1、互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.multicultrual 多种文化的【典型例句】Canada is a multicultural country like China.加拿大像中国一样是一个多元文化国家。America and China are different in many ways but they are both multicultural countries.美国和中国在许多方面是不同的，但都是多元文化的国家。【知识小结】multi 是一个前缀，意为“多”如：multiparty 多党的，multi-purpose 多种用途的multinational 多国的；多民族的mu
2、ltidirectional 多向的multiform 多种形式的；多种多样的【相关链接】英语构词法之一是在词根前加上一个前缀，构成一个新词，如：前缀re-表示“重复，再”；un-“非；不”；micro-“微、小”；en-“使可能”。如：rebuild “重建”；unable“不能够”；microcomputer “微机”；enlarge“扩大”。活学巧用1.1)汉译英（1）中国是一个历史悠久的多元文化的国家。_答案:China is a multicultural country with a long history.（2）我们的生活丰富多彩。_答案：Our life is multico
3、loured.2）英译汉（1）multistorey _答案：多层的（2）multimarket _答案：多种市场交易的（3）multichannel _答案：多频道的3)给下列单词加一个前缀构成一个新词（1）agree _;答案：disagree（2）cover _;答案：uncover,discover（3）expected _;答案：unexpected （4）happy _;答案：unhappy2.surround vt.&.vi.包围；围绕【典型例句】The jail is surrounded by the wall. 那所监狱有围墙围着。Weve got the place su
4、rrounded. Come out with your hands up.这地方已被包围了，举起手来。【相关链接】(1)surround oneself with 和在一起如：David loved to surround himself with young people.戴维很喜欢和年轻人在一起。(2)surrounding adj.“周围附近的”，常作定语。York and the surrounding countryside约克城及其近郊(3)surroundings n.“环境”，常用复数形式。如：He is living in pleasant surroundings.他生活
5、在舒适的环境中。活学巧用2.1)单项填空（1）The house is in beautiful _.A.surroundingsB.surroundingC.environmentsD.circumstances答案：A(2)The moment he stepped out of the hall, he was _ by the fans and was asked to sign his name in their notebooks.A.spreadB.servedC.surroundedD.searched答案：C2）完成句子（1）The soldiers _ （包围） the e
6、nemy.答案：surrounded（2）He lives in the _ （附近的）area.答案：surrounding3.settle vt. 定居；解决；平静下来（最终；决定；确定）【典型例句】After returning from abroad they settled in Chicago.从国外回来以后他们就在芝加哥定居。She settled in Vienna after her fathers death.父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。There is only one way to settle the dispute, and they know it.要解决争端只
7、有一种办法，他们是知道的。When the children had settled, Miss Brown gave out the new reading books.孩子们静下来后，布朗小姐分发新的阅读课本。【相关链接】（1）settle ones nerves 使神经镇定（2）settle down 安静下来；开始专心地（工作、活动等）He found it hard to settle down to his work.他发觉自己难定下心工作。They settle down to a serious discussion over coffee.他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。（3
8、）记住下列词组settle for 接受；同意settle into 习惯于；适应（新工作等）settle up 结账；付清settle ones affairs 安排好自己的事情活学巧用3.1)单项填空(1)Feeling very tired after years of traveling, he decided _ in his hometown.A.to settle down B.to get downC.settling downD.getting down提示：decide to settle down 意思是“决定定居下来”。答案：A(2)Then they settle t
9、hemselves down _ work.A.toB.onC.withD.in提示：settle down to “使某人安下心来做”，在此短语中，to是介词。答案：A（3）Why do you look so upset?There are so many troublesome problems _.A.remaining to settleB.remained settledC.remaining to be settledD.remained to be settled提示：problems 与settle是被动关系，故用被动形式to be settled。答案：C2)完成句子He
10、hasnt _（习惯于） travelling around.答案：settled into4.figure vt.&.vi.想；估计；计算；是重要部分；是的部分【典型例句】My feelings about the matter didnt seem to figure at all.我对这个问题的意见似乎根本无足轻重。【相关链接】figure sth. in将某物包括在内；计算在内figure sb./sth. out 理解某人（物）；弄明白；计算出figure 还可用作名词，意思是：数字；图形；图案；体型；身材；人物；（pl.）计算如：have a good figure 身材苗条kee
11、p/improve ones figure 保持/改善体型另外还有：figure on 指望figure for 企图获得活学巧用4.1)单项填空They really had a great time too, designing everything, drawing the blueprints, _ the angles and so on.A.looking outB.taking outC.finding outD.figuring out提示：figure out 意思是“计算出来”。答案：D2）用figure out 的适当形式完成句子（1）He _（解决）the proble
