1、Module 5Ethnic CultureSection Grammar一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1_(make) of stone，the bridge is much more substantial than those made of wood.2Susan seldom speaks in class until _(speak)to.3Greatly _(disappoint)，some staff decided to leave the place.4He walked up and down，_(lose)in thought.5_(invite)into a Naxi
2、home，you should accept happily.二、仿照例句改写句子Example：When the city is seen from the hill，it is more beautiful.Seen from the hill，the city is more beautiful.1If I were given an hour，I would have finished the work._2As she was scolded by the teacher，the girl sat there without lifting her head._3The old ma
3、n went into the room，and he was supported by his wife._4Though he was defeated again，he didnt lose heart._5Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet._答案：一、1.Made2.spoken3.disappointed4.lost5.Invited二、1.Given an hour，I would have finished the work.2Scolded by the teacher，the girl sat there
4、 without lifting her head.3The old man went into the room，supported by his wife.4Defeated again，he didnt lose heart.5Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语是非谓语动词的重点之一，也是历年高考的重要考点之一，下面就对过去分词(短语)作状语的用法进行归纳。一、过去分词(短语)作状语的功能过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。1过去分词作状语表示
5、被动和完成的动作。Written in a hurry，this article is not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(written in a hurry是过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且被写的动作已经发生)2过去分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，此时应注意人称一致，而且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caught in a heavy rain是过去分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语是主句
6、的主语he，即被大雨淋了。)3过去分词(短语)作状语可转化为句子。1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语，可转化为when，while或after等引导的时间状语从句。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When the park is seen from the top of the hill，it looks more beautiful.从山顶上往下看，这个公园看起来更加漂亮。2)过去分词(短语)作条件状语，可转化为if，once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Given another hour，I can
7、 also work out this problem.If I am given another hour，I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。3)过去分词(短语)作原因状语，可转化为as，since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.Because the girl was frightened by the noise in the night，she didnt da
8、re to sleep in her room.受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语，可转化为although，though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但仍然继续我们的旅程。5)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语，一般可转化为并列结构。Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter
9、.Aunt Wu came in，and she was followed by her daughter.吴阿姨走了进来，后面跟着她的女儿。注意：状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.当你做体检时，要保持镇静。4过去分词作状语时的位置1)过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；2)作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；3)作方式状语时，通常放在句末，有时也放在句首；4)作让步状语时，通常放在句首，有时也放在句末。二、
10、使用过去分词(短语)作状语时容易出错的两种情况。1忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是主句主语。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，则可以用下列方法来修正：给分词添加自己的主语，构成独立主格结构；把分词改变语态(现在分词与过去分词转换)；改为相应的状语从句来表达；用with复合结构。例如：完成作业后，孩子们出去踢足球了。()Finished their homework，the children went out to play football.改正后：Their homework finished，the children went out to play football.(独立主格结构
11、)Having finished their homework，the children went out to play football.(改变了语态，用现在分词)After the children finished their homework，they went out to play football.(相应的状语从句)With their homework finished，the children went out to play football.(with复合结构)2有些含有分词的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与主句主语一致，也就是说它们的主句主语与句子的主语没有语法关系。这
12、类词常见的有：judging from/by(根据来判断)；generally/frankly/exactly speaking(一般来说/坦率地说/确切地说)；considering/taking.into consideration(考虑到)；including(包括)；supposing/suppose that(假使)；provided/providing(如果)；seeing(考虑到)等。Judging from his appearance，he is a wealthy man.从外表看，他是一位富翁。Generally speaking，the more you pay，the
