he often moves to new places.upin3My experience in selling is parallel yours.parallel后加to4The abundantly
42、natural resources and stable policy provide the country with the advantages of developing its businesses.abundantlyabundant5The country finally gained independence after being govern by the British for so many years.governgoverned.选词填空be parallel to， gain ones independence， out of the question， a va
43、riety of， day in and day out， settle in1His country had fought hard for many years, and finally gained_its_independence.2In this area, the road is_parallel_to the railway but beyond the hill there is a cross.3The boss is mean, so it is out_of_the_question for him to get a pay rise. 4.The naughty boy
44、 always has a_variety_of reasons to explain why he is always late for class.5The old man repeated the same words day_in_and_day_out;_obviously, he was mad.6Even though he has accepted his new job for one month, he still seems not to settle_in it.本单元语言点温故练习.句型转换(用非限制性定语从句连接句子)1Mrs.White has two daugh
45、ters.They both married rich men.Mrs.White has two daughters, who both married rich men.2He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago.He visited the Great Wall again, where he went two years ago.3He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged.He failed in the examination, w
46、hich made him a bit discouraged.4He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin.He must be from Africa, which/as can be seen from his skin.5He has organized a team of workers.All of them are hardworking.He has organized a team of workers, all_of_whom are hardworking.6He is a man of great experi
47、ence.Much can be learned from him.He is a man of great experience, from_whom much can be learned.7They have many books.Many of them are on chemistry.They have many books, many_of_which are on chemistry.8Lets think of a situation.In this situation this sentence can be used.Lets think of a situation,
48、in_which_situation this sentence can be used.9The boy studies very hard.His father is an engineer.The boy, whose_father is an engineer, studies very hard.10The engineer is about 50 years old.My father works with him.The engineer, with_whom my father works, is about 50 years old.补全句子1If you want to h
49、ave a journal in space, you should_adjust_to weightlessness first.如果你想去太空旅行，首先应该适应失重。2Although he is outgoing, he is still not sure whether he will_fit_in_with his new colleagues.尽管他性格开朗，但是他仍然对是否能和新同事相处融洽没有把握。3After months of hard work, they almost couldnt_keep_it_up.数月的艰苦工作之后，他们几乎不能坚持下去了。4They are
50、making_preparations_for the coming examination.他们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。5To_live_in_comfort when he is old, he is trying hard to earn more money now.为了晚年生活舒适，现在他正在努力地挣更多的钱。6Since she left university, she has_been_occupied_with endless work.大学毕业以来，她一直忙于无休止的工作。7As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_your plan is very good.
51、就我个人而言，你的计划很好。8We will treat you to a dinner to_acknowledge_your_timely_help.为了感谢你及时的帮助，我们请你吃饭。9Since he had to drive, he substituted_water_for_wine to wish his friends wedding. 因为他要开车，他以水代酒来祝福朋友的婚礼。10He recommended his_friend_to_visit Peru to experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife.他建议他的朋友去秘
52、鲁旅游以体验丛林和种类繁多的野生生物。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解I have spent a year in India on a student exchange (交换) program.These diaries will give you an idea of what it is like to live in this country.July 6I suddenly have the feeling that Im alone in this unknown town.I met a Japanese student, and its great to share
53、my feelings with somebody else.Of course, my Indian friends are very understanding.But if youre not a foreigner, you cant really understand how lonely a foreigner can feel.August 5We got on the train, slept, read, talked, ate and watched the countryside.Before I realized what was happening, the 27ho
54、ur journey was behind us.We had arrived in Delhi.I really enjoyed that trip.I slept pretty well, even though it was noisy.September 9A new group of students arrived today.They remind (提醒) me of my arrival here.I suddenly realize how much I have learned.I dont feel lost anymore.I know how to find my
55、way around town.Its quite a good feeling to be the one “who knows” even though I dont know that much.June 10The last weeks have passed so quickly.I have about a month left in this country.My room is filled with things to pack, and I try to think of all the things that I want to remember.My mind is f
56、ull of small, daily, unimportant events that I couldnt have imagined a year ago.July 15As my departure (离开) gets closer, Im tired, and I look forward to going home.I want to see my country and family again although Im sorry to leave India.I wish I could take India back home with me.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者在文中
57、描述了他作为交换生在印度一年的生活。1When the author first arrived in India, he _.Afelt quite unhappyBwas afraid of going out aloneCcouldnt find anyone to talk toDdidnt want to make Indian friends解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Im alone in this unknown town”和“if youre not a foreigner, you cant really understand how lonely a forei
58、gner can feel”可知，作者刚到印度时很不开心。2Why did the author mention the arrival of new students?ATo express his need to meet new people.BTo remind himself he was going to leave.CTo suggest he knew better about India than them.DTo show his feelings about the country had improved.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“realize how m
59、uch I have learned”， “dont feel lost anymore”和“a good feeling to be the onewho knows”可推测，新生的到来让作者想起他初到印度的情形并认识到自己已经慢慢适应异国他乡的生活，因此作者是想表达他的感觉好多了。3During the last few weeks, the author _.Aremembered nothing that happened in IndiaBregretted being away from his homeCwanted to stay longer in IndiaDgot rea
60、dy to leave India解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“My room is filled with things to pack, and I try to think of all the things that I want to remember.”以及“I look forward to going home.I want to see my country and family again”可推测，作者在最后的几周里已经作好离开印度回到自己家乡的准备了。4Whats the text mainly about?ACultural differences.BThe
61、authors life in India.CA special student exchange program.DThe authors understanding of a foreigner.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“I have spent a year in India”和“give you an idea of what it is like to live in this country”以及文章接下来的描述可知，本文主要是关于作者在印度的生活。.语法填空Every year tens of thousands of tourists visit Mount Kil
62、imanjaro, the highest mountain in Tanzania, Africa, _1_ (witness) the beautiful scenes described in Ernest Hemingways The Snows of Kilimanjaro._2_ are attracted by the American writers descriptions of the millenniaold glaciers.However, this tourist _3_ (attract) will vanish soon.According to the Cli
63、mate Group, _4_ (form) by environmentalists worldwide to document the effects of global warming, Mount Kilimanjaros snows and glaciers _5_ (disappear) and are likely to be gone altogether in the near future.Not only will the summit (顶峰) lose its appeal, _6_ the disappearance of the snows will also c
64、ause major damage _7_ the ecosystem on the dry African plains at its base.Without the snow _8_ (cover) the peak, there will not be enough water to keep the plants and animals below alive and _9_ (health)Rising temperatures, one of the main effects of global warming, thus threaten the ecosystem of th
65、is mountain area.The loss of the snows on the 5,892m peak, _10_ have been there for about 11,700 years, could have disastrous effects on Tanzania.语篇解读：受到全球气候变暖的影响，在非洲坦桑尼亚的乞力马扎罗山上的雪正在缓慢消失，到那时美国作者海明威笔下乞力马扎罗山的雪将成为人们永远的记忆。1to witness设空处及其后内容表示目的，故填to witness。2They设空处指代tourists，故填They。3attraction设空处作主语指景
66、点，故填attraction。4formedform与the Climate Group之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且form所表示的动作已完成，故填formed。5are disappearing由“will vanish”及“be gone altogether in the near future”可知，disappear表示的动作正在进行，故填are disappearing。6but由Not only可知此处填but。7tocause damage to sth.意为“对某事物造成损害”。8coveringsnow与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且cover所表示的动作正在进行，故填covering。9healthy设空处与alive并列作宾语补足语，故填healthy。10which设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词snows，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
