1、Module 4Which English？【美文阅读】在本模块中我们了解到了一些不同的英语，比如澳大利亚英语、牙买加英语和新加坡英语。虽然英语语言没有个全球统一的标准，但是我们作为非英语国家的英语学习者应该努力掌握这门国际通用语言。以下是一些不错的学习方法和建议，来读读吧！Get Ahead with Your EnglishIt was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last
2、 few decades.The growth of international companies and the great advances in communications have started the trend for learning English as a foreign language.In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.However，learning English as a
3、foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportu
4、nity to live in an English speaking country are small.Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.Our latest English curriculum encourages teachers to create a rich language environment in the classroom.What this means is that they make sure ther
5、e is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various media.This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.To really get ahead，however，means putting i
6、n extra work outside of the classroom.Experts say that just 15 minutes of extracurricula study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.Here are what they recommend：Setting achievable targets.For example，enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every dayfive times a weekthen revise the w
7、ords on the weekend.50 new words a week means 200 new words a month.Listening to an English song several times in one week after reading the words.Watching the news in your own language and then reading an English newspaper or news website.Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee great
8、er comprehension when reading in English.Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in the parts you know well.Studying with friends.Test each other and share learning strategiesthis makes learning more enjoyable.Rewarding yourself.If you reach a target，treat yourself.Inform a fr
9、iend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.These recommendations are easily achieved and are well worth the extra effort.However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated(专心致志的)，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.Quite simply，in
10、 todays world，English holds the key to a brighter future and a world of possibilities.【诱思导学】1Why should you read an English newspaper or news website after watching the news in your own language?_2What should you do after you reach your target？Why?_【答案】1.Because knowing the main stories before readi
11、ng will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.2.I should reward myself.Because it can help motivate me.Period Previewing教学目标本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。教学地位本模块是关于不同国家间英语的内容。通过本节的教学，让学生了解有关不同国家间英语的差异性，并认识到语言对人们的影响，同时也了解近年来世界各国对汉语学习的重视程度，从
12、而帮助学生开阔视野，发展跨文化的交流。新课导入建议通过some Chinglish(中国式英语) 例如“Good good study，day day up(好好学习，天天向上)”“Long time no see(好久不见)”。“Little grass has life，please watch your step”(小草有生命，足下请留情)“I will give you some color see see(我要给你一些颜色看看)” 来引导出不同国家的英语。教学流程设计学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第4445页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第45页)。老师布置作业，让学生看课本
13、第4445页并完成课本第4445页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period (见学案第4649页), 写一篇关于正反观点的议论文。.篇章结构阅读P4445的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)Part 1 Brief introduction to different kinds of EnglishParagraph 1We can 1._ people through their voice and their 2._ of words.Paragraph 2English 3._ across the world and can sound different from pl
14、ace to place.Paragraph 3There is no 4._ of English that everyone can agree on and what 5._ is that speakers can understand each other.Part 2 English spoken in AustraliaParagraph 4How 6._ English formed.Paragraph 57._between Australian English and other varieties of English.Part 3 English spoken in J
15、amaica and SingaporeParagraph 6The English spoken in Jamaica has some of the 8._ of the African languages.Paragraph 7The most 9._ variety of English spoken in Singapore is known as 10._.【答案】1.recognise2.choice3.is spoken4.standard form5.matters6.Australian7.The main differences8.grammatical features