12、m at last.（2）I couldnt _（想出）who he was.（3）The money _（合计为）at 200 yuan.答案：（1)figured out（2）figure out （3）figures out5.wealthy adj.富有的；有财富的 n.富人；有钱人【典型例句】China is one of the most wealthy countries in natural resources.中国是自然资源最丰富的国家之一。He succeeded in business and was very wealthy.他事业成功，非常富有。【知识小结】wealt
13、hy 是形容词，常用作定语或表语。名词形式是wealth表“财富”，常作为不可数名词。【相关链接】be wealthy in =be rich in 富于的the wealthy=the rich 有钱人a wealth of +可数名词,表“许多；大量的”He gave a wealth of examples.他举出了大量的例子。活学巧用5.单项填空（1）Many people got their _ by printing the _ of famous people.A.wealths;worksB.wealth;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;work提示:w
14、ealth 是不可数名词，表“财富”。答案:B（2）They live in a _ suburb of Chicago.A.wealthB.wealthyC.wellD.All of the above答案：B6.gift n.礼物；天赋【典型例句】Many thanks for the gift you sent me yesterday.多谢你昨天送我的礼物。He has a gift for music.他有音乐天赋。【相关链接】gift 和present 都是“礼物”，一般说来可以通用，但gift 带有感情色彩，有时有“捐赠”的意思。This painting is a gift f
15、rom an old professor.这幅画是一位老教授送我的礼物。（此处用gift 比用present好）have a gift for 有的天赋注意介词用for 而不能用of 或in。gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的giftless adj.无天赋的活学巧用6.1)单项填空（1）The girl studying at the art college has a（n）_ for music and dance.A.skillB.abilityC.powerD.gift答案：D（2）My sister is good at English. She has _ for learn
16、ing it.A.presentB.a giftC.giftD.gifts答案：B2）完成下列句子（1）He has _ （天赋）music.答案：a gift for（2）I want to buy a birthday _（礼物） for my husband.答案：present7.rather than 宁愿而不愿；而不是；与其倒不如【典型例句】Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly from China to Vancouver and to take the train from west to
17、 east across Canada in September. 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定9月先从中国飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。I decided to write rather than （to） telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。I always prefer getting up early, rather than going to school without breakfast.我总愿意早起床，而不愿意不吃饭去上学。It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter.在信上签名的该是我
18、，而不是你。Id prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.我宁愿夏天去而不愿意冬天去。【知识小结】rather than 用于连接两个并列成分。可构成下列句型：（1）would rather do than do=would dorather than do（2）prefer to do rather than do=prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿而不愿【相关链接】注意下列词组的意思：（1）other than 除了；除以外（2）would rather 所带的宾语从句，其谓语用虚拟语气。表示一个现在或将来的
19、愿望，谓语用一般过去式；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成式。（3）or rather 更确切地说（4）more than; less than; no more than; no less than; not more than; not less than活学巧用7.1）单项填空（1）I think Tom, _ you, _ to blame.A.rather than; is B.rather than; are C.more than; areD.less than; is答案: A（2）He came all the way to China for promoting frien
20、dship _ for making money.A.other thanB.more thanC.better thanD.rather than答案：D（3）The color seems green _ blue.A.rather thanB.more thanC.or ratherD.other than答案：A2）完成下列句子（1）She was _ frightened _ hurt.（与其说倒不如说）答案：more; than（2）She was frightened _（而不是）hurt.答案：rather than（3）Bamboo is _ used for buildin
21、g.（不仅仅；多于）答案：more than（4）There is a boy _ seventeen lying on the ground.（不超过；不多于）答案：not more than（5）He came here last night _ （更确切地说） this morning.答案：or rather （6）I would rather you _ （来） tomorrow.提示：would rather 后跟从句，谓语要用虚拟语气。答案：came8.official n.官员；公务员 adj.官方的；正式的【典型例句】The official languages of Can
