1、第二讲 五种基本句式简单句句子最重要的部分是主语和谓语，主语是句子的中心，谓语是主语的动作或者主语所处的状态。简单句的骨架就是一个主谓结构，共有五种句型，这五种句型是写作学习的核心内容，因为所谓的复杂的句子，即并列句、主从复合句，全部是由简单句组合或相套而来。五种简单句句型如下：1主语谓语(不及物动词)2主语谓语(及物动词)宾语3主语系动词表语4主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语5主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语掌握五种基本句型是写作的基本要求，同时也是完成句子中分析考点的必备手段，在五种基本句型中，谓语是最常考的部分，“主语谓语宾语宾补”句型是难点。一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句型常用来
2、表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。They listened carefully.主语 谓语他们听得很仔细。Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time spending with his students.吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得他与学生们在一起度过的快乐时光。二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句型特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，后面必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动
3、作的承受者，才能使意思完整。They found their_home easily.主语谓语 宾语他们很容易找到他们的家。I would really like to interview him because he is very famous in China.我真的非常想去采访他，因为他在中国非常有名。注意 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成动词词组。Some of the students are always longing for holidays.有些学生总是渴望着放假。三、主语系动词表语这就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样
4、，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。He became a_teacher when he grew up.主语 系动词 表语他长大后当了教师。Michael was late for Mr.Smiths chemistry class this morning.今天早上史密斯先生的化学课迈克尔迟到了。注意 除了be动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：(1)感官动词：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2)表转变、变化的动词：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延续的动词：
5、remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬间的动词：come，fall等。The problem remains to be settled.这个问题有待解决。四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。He offered me his_seat/his_seat to me.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语他把座位让给我。注意 双宾语结构只能跟在某些及物动词后面，主要有以下三类动词：(1)give，tell，teach
6、，write，bring，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词to引导的短语来表示。Please hand him a book!Please hand a book to him!请递给他一本书。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可以用介词for引导的短语来表示。Her father bought her a bike.Her father bought a bike for her.她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。(3)ask，
7、answer，take，cost等。这一类动词无法改变结构形式。The car cost me 2,000 yuan for the repair.这次修车我花了两千元。五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。They felt the_car moving_fast.主语 谓语 宾语 宾补他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I felt it an honor for us to study with you.我感觉和你一起学习是件荣幸
8、的事情。.判断下列简单句的类型1The gas has given out._2I saw a film yesterday._3He did me a favor yesterday._4The flowers smell sweet and nice._5I heard the glass broken just now._【答案】1.主语谓语 2.主语谓语宾语 3.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 4.主语系动词表语 5.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语.按要求完成句子1这种布料摸起来很软。(主语系动词表语)This kind of cloth _.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)W
9、e havent decided _.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny told _ last night.4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we hear him _.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)_ is a good habit.6最近10年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(主语谓语)_ in my hometown in the past ten years.7你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find _ to so m
10、uch knowledge.8我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语谓语宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)I really _ to help me with my math.【答案】1.feels soft 2.when to discuss the problem again 3.me a very interesting story 4.read English aloud5Going to bed early and getting up early 6.Great changes have taken place 7.English a bridge 8.appreciate your c
11、oming over.分析下列短文中画线部分的句子成分，指出其属于何种句型，并背诵该范文With the working hours becoming shorter and shorter and holidays becoming longer and longer，1.how to spend the leisure time has become a hot topic.2The use of free time often discloses much about ones tastes,values,interests and personality.Some may take t
12、o the humanities:literature,magic,art,and they might be interested in movies and television.Others participate in sports,politics,voluntary work or hobbies at home.Still others like parties,traveling，or just loafing.Obviously，3.the use of free time is a good means of relaxation,but its benefits go b
13、eyond this.All things people do in leisure hours enable them to gratify their wishes.This can contribute to intellectual growth and promote social activities as well.4So the good use of free time will make life rich，colorful and rewarding.【答案】1.主语系动词表语 2.主语谓语宾语3主语系动词表语 4.主语谓语宾语宾补简单句的高级形式简单句其实也可以不简单，
14、若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合并在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且也使句子变得更精彩，充分显示你在英语表达上的实力。以下各句摘自近年各省市高考写作范文的高级简单句，请欣赏、熟记、模仿。1同位语I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in her early twenties and withinterests similar to mine.我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。(同位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰)2形容词短语Born in America，Thomas E
15、dison was a great scientist and inventor.出生于美国的托马斯爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。3不定式短语In order to study well,we need to do sport.为了学习好，我们需要做体育运动。4现在分词短语In this picture，a mother bird stays in her nest in a big tree，watching her babiesflyingaway.在这幅图中，一个鸟妈妈待在一棵大树的鸟巢里，看着她的鸟崽飞走。5过去分词短语Compared with letters and publi
16、c phones，mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。6介词短语Instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves.他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。按括号中的提示翻译下列句子1Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁大学教授。(同位语)_2课外活动除了可以强健我们的身体和丰富我们的知识，还可以把我们从繁重的学习中解放出来。(介词短语)_3因为
17、完全忙于自己的学习，我很少注意到妈妈的感受和需要。(过去分词短语)_4小车已成为受人欢迎的交通方式，给人们的生活带来了方便。(现在分词短语)_5我们学生应当通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。(介词短语)_6合并句子：(1)She realizes her mom must be very tired after a days work.(2)The girl helps to remove the bag from her moms shoulder.(现在分词短语)_7合并句子：(1)The book was entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Moth
18、er.(2)The book was written by Amy Chua.(3)The book came out in 2011.(过去分词短语)_【答案】1.Amy Chua，a Chinese American，works as a professor in Yale University.2.Besides building up our bodies and enriching our knowledge，after-class activities also free us from heavy study burden.3.Totally engaged in my stud
19、y，I seldom pay attention to what my mother needs and feels.4.Cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing convenience to peoples life.5.We students should try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.6.Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work，the girl helps to remove the bag from her moms shoulder.7.The book，entitled Battle Hymn of the TigerMother and written by Amy Chua，came out in 2011.