16、mon10.Singlish.语篇理解阅读P4445的Reading部分，选择最佳答案1The main idea of this passage is_ABritish English in AustraliaBvarieties of EnglishCEnglish in Singapore2The main differences between Australian English and other varieties of English are_Apronunciation and spellingBindividual soundsCindividual sounds and
17、intonation patterns3Many varieties of English are produced_Abecause of the colonial expansion of BritainBbecause of the process of trade，exploration and businessCbecause America becomes stronger and stronger4What did the author think the woman wanted to do when he heard Emma Chissit?ATo ask him a qu
18、estion.BTo buy the book.CTo sign his name on the book.5What was set up in Singapore in 1999?ALanguage Spoken In Minnan.BThe Speak Good English Movement.CSingapore Language Center.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C5.B.课文缩写用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写pattern，where，feature，as，on，debate，create，lie in，model，impossibleEnglish is sp
19、oken 1._ an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different form place to place.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English，there is not really a standard from that everyone can agree 2._Professors of linguistics，writers
20、 and teachers all worry about providing a perfect 3._ to follow but as it is so widely spoken，it has become 4._ to say which English is“correct”and which is“incorrect”Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each other.The main differences between Australian English and ot
21、her varieties of English 5._ the individual sounds and intonation 6._Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent.In other countries 7._ English is spoken as a first language this is not the case.The variety of English spoken in Jamaica，and other Cari
22、bbean countries，has some of the grammatical 8._ of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people.On the other side of the world，in Singapore，English is a second language，spoken by about half the population.Today there is a 9._ in Singapore about which variety of English is the
23、 best：Singlish，or a variety closer to British English，which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement 10._ in 1999.【答案】1.as2.on3.model4.impossible5.lie in6patterns7.where8.features9.debate10.created.词义搭配1recognisableAvery special，unusual or good2instantly Ba way of speaking a language that is us
24、ed only in a particular area or by a particular group3count Ca slight sign that someone has been present or that sth.has happened4trace Dsomeone who writes books，articles etc.，especially as their job5dialect Eable to be recognized6author Fimmediately7unique Gto be of value or importance8convince Hto
25、 make sb.believe that sth.is true【答案】1.E2.F3.G4.C5.B6.D7.A8.H.短语填空lie in，or rather，rather than，tell.apart，as well as，as long as，in particular，count on1Mary prefers to dance _ sing a song.2He is a foreigner，_ an American.3The guard is a reliable man and you can _ him.4_ you promise something to him，y
26、oud better do it.5John，_ his parents has been to Guangzhou during their holiday.6Can you _ the twin sisters _？【答案】1.rather than2.or rather3.count on4.As long as5.as well as6.tell；apart.句型背诵1In_this_sense everybodys use of languagewhether_English，Chinese，or_any_other is different.从这个意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用不管
27、是英语、汉语或者任何其他语言都是不一样的。2You could say that there are as_many_varieties_of_English，or any other language for that matter，as there are speakers of it.可以这样说，对英语或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，该语言就有多少种变体。3Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras_long_as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts正确与否或许不要
28、紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。Period Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写正反观点的议论文，提高学生的英语书面表达能力。教学地位单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确应用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重