22、ada are English and French.加拿大的官方语言是英语和法语。The document was written in official style.那文件是用公文写成的。They are government officials.他们是政府官员。注意下列词组的译法：a government official 政府官员a public official 公务员a city official 市政府官员an official duty 公务an official visit 正式访问an official world record 正式的世界记录【知识小结】official
23、n.官员，常指政府官员officer 常指身着特定制服的官员，例如：军官、警官等government officials政府官员bank officials 银行高级职员a Naval（an Army, an Air force）officer 海（陆、空）军军官 an officer of the court 法官【相关链接】office 办公室official 官员officer 军官活学巧用8.1）用officer 或official 填空(1)They made an _ visit to the king.答案：official(2)An important _ called to
24、see us.答案：official （3）Who is the commanding _?答案：officer （4）The document was written in an _ style.（用公文体）答案：official2）翻译下列句子或短语（1）加拿大的两种官方语言是英语和法语。_答案：The two official languages in Canada are English and French.（2）他们对中国进行了正式访问。_答案：They made an official visit to China.（3）他们是勤杂工。_答案：They are office bo
25、ys.（4）那位军官是谁？他是我哥哥。_答案：Who is that officer? He is my elder brother.9.distance n.距离；远方【典型例句】The distance from this city to that one is 200 kilometres.这个城市到那个城市的距离是200公里。We saw light in the distance.我们看到远处有灯光。This picture looks better at a distance.这幅图画稍远些更好看。Ann likes keeping people at a distance.安妮喜
26、欢与人保持一定距离。【知识小结】distance n.距离，常构成以下词组：in the distance 在远处at a distance 隔着一段距离；稍远一点【相关链接】distant adj.遥远的from a distance 从远处keep ones distance （from sb./sth.）与（某人/物）保持一定的距离；（疏远）keep a safe distance 保持适当的距离keep（sb.） at a distance （对某人）保持疏远go a long distance in doing sth. 在做某事方面有很大进展活学巧用9.1）单项填空（1）He co
27、uld see the tall chimneys of the factory _.A.from distanceB.in distanceC.in the distanceD.to a distance提示：in the distance“在远处；远方的”。答案：C(2)The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space答案：B（3）I saw the white clouds and bl
28、ue sky _.A.in distanceB.in the distanceC.from the distanceD.at distance提示： in the distance 意思是“在远处”；from the distance 意思是“从远处”；不合题意。答案：B2）完成句子（1）_（保持适当距离）between cars!（2）One can see the ancient ruins _ （从20里之外）of 20 miles.答案：（1）Keep a safe distance（2）from a distance10.as far as 远到；直到；至于【典型例句】Ill wal
29、k with you as far as the post office.我陪你走到邮局。They often walk as far as the foot of a mountain.他们走到山脚那么远。As far as I can tell, the whole thing should cost about $500.就我所知的情况判断，整件事情大约花了500美元。We didnt go as /so far as the others （did）.我们不像其他人走的那么远。【知识小结】as far as 有多种意思：（1）介词，直至所提到之处为止。（2）连词，“就而言；达到的程度；
30、尽”。（3）“与的距离相等”，否定句可用so far as。【相关链接】as as 可用作程度副词，表示“程度之高，数量之多，时间之久”等意思。as as 结构中可以是adj.，也可以是adv.。as old/high/heavy/long/early/well/much/many/soon/as如：As many as 200 people lost their lives in the fire.在这场火灾中多达200人丧生。另外：as long as 还可以作连词，意思是“只要”as soon as . conj.一就as for 至于；就而论As for me I have nothi
31、ng to complain of.至于我，我没什么可抱怨的。as,so 随着，就As you sow, so will you reap.有播种就有收获。活学巧用10.1）单项填空（1）_ Im concerned, everything is going smoothly.A.As far asB.As long asC.As much asD.As well as答案：A（2）He has a good eyesight. He can see _ the distant island in the sea.A.as long asB.so far asC.so long asD.as
32、far as答案：D（3）_I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A.Even thoughB.UnlessC.As long as D.while答案：C2）用so/as far as, so far, by far 填空（1）_ he has read 50 story books.答案：So far（迄今为止）（2）The golden rice fields stretch _ the eyes can see.答案：as far as（远至）（3）_ I know, he is still working here.