13、 more you get.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。单项填空1)_ in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.ATo waitBHave waitedCHaving waited DTo have waited2)_ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.AAttracting BAttractedCTo b
14、e attracted DHaving attracted3)The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.Abegins Bhaving begunCbeginning Dbegun4)_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.AExposed BHaving exposedCBeing exposed DAfter being exposed5)When_ why she was late，the girl remai
15、ned silent.Aasking BaskedChaving asking Dhaving asked6)_ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.AGiving BHaving givenCTo give DGiven7)Every evening after dinner，if not _ from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.Abeing tired BtiringCti
16、red Dto be tired8)_ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.ABeing bitten BBittenCHaving bitten DTo be bitten9)_ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.ABeing encouraged BEncouragingCEncouraged DHaving encouraged10)For break
17、fast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.Agrown Bbeing grownCto be grown Dto grow11)(2011天津卷)_ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.ATranslating BTranslatedCTo translate DHaving translated12)(2011四川卷)_ an important role in a new movie，Andy
18、has got a chance to become famous.AOfferBOffering COfferedDTo offer答案：过去分词(短语)作状语活学活用：1)C2)B3)D4)C5)B6)D7)C8)B9)C10)A11)B12)C动词短语归纳：代词介词活学活用：1)D2)A3)A4)C5)C6)D7)B8)A9)C10)D11)C12)D13)A14)A15)B动词短语概说：短语动词是由动词加副词或介词构成的。1)动词副词常见的一些 “动词副词” 短语及其意义：try out 试验look (a)round 环视break up 打碎；终止build up 逐步建立；增强b
19、low out 吹灭；爆裂break out 爆发break down 出故障；垮掉；分解；拆毁bring down 降低；击败back off 后退break off 中断；绝交carry on 继续；开展come on 产生；发展；快点bring over 带来；说服hand over 移交answer back 还口；顶嘴call back 叫回；收回；回电check in 登记；报道count in 把算入bring about 导致；带来come about 发生John took off his hat as he entered the room.约翰进屋时摘下了帽子。Mary
20、put on her hat and left the room.玛丽戴上帽子离开了房间。I always get on the bus at 34th Street.我总是在第34街上公共汽车。Last night several friends called on us.昨晚有几个朋友来看我们。Which book did you pick out to send to Helen?你挑选了哪一本书给海伦呢？We talked over Mr Reeses plan but could not come to a decision.我们讨论过李斯先生的计划，可是尚未作出决定。After s
21、tanding for so long，it was a pleasure to sit down and rest.站得太久了，坐下来休息真是一件愉快的事。William took out his handkerchief and wiped his forehead.威廉取出手帕擦了擦额头。Every student should look up all the new words in his dictionary each day.每个学生应该每天从字典上查阅所有的生词。Did anyone call me up while I was out?我出去的时候有人给我打电话吗？When
22、the President entered，everyone in the room stood up.总统进来时，室内每个人都站了起来。归纳： 1)副词既可以置于宾语前，也可以置于宾语后。但如果宾语是_，则必须置于动词和副词之间。2)此类短语后并不总是跟宾语。3)定语从句中此类短语中的副词不能提前，即不能用副词which/whom结构。The sports meet which you mentioned will be put off till next week.你说的运动会被推迟到下周了。拓展： 许多短语往往一词多义，如：Doctors recommended that the dru
23、g should be taken off the market.医生建议市面上应停止出售该类药物。The officer leading the inquiry has been taken off the case.主持调查该事的官员已被调离。The mixed grill has been taken off the menu.烤杂排这道菜已从菜单上取消了。He took off his shoes and went to sleep.他脱下鞋子睡觉去了。My plane takes off at 3：00.我的飞机3点起飞。Im afraid the disease cant be s
24、topped，so we shall have to take your leg off.恐怕这病情控制不住了，因此得把你的一条腿截肢。The tiger took off from the ground with a powerful spring.老虎从地上猛地一跃而起。The early morning train is being taken off for the winter.早班火车冬季将停运。Im so pleased that Ive been able to take off all that weight and get into my good clothes agai
25、n!我的体重终于减轻，那些漂亮的衣服又合身了，我真高兴！2)动词介词常见的一些 “动词介词” 短语及其意义：look at 看look for 寻找look after 照顾look into 往里看；调查look over 检查arrive in 到达arrive at到达hear of 听说 hear from 收到的来信ask for 要求leave for 前往send for 派人去请pay for 付钱wait for 等待agree with 同意begin with 以开始help with 帮助play with 玩listen to 听come from 来自fall of