29、点所在。新课导入建议Hello，everyone.Now Id like to ask to read his /her composition.(老师让同学读一读他/她的作文)。教学流程设计让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第4649页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。布置作业。让学生完成课本第47页第1、3 题和第50页第3 题，完成“课时作业”和预习Period (见学案第4953页)。1instantly adv.立即；马上 conj.一就The quality of
30、 someones voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable，even though you cant see him or her.(P44)一个人的音质和词汇的选择能让他(她)立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他(她)。He has an instantly recognisable face.他长着一副一眼就能认得出来的面孔。Tell me instantly he arrives.他一到达就告诉我。immediately/the instant/the moment/the minute一就ins
31、tant adj.立即的；紧迫的；刻不容缓的；(食品)速溶的；方便的 n瞬间；片刻in an instant立即；一会儿之后for an instant瞬间；一会儿at that/this instant就在那/这瞬间Ill be with you in an instant.我立即去找你。Just for an instant，I thought he was going to refuse.刹那间，我认为他打算拒绝。完成句子我一看到他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。_I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.我马
32、上就回来。Ill be back_【答案】Instantly/The instant/Immediately/The moment/The minuteinstantly/in an instant2In this sense everybodys use of languagewhether English，Chinese，or any otheris different.(教材P44)从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用不管是英语、汉语，还是其他任何一种语言都是不同的。本句中“whether English，Chinese，or any other”作language的同位语，对langua
33、ge作解释说明，其中whether.or.作“不论还是”解，用于连接平行结构，作此意解时，whether.or.，还常用于引导让步状语从句。He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.他似乎还没有决定去留。Whether the weather is fine or not tomorrow，I will pay him a visit.无论明天天气好坏，我都会去看他。【提示】whether/if的用法区别：引导宾语从句时，两者的含义区别很小，一般可通用。用whether，不用if的情况有：与or或or not连用时；作介词的宾语时；在动词不定式之前；d
34、iscuss后的宾语从句中；主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中；在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情况下，就不可用if，而须用whether。用whether/if填空_she wins or loses，this is her last tournament.We should find out_the museum is open.【答案】Whetherwhether/if3tell sth.apart区分开It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.(P44)要将英式英语和美式英语分辨开来也很容易的。The twi
35、ns are much too alike，I cant tell them apart.这对双胞胎长得太像了，我分不清他们谁是谁。Its almost impossible to tell Mary and Lucy apart since they had their hair cut.几乎不可能把玛丽与露茜区分开，因为她们都理发了。tell.from.把与区分开to tell the truth说实话tell.by.根据判断tell the difference说出区别To tell the truth，I dont like her.说实话，我不喜欢她。Can you tell the
36、 difference between them?你能说出他们之间的区别吗？用适当的介/副词填空Many people may be unable to tell the fake_the original one.I dont know which one is mine.I cant tell them_【答案】fromapart4Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras_long_as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts(P44)也许正确与否不要紧只要说话者互相明白就
37、行重要的是交流。(1)matter vi.重要；要紧；有关系(常用于疑问句和否定句中)What does it matter？这有什么关系？All these things do not matter now.所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。It doesnt matter.没关系。matter n事情；问题；麻烦事；毛病；物质It is a matter of.这是一个的问题。Whats the matter (with.)？()怎么了？出了什么毛病？as a matter of fact事实上；实际上no matter wh/how.无论；不管It was a matter of life a
38、nd death for them.这事对他们来说生死攸关。Whats the matter with Bill？比尔怎么了？Matter exists in three states：solid，liquid and gas.物质以三种形态存在，即固态、液态和气态。完成句子事实上，blog这个词是webblog的缩写。_，blog is short for webblog.无论发生什么事，都不要气馁。_happens，dont be discouraged.你做什么对我无所谓。_what you do.【答案】As a matter of factNo matter whatIt doesn
39、t matter to me(2)as long as只要(引导条件状语从句)You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard.只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。提示：主要的另外两种表达：so long ason condition that. Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it？Well，that doesnt matter_you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long asBunlessCas soon as Dthough【解析】句意：我们的假期耗费了我们很多钱。是
40、吗？只要你们玩得高兴，那没什么关系。as long as只要。【答案】A(3)count vt.& vi.计数；认为；指望(on)；重要；有价值；起作用 n总数；数数His opinions count because of his experience.因为他有经验，所以他的意见很重要。You cant always count on the help from others.你不能总是指望别人的帮助。count on/uponrely on依赖；依靠；期待；指望count.(as.)认为(某事物或某人)count against sb.认为对某人不利count in把(某事物或某人)算在内
41、count for nothing没有任何价值It/That doesnt count.那不算数/那不重要。See how many cups we have，but dont count in the cracked ones.看看我们有多少杯子，不过不要把这几个有裂纹的算进去。Im counting on you to help me.我指望着你帮我的忙。完成句子We must value the time in class，_(每一秒钟都很重要)You can _(指望他帮忙)【答案】every second countscount on him to help5or ratherexa
