1、2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（13）及答案（解析）C82013浙江卷 C The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large,
2、warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). During the first two weeks of its life warmth is per
3、haps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artif
4、icial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they s
5、witched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skin
6、s, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mot
7、her appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how
8、interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down
9、from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and les
10、s time holding onto its “mother”. 50Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust. 51After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. A.
11、larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？A. Attention. B. Softness. C. Confidence. D. Interest. 53It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _
12、. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysB. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsC. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingD. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. give the reaso
13、ns for the experimentB. present the findings of the experimentC. introduce the method of the experimentD. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50A考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A
14、项。51D考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。 52C考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence an
15、d ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。53D考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。54B 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果
16、，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。C82012课标全国卷 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nes
17、ts are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房). The little
18、bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from
19、time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guid
20、e takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even ent
21、er churches when beeswax candles are being lit.60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest? A. Its small in size. B. Its hidden in trees. C. Its covered with wax. D. Its hard to recognize.61. What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A
22、beekeeper.62. The honey guide is special in the way _. A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees nests63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. HoneyLovers Helper【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了honeylove
23、rs helper独特的掠食方式，它帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。60. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段 “Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。61. C词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called
24、 a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker(寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们)。62. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.”科学家们都不知道为什么honey guide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然它们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。63. D标题归纳题。文章通篇都在叙述有关honeylov
25、ers helper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出honeylovers helper这一中心词；第二段叙述honeylovers helper获取蜂蜡的过程；第三段科学家们对honeylovers helper的掠食方式感到迷惑。 C82012陕西卷 Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more
26、immediately：the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露)to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke(中风)within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the
27、research，scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)consid
28、ers to be of “moderate”(良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such
29、 as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to p
30、rotect public health.53The text mainly discusses the relationship between_.Aheart problems and air qualityBheart problems and exercisingCheart problems and smokingDheart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word“modest”in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.Arelatively high Bextremely lowCrelativ
31、ely low Dextremely high55What can we learn from the text? AEating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.BThe EPA conducted many studies on air quality.CModerate air quality is more harmful than smoking.DStricter regulations on pollutants should be made.56The authors purpose of writing the t
32、ext is most likely to_.Ainform Bpersuade Cdescribe Dentertain【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪、缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53A主旨大意题。根据本文主题句第一段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。54C词义猜测题。此处指对于健康人来说，这些危险相对较小，当然比起像吸烟、高血压这些其他危险因素来说，空气污染的危险相对较低，故推测modest在此意为“相对较低的”，选C。55D事实细节题。
33、根据最后一句可知本题选D。56A写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。C82013北京卷 DMultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students
34、, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.S
35、anbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task
36、that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone whi
37、le driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily peopl
38、e get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a
39、member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest, however, why the sensa
40、tionseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”
41、67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _A. seek high productivity constantlyB. prefer handling different things when getting boredC. are more focused when doing many things at a timeD. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time68When Sanbonmats
42、u and his colleagues conducted their research, they _A. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksD. measured the changes of the students understanding ability69According to Sa
43、nbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _A. limited power in calculationB. interests in doing things differently C. inability to concentrate on one task D. impulsive desire to try new things70From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _A. drive very skillfullyB. go in for d
44、ifficult tasksC. fail to react quickly to potential dangersD. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。67D 细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the wors
45、t at handling different things”可知选D。68A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69C 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because theyre distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。70C 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。