26、f 从上摔下knock at/on 敲laugh at嘲笑worry about 为担心write to写信给try on 试穿，试戴 take after 像call for 邀约；要求，需要He takes after his mother.他长得像他母亲。What do you think of that movie which you saw last night?你觉得你昨晚看的那部电影怎么样？Lets begin our class with an English song.我们以一首英语歌开始上课。The workers asked for more pay and shorte
27、r working hours.工人们要求增加工资，减少工时。He is wondering what to deal with.他想知道要处理什么。She has a lot of things to see to.她有很多事情要负责。Please write to me soon.请尽快给我写信。He fell off the wall and hurt his back.他从墙上跌下来摔伤了后背。Dont play with fire！Its dangerous.别玩火！危险。You neednt worry about him.He will be OK.不用担心他，他会好的。This
28、 kind of experiments calls for skill and patience.这类实验需要技巧和耐心。The lady tried on several clothes but none was fit for her.那位女士试穿了几件衣服，可是没有一件合适的。It is said that a famous detective will be invited here to look into the case.据说，一位著名的侦探将被请来调查此案。归纳：此类短语中，介词的宾语总是置于_后。许多短语往往一词多义，如：Attend to your work and st
29、op talking.专心工作，不要说话。I have my business to attend to.我有事要办。The nurse is attending to a sick man.护士正在照料一位病人。3)动词副词介词常见的一些 “动词副词介词” 短语及其意义：catch up with 赶上get on/along with 与相处 put up with 忍受do away with去掉，废除give in to 屈服于；向让步do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮get down to 认真对待，开始get together with与聚会break away from 摆
30、脱look out of 向外看run out of 用完，耗尽come up with 提出，想出look forward to 期盼look down upon 瞧不起He did very well in yesterdays exam.昨天的考试他考得不错。Look out of the window and you will see a kite.向窗外看，你会看到一只风筝。Can you catch up with the red car ahead?你能赶上前面那辆红色的车吗？We are looking forward to seeing you soon.我们盼着快点见到你。
31、If you want to succeed you must get down to your work right now.你想成功的话就必须马上开始工作。The representatives came up with a proposal concerned with food security.代表们提出了一项有关食品安全的提案。We have run out of the gas on the half way.半路上我们的汽油用完了。Dont look down upon others.不要瞧不起别人。单项填空1)Clouds are gathering.I think wed
32、better _ the school in case it starts to rain.Arun outBbring upCrefer to Dhead for2)Some miners were trapped when the local mine was flooded，but luckily,400 kilograms of milk _ to them during the rescue.Agot through Bbrought downCgave away Dgave out3)The present situation is very complex，so I feel t
33、hat we will spend quite a long while _ its reality.Afiguring out Bmaking upClooking into Dkeeping up4)The young woman invited me to dance with her but I _ her invitation.Aturned offBturned outCturned down Dturned away5)Jimmy had a lot of parties recently.Yes，that might _ why he didnt do well in the
34、test.Asum up Badd up toCaccount for Dmake sense of6)The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the people at sea.Aresulted from Bturned outCmade up Dadded to7)When _ a new word，youd better _ a dictionary.Acome across；refer toBcoming across；consultCcoming across
35、；look upDcome across；look through8)That year his total income，with his reward_，_ 12 000 yuan.Aadded to；added up to Badded；added toCadded up to；added Dadds to；adds up to9)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.Alook uponBlook afterClook into Dlook out10)I trie
36、d phoning her office，but I couldnt _.Aget along Bget onCget to Dget through11)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all _.Agiven away Bkept awayCtaken up Dused up12)Would you please _the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?Alook around Blook intoClook up Dlook through13
37、)(2011浙江卷)The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to，but I suppose Ill just have to _ it.Amake the best of Bget away fromCkeep an eye on Dcatch up with 14)(2011福建卷)Born into a family with three brothers，David was _ to value the sense of sharing.Abrought up Bturned downClooked after Dheld back15)(2011山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.Aput off Bspeed upCturn on Dwork out答案：一、1c,2a,3d,4b,5e,6f,7h,8g,9j,10i二、1.fall fore across3.set off4.put up5.go on6.think over7.make up8.hear of9.in the distance10.have a population of