42、ctly speaking更确切地说Or rather，Hello！Do you speak Australian？(P44)更确切地说，你好！你说澳大利亚语吗？I will meet him，or rather I will ask him to meet me.我要见他，或者更确切地说，我要请他来见我。He walked，or rather，ran to the office this morning.今天上午他走着，更确切地说，跑着去办公室的。,x(blc rc(avs4alco1(would rather do.than do.,would do.rather than do.,pre
43、fer to do.rather than do.)宁愿做,而不愿做),rather than 而不是,would rather从句 宁愿)Its what he did rather than what he said moved me.是他做的而不是他说的感动了我。Id prefer to go in summer rather than go in winter.我宁愿夏天去而不愿冬天去。I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Do you mind if I open the window?_ I feel a bit cold.AOf cou
44、rse not. BId rather you didnt.CGo ahead. DWhy not?【解析】考查情景对话。根据下一句“我觉得有点冷”可知，说话者不想让对方开窗户。of course not当然不介意；C项和D项是鼓励或建议对方开窗户，均与题意不符。【答案】B6lie in在于；处于某种状态；位于But the main differences between Australian English and other varieties of English lie in the individual sounds and intonation patterns.(P44)但澳大
45、利亚英语和其他几种英语的最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。His success lies in his hard work.他的成功在于勤奋的工作。Happiness doesnt lie in happiness，but in the achievement of it.幸福不在于它本身，而在于追求的过程。lie down躺下休息lie in/on/to the east of位于的东部/东面lie awake醒着She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。Japan lies to the east of China.日本
46、位于中国的东部。【助记】分清“因”与“果”句式转换The accident lies in the drivers driving after drinking heavily.The drivers driving after drinking heavily _ the accident.The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.The terrible accident _ his carelessness.【答案】leads tolay in7debate n辩论；讨论 v讨论；争论；思考Today there is a
47、debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best.(P45)今天在新加坡有一种关于哪种英语最好的争论A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行中。The government is debating the education laws.政府正在就教育法进行辩论。have/hold a debate on/over/about.举行一场关于的辩论under debate在讨论中debate sth.with sb.与某人讨论debate o
48、n/over/about就辩论The whole question is still under debate.整个问题还在讨论之中。Whether he deserves what has happened to him is open to debate.他是否罪有应得还有待于讨论。完成句子The proposal is still _(在讨论中)I _(和玛丽辩论)this question.【答案】under debatedebated with Mary aboutPeriod Integrating Skills & Grammar教学目标(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。(2)
49、通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够正确运用状语和状语从句。教学地位语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。新课导入建议通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。教学流程设计让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第4951页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。让学生讨论完成“语法精析
50、”部分(见学案第5153页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。布置作业。让学生完成课本第5354页1、2、4、5题，预习学案Period Cultural Corner & Writing(见学案第5456页)。1complain v抱怨What does the man complain about？(P48)那个人抱怨什么？You complain of having too much to do.If it comes to that，we are all busy.你抱怨工作太忙。如果说忙，我们大家都很忙。Im
51、 going to complain to the manager about this.我要就这件事向经理投诉。complain to sb.of/about sth.因某事向某人抱怨、埋怨complaint n抱怨；投诉；控告make a complaint about就提出投诉a formal complaint正式控告He never complains to me about the work.他从来没向我报怨过这份工作。The most common complaint is about poor service.最常见的投诉与服务差有关。完成句子你不能仅仅因为我旅行不多就像对傻瓜
52、那样对待我！我将向经理投诉！You cant treat me like a fool just because I dont travel much！Im going to_the manager!谚经常诉苦，少人同情。He who makes constant_gets little compassion.【答案】complain tocomplaints2It_is_estimated_that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.(P51)据估计到2050年
53、，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。it is estimated that.据估计。句中的it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。It is estimated that he has known the truth of the matter.据估计他已经知道事情的真相了。Its estimated that 3，000 people will attend the meeting.据估计有3 000人要参加这个会议。句型“Itbe过去分词that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estim
54、ated，admitted等。下列三种句型可以相互转换Itbe过去分词thatPeople say/think.that.Sb./Sth.be过去分词不定式Its thought that cancer is incurable.一般认为癌症是无法治愈的。It is believed that health is above wealth.一般人都相信健康重于财富。【提示】(1)该句型中that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)表示命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，propose，advise等)，要求(require，request，demand，insist)的动词用于本