33、答案：As /so far as（4）This is _ the most useful information that Ive collected.答案：by far（与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用，表示程度）11.dawn n.黎明；拂晓；曙光vi.破坏；（时代、局面）开始出现；渐露端倪；渐被理解【典型例句】We must start at dawn.我们必须天一亮就动身。At dawn we rose and set off again.黎明时我们又起身出发了。The true began to dawn on me.我开始明白真相。（dawn on/ upon sb.是固定词组，
34、意思是逐渐被理解）The day was just dawning.天刚亮。【知识小结】dawn 既可以作名词，又可以作动词，作名词时常构成下列词组：at dawn 拂晓时（介词只能用at）from dawn till dusk 从早到晚，相当于from morning till nightthe dawn of civilization 文明的开端the dawn of victory 胜利的曙光【相关链接】at dawn 介词必须用at,类似的有：at noon 在正中午；at night 在深夜表示时间的介词on,in 和at（1）on 表示日、周日或特定某日的上午、下午、晚上on Ju
35、ly 10，2006;on SundayOn Thursday morning; on a cold winter night （2）in 表示一日中的上午、下午、晚上或周、月、季、年in the morning/afternoon/eveningin January ,in summer, in 1998（3）at 表示钟点，一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜等at five oclock, at midnight另外，on Sundays =every Sundayon weekdays =from Monday to Friday当某月某日上（下）午或晚上之前有early,late 等修饰时
36、，不用on 而用in。如：early in the morning of May 4th 或in the early morning of May 4th活学巧用11.1)英汉互译（1）天刚亮。（dawn v.）_答案：The day was just dawning.（2）Dawn breaks._答案：破晓。（3）The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning._答案：在那夜火车晚些时候起程，第二天黎明到达了蒙特利尔。2）用适当的介词填空（1）He came home _ a r
37、ainy night.答案：on （2）The old man works _ morning _ night.答案：from ,till （3）Its a long distance, we must start _ dawn.答案：at （4）_ Sundays, I visit my old friend.答案：On（5）They arrived there _ Monday afternoon.答案：on（6）That boy was born _ 1999.答案：in（7）We saw the play _ the first night.答案：on（8）We often have
38、a rest _ weekend.答案：at/on（9）He will go there _ January.答案：in12.flow vi.流动；（潮）涨；川流不息（衣服、头发等）飘拂；vt.溢过；淹没；n.流动；涌出【典型例句】Rivers flow into the sea.千条大河归大海。The tears flowed from her eyes.泪水从她的眼中流出。When the concert was over, a lot of people flowed from the hall.音乐结束时，很多人从音乐大厅涌出。Gold flowed out of the countr
39、y.黄金外流。I love the still flow of the river.我喜欢河水静静地流。【知识小结】flow v.&n.作名词时只用单数，如：a good flow of water 大量流水a flow of angry words滔滔的怒言a flow of spirits 精神焕发，喜气洋洋【相关链接】比较：flowflowedflowed（流动）flyflewflown（飞行）float vi.&vt.漂动；浮动 n.漂浮（有时与flow同义）。如：A red flag is floating above the square=A red flag is flowing
40、 above the square.但float 强调在水上漂动。活学巧用12.1）英汉互译（1）Flowing water does not get stale._答案：流水不腐。（2）Time flows away._答案：光阴流逝。（3）河水泛滥。_答案：The river flowed over its banks.（4）Trucks and cars _（在公路上川流不息）.答案：flowed along the highway（5）红旗迎着东风招展。_答案：Red flags flow in the east wind.2）单项填空Fortunately _ him he gras
41、ped a big piece of wood ,and the water _ him to the bank of the river.A.for； floated B.to；flowedC.for；flewD.to；floated提示：第一个空是副词作状语的一个常用搭配，表示“对于某人来说”；第二个空float 是及物动词表“使浮动”。答案：D13.broad adj.宽的；宽阔的；广泛的，主要的；概括性的【典型例句】a river 50 feet broad 宽500英尺的河面a broad river 一条宽阔的河The river is 200 metres broad/wide/
42、across.这条河200米宽。a man of broad views 宽宏大量的人【相关链接】broad 与wide 都有“宽的”含义，常可换用，但broad着重指幅面的宽广；此外，还修饰背、肩、胸的宽阔。wide 着重指从一边到另一边的距离。此外，还修饰口、眼晴的“大”。例如：His back/shoulder/chest is broad.他的背（肩膀、胸部）很宽阔。She stared at him with wide eyes.她睁大睛明注视着他。【知识小结】wide 也可作adv.，指具体的广，“广阔地”。 widely 指抽象的广，“广泛地”。如：English is wide