55、句型时，从句要用shouldv.结构，should可省略。完成句子相信他是诚实的。_he is honest.建议你花更多的时间学英语。It is suggested that_in studying English.【答案】It is believed thatyou (should)spend more time3acquire v获得；得到；学到；养成习惯、嗜好New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.(教材P51)新的方言寻找他们
56、自己的综合特点，直到他们变成真正的语言。She acquired a good knowledge of English by careful study.她因认真学习而精通英语。She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.她最近开始喜欢吃香蕉了。gain/acquire/earn/achievegain收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。acquire购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。earn取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以
57、用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。achieve得到，获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。Step by step he gained the childs confidence.他一步步地获得了孩子们的信任。He earned lots of money by fishing.通过捕鱼他挣到了很多钱。用gain/acquire/earn/achieve的适当形式填空The movie star_success and wealth.He _a lot of praise from the public.Im new in the job but Im already _experi
58、ence.I took on it as an opportunity to_fresh skills.【答案】achievedearnedgainingacquire4convinced adj.确信的；信服的Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.(P51)专家深信随着越来越多的人说英语，并且把它叫做自己的语言，这件事在将来会发生。I was convinced that we were doin
59、g the right thing.我确信我们做的事情是正确的。What he said convinced me that I was mistaken.他的一番话，使我认识到我错了。be convinced of/about sth.坚信；确信be convinced that.坚信；确信convince v(使)相信；使确信convince sb.of sth.使某人信服某事convince sb.that.使某人确信convince sb.to do sth.说服/劝说某人做某事convincing adj.有说服力的，令人信服的We finally convinced them of
60、 our innocence.我们终于使他们相信我们是无辜的。What convinced you to vote for them?究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票？用convince的适当形式填空We_that Wang Meng won a_victory in Vancouver Winter Olympic Games.【答案】are convinced；convincing5in conclusion总之；最后In conclusion，.used to finish the text.(P52)总之，用来结束全文。In conclusion，I cant thank you eno
61、ugh.总之，我真是太感谢你了。In conclusion，Id like to thank you for your coming to the meeting.最后，我对各位出席这次会议表示感谢。reach/draw a conclusion得出结论；下结论come to/arrive at a conclusion得出结论conclude v结束；下结论；推断From these facts we can draw some conclusions.从这些事实我们可以得出一些结论。He concluded that the accident had been caused by huma
62、n error.他认定这次事故是人为失误造成的。完成句子最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。_，Id like to thank you for all youve done for me.你得出了什么结论？What_did you_？【答案】In conclusionconclusion；come to/reach/draw观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会画线部分作状语的用法。Your skirt is very different from mine.He walks very slowly.Please speak louder so that I can hear clearl
63、yWe have decided to visit the museum even_though/if_it_rains_tomorrow自我总结(1)状语可以用来修饰_、_、_或_等。(2)能作状语的有：_、_、_、_、_、_或_等。【答案】(1)形容词；副词；动词；句子(2)副词、少数形容词(短语)、介词短语、名词、非谓语动词、独立结构、句子状语和状语从句一、状语1概念状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分；通常用副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构或从句等充当，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。2状语的位置一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活
64、，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前。修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词，如always，often，usually，never，ever等作状语时，常置于句中，放在实义动词之前，be动词或第一个助动词之后。3状语的构成和分类(1)副词：修饰形容词、副词或动词以及介词短语。It sounds very different from place to place.各地英语听起来差别很大。(2)形容词：作伴随、条件、原因状语。Full of hope，the local people are working hard to rebuild the
65、ir hometown.心中充满希望，当地人们正在努力工作重建自己的家园。(3)现在分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的执行者。Having lived abroad for twenty years，the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.在国外居住了20年后，那位老人回到了养育他的故乡。(4)过去分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者。Injured in the earthquake，the tenyearold boy lost his two legs forever.在地震中受伤后，那位10岁的男孩永远地失去了自
66、己的双腿。(5)不定式：表示动作在将来发生，作目的、结果、原因状语。We were sorry to hear that a terrible earthquake occurred in Gansu in July，2013.我们非常遗憾地听到2013年7月甘肃发生了一场可怕的地震。(6)介词短语：作原因、地点、时间、条件、让步等状语。The Shanghai World Exposition Garden was open to all visitors for 184 days.上海世博园对游客开放了184天。(7)独立主格结构：非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语、副词(拥有自己的逻辑主语)作
67、状语。Spring coming on，the trees turned green.春天来了，树木变绿了。(8)with复合结构：with/without的宾语后跟补足语。The day is bright with a fresh breeze blowing.天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。(9)名词及其词组：表示时间的名词或短语作时间状语。I will stay another five months.我将再待5个月。二、状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的
68、词组引导。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。1时间状语从句时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词有很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：(1)when/while/as引导时间状语从句when从句中可用短暂性动词(表示时间点)，也可用延续性动词(表示时间段)while在期间，从句的动作是延续性的，侧重表示和主句动作同时进行as侧重于主从句的动作同时进行，常译为“一边一边，随着”When I got home，my family were having dinner.当我到家时，全家正
69、在吃晚饭。While the teacher paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们在专心地听并做笔记。As the students walked to their dorms，they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。(2)since引导时间状语从句since意为“自以来”，引导
70、时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成(进行)时，从句中用短暂性动词的一般过去式。They have lived happily since they got married in 1950.自1950年结婚以来，他们一直生活得很幸福。【提示】若since引导的状语从句中动词是延续性的，它表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住有三年了。(3)before/after引导时间状语从句I had written my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.在导师出国之
71、前，我已经完成了我的学术论文。After the boy had finished his homework，he played football with his friends.男孩完成作业后，和他的朋友们去踢足球了。【提示】before经常翻译成“才，趁，还没(来得及)就”。He ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。(4)till/until引导时间状语从句a如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到才”。He will remain in college u
72、ntil(till)he finishes his Ph.D course.他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程。I will not go with you until(till)I finish my homework.等我做完作业我才和你一起去。b当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开。until引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后；用于强调句型till引导的从句一般置于主句之后；不用于强调句型It was not until she took off her
73、 sunglasses that I recognised her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。(5)表示“一就”的时间状语从句as soon as，once，immediately，instantly，directly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，no sooner.than，hardly.when，scarcely.when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了，即“一就”。As soon as we got home，the telephone rang.我们一到家，电话就响了。He said hed tu
74、rn on the TV the moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。【提示】(1)hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时，主句中用过去完成时。(2)当hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒了。(6)next time，the first time，the last time，every time，by
75、 the time等引导时间状语从句Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。By the time you came back，I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。【提示】by the time引导的时间状语从句时态为一般现在时态，其主句常用将来完成时；从句时态为一般过去时态，其主句常用过去完成时。2让步状语从句让步状语从句由although，though，while(虽然；尽管)，as，even if，even though(即使)，however，whatever
76、，whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whether.or.(不管还是)，no matter(who，what，etc.)等引导。Although they lack official support，they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。Even if you fail，you will have gained experience.纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。【提示】as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语副词或动词原形通常提到句首倒装，形成：表语/状语副词/动词原形a
77、s主语谓语。Child as he is，he has to earn his living on his own.尽管他是一个孩子，他不得不自己谋生。3条件状语从句条件状语从句由if(如果)，unless(除非)，as long as(so long as)(只要)，in case(that)(如果，万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose，supposing that，provided/providing that(假如)等引导。I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money.如果我能存下足够
78、的钱，我就买台电脑。【提示】在条件、时间和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。Unless the weather was bad，my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。4原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的有as，because，since，now(that)，considering that，seeing that等。You shouldnt get angry only because some people speak ill