43、ly spoken all over the world.broad （adj.）broaden（v.）放宽，加宽；使扩大The street broadens here.街道在这儿开阔起来。broadcast n.v.广播活学巧用13.1）英汉互译(1)请把嘴张大。_答案：Open you mouth wide, please.(2)我们看到了广阔的海洋。_答案：We saw the broad ocean.（3）a broad mind_答案：心胸宽阔 （4）in broad outline_答案：大概的轮廓、纲要2）改错：下列每个句子中都有一处错误请改正（1）She stared at
44、him with broad eyes._提示：眼晴大用wide。答案：broadwide（2）His shoulder is wide._提示：肩宽用broad。答案：widebroad14.tour vt.&.vi.n.旅行；游历；旅游【典型例句】The Austrulian cricket team is on tour in England at present.澳大利亚板球队正在英国进行巡回比赛。The theatrical troupe （剧团）is on tour in the rural areas.剧团正在农村巡回演出。tour the world 周游世界The play
45、will tour the countryside in the autumn.这出戏将于今秋在农村巡回演出。【相关链接】be on tour 巡回演出/比赛go on an inspection 出去视察make a round -the -world tour作环球旅行a touring car 游览车【知识小结】tour, travel,journey, voyage, trip, excursion 均可表示“旅行”的意思，但tour常指观光、考察等环游的旅行；travel常指长距离旅行或国外旅行（可数或不可数名词）;journey常指远距离的陆地旅行（可数名词）;voyage 常指海
46、上或空中的旅行（可数名词）;trip 常指短距离的旅行或远足；excursion 常指娱乐性的多人旅行。活学巧用14.1）翻译下列句子（1）这个医疗队正在农村巡回医疗。（on tour）_答案：The medical team is on tour in the countryside.（2）他做了一次环球航海旅行。（voyage）_答案：He went on a voyage around the world.2）用tour,travel,journey, voyage ,trip, excursion 填空（1）He came home after years of foreign _.答
47、案：travel（2）We decided to take a train _.答案：journey（3）They went on a _ round the world by sea.答案：voyage（4）I enjoyed our _ to the seaside.答案：trip（5）Except for one memorable school _ to Beidaihe, he has never yet been outside the city of Beijing.答案：excursion（6）They are on a wedding _.答案：tour15.spend vt
48、.&.vi花费；消耗；度过【典型例句】I spent a pleasant hour（in） talking with friends.我跟朋友交谈，愉快地度过了一个钟头。She spends too much money on clothes.她在衣着上花费太大。How do you spend your spare time?你怎样利用你的业余时间？How much have you spent?你花了多少钱？Spend ones blood and life for the cause of communism.献身共产主义事业。【知识小结】spend time/money on sth
49、. /（in）doing sth.某人花时间/金钱干某事。on 后跟物。in 后跟动名词，其中介词in可省略。有时介词in后也可以跟一个表示动作的名词，如：Every day he spent an hour in work on his fathers farm.【相关链接】spend“花费时间、金钱和精力”，主语必须是人，常用于spend on sth.和spend（in ）doing sth.结构中。cost“花费金钱、劳力、精力、生命等。”一般不用于时间；只能以物作主语。take“表示花时间干某事”，常用于以下结构：It takes sb. some time to do sth;It
50、 takes some time for sb. to do sth.pay 花费金钱时，常用pay sb. for;pay sb. money for 和pay for 等结构。活学巧用15.1)单项填空（1）According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week_TV.A.to watch B.to watchingC.watchingD.watch答案：C（2）Some passengers complain that it usually _ so long to fill in travel in
51、surance documents.A.costsB.takesC.spendsD.spares答案：B（3）He _ his spare time helping his little brother learn English.A.costsB.takesC.spendsD.spare答案：C2)用cost，spend，taken，pay的适当形式填空（1）It _ us two hours to finish the work.答案：took（2）Tom_a lot of money on books every term.答案：spends（3）The new bicycle _ him 100 dollars.答案：cost（4）Mary _ 200 dollars for the evening dress.答案：paid（5）Im _ much more time in listening than ever before.答案：spending