79、 of you.你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。Since youre not interested，I wont tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。5结果状语从句和目的状语从句(1)引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that，such.that(如此以至于)，so that(以至于，所以)等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。I didnt plan the work well，so that I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。The scientists report was so instructiv
80、e that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们早点动身，以便准时到达。Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。6地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where(在地方)，wherever(无论哪里)，ever
81、ywhere(到处)，anywhere(任何地方)等。You can go wherever you like these days.这些天你可以去你想去的任何地方。7方式状语从句和比较状语从句(1)方式状语从句常由as，as if，as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。He acted as if/though nothing had happened.他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。(2)比较状语从句由as.as；more.than；the more.，the more.等引导。Our new school is four times as big as the old one.我们的
82、新学校是老学校的四倍大。三、状语从句的省略在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。Look out for cars when crossing the street.(Look out for cars when you are crossing the street.)过街时当心车辆。If possible(If it is possible)，Id like to have two copies of it.可能的话，我想要两本。.单项填空1(2013湖南高考)You must lear
83、n to consult your feelings and your reason_you reach any decision.AalthoughBbeforeCbecause Dunless【解析】although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；before“在之前”，引导时间状语从句；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意：做任何决定之前，必须学会尊重自己的情感与理智。空格前后的时间先后意味较为明显，所以答案为B。【答案】B2(2013江苏高考)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_
84、it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.Awhatever BwhoeverCwherever Dwhichever【解析】通过分析句子结构可知，_ it is discovered在句中作状语。在这个状语从句中，不缺少构成句子的主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，从而选择具有副词性质的词成为答题的关键。分析四个选项可知符合条件的只有C项(wherever)，故答案选C。句意：在全球经济中，无论是在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药物，这都将会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。【答案】C3(2
85、013江西高考)If_to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.Aasked Bto askCasking Dhaving asked【解析】句意：如果被要求为他人照看行李，请立即通知警察。主句为祈使句，省略了主语you，根据语境可知，条件状语从句中ask与you之间为动宾关系，故选A项。【答案】A4(2013陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you_I came back from abroad.Asince BuntilCbefore Dwhen
86、【解析】从题干中的“have heard”可知是“已经听说”，所以应该是“自从我回来”，因此要用since引导时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，我听到了很多关于你的好消息。【答案】A5(2012山东高考)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.Aas BifCunless Dthough【解析】句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。四个选项均为连词。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as可引导时间状语从句，表示
87、主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合句意。【答案】A6_，I would like to express my wish to meet you again at the next Olympic Games.AIn case BIn commonCOn behalf DIn conclusion【解析】句意：最后，我希望我们能在下一届奥运会上再度相会。in conclusion“总之”；in case“万一”；in common“共同的”；on behalf“代表”。【答案】D7It is strongly suggested tha
88、t measures_students to cheat in the exams.Abe taken to prevent Bbe taken to forbidCare taken to prevent Dare taken to forbid【解析】suggest当“建议”讲，从句应使用虚拟语气；should动词原形或把should省略，由此排除C、D两项；prevent的用法是prevent sb.from doing sth.，而forbid的用法是forbid sb.to do sth.。【答案】B8Employees_about the low wages，and the lon
89、g working hours.Acomplain BexplainCcompromise Dblame【解析】句意：雇员们抱怨薪水低和工作时间长。complain“抱怨”；explain“解释”；compromise“妥协”；blame“责备”。【答案】A9(2012德州高二检测)Lucy has_all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.Aacquired BfinishedCconcluded Dachieved【解析】achieve
90、ones goal达到某人的目标。【答案】D10Scientists are convinced_the positive effect of laughter_physical and mental health.Aof；at Bby；inCof；on Don；at【解析】句意：科学家们确信大笑对身心健康的积极影响。be convinced of是固定短语，后面表示“对的影响”，所以用on。【答案】C.用适当的连词填空。1_ there is a will，there is a way.2The teacher raised his voice _ the students at the b
91、ack could hear more clearly.3My friends like me _ Im handsome and successful.4We must strike _ the iron is hot.5She treats Tom very well _ he were her own son.6_ the boy is not very clever，I still like him.7_ possible，Id like to have two copies.8When in Rome，do _ the Romans do.【答案】1.Where2.so that3.
92、because4.while5as if6.Though/Although7.If8.asPeriod Cultural Corner & Writing教学目标(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。(2)理解课文。(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。(5)掌握正反观点的议论文的模式。教学地位本课时的内容是掌握正反观点议论文的模式，这是高考作文中常见的一种写作类型。正反观点议论文的写作方法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。新课导入建议“在生活中，对同一事物和问题人们常有不同的看法。”这是中学英语作文常见的题目，也
93、是高考中常出现的题目。我们应该怎样写这类的作文呢？那么我们就通过对本节课的学习，了解并学好如何写这类的作文。教学流程设计导入新课。).判断正误阅读P55课文，判断正(T)误(F)1More and more people in the world want to learn Chinese.()2All speakers of other languages think Chinese must be very difficult.()【答案】1.T2.F.语篇理解阅读P53课文，选择最佳答案1English has a number of colourful expressions whic
94、h are hard to understand because _Athey dont make senseBthey are oldfashionedCthey may refer to ideas beyond the simple meaning of the words.2An advertising slogan is probably _Aan amusing saying in advertisingBa reply to a customer in a shopCan expression which is associated with a product in an ad
95、vertisement【答案】1.C2.C1be relevant to与有关(to为介词)The dilemma is to know which are explicit，which are figurative，and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.(P53)困难之处就在于弄清哪些是明确的含义，哪些是比喻意义，为什么它们跟现实生活的某些情景是相关的。What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question.他们所讨论的与目前的问题无关。What expe
96、rience do you have that is relevant to this position？你有哪些和这个职位相关的经验？,x(relevant adj.有关的；切题的,relevance n关联；相关,have relevance to 和相关；与有联系,relevantly adv.相关联的,blc rc(avs4alco1(be connected with.,be relevant to./have relevance to.,be related to.,have something to do with.)和有关,联(关系)Do you have the releva
97、nt experience?你有相关的经历吗？What he said has no direct relevance to the matter in hand.他所说的话与眼下的事没有直接关系。完成句子这些事实和此案有关。These facts _the case.她已搜集了一切有关的信息。She has gathered all the _【答案】are relevant torelevant information2convey vt. & vi.传达；传递；传播；表达(想法、感受)Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveyi
98、ng a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years.(P53)习语是独特或者滑稽可笑的表达，它包含的含义和表面的意思不同，而且很多年以来在英语中很常见。The film conveys a lot of information in an entertaining way.这个电影以趣味十足的手法传达很多信息。Words cant convey how happy I was.言辞无法表达我内心的幸福。convey sth.to sb.向某
99、人传达/表达(思想、感情等)convey sb./sth.from.to.把某人/某物从运送到convey that.传达/表明All the information can be conveyed in a simple diagram.所有这些信息可以通过简单的图表来传达。This ship conveys oil from the Middle East.这艘船从中东运输石油。What is it that the author wants to_his readers through the story?Aconvey toBconveyCconvey for Dconvey with
100、【解析】句意：作者通过这个故事要向读者表达些什么？convey sth.to sb.“向某人传达或表达”；B、C、D三项搭配错误。【答案】A3let sb.down使某人失望With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.(P53)With friends like these，who needs enemies？的意思是朋友背叛了你的信任或辜负了你。Please come and support me.Dont let me down.请来支持我，
101、别让我失望。He speaks English very fluently，but his pronunciation lets him down.他英语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不太好。let alone不干涉；不管；更不用说let into让进入let out放掉；发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密等)let off使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚take in(衣服)改瘦；欺骗He never lets his parents downbecause he works very hard.他从不会让他的父母失望因为他很用功。Your mother is tiredlet her alone.你妈
102、妈累了别打扰她了。完成句子别担心，我决不会让你失望的。Dont worry.Ill _句型转换I trust him but he makes me disappointed.I trust him but he _【答案】never let you downlets me down4.meaning we will oppose_ prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.(P53)意思是我们反对对黑人的歧视，并且反抗美国人之间的冲突。(1)oppose v反抗；反对；抵制He opposed t
103、he proposal to build another new church.他反对再建一座新教堂的建议。We are opposed to any action that does great harm to the environment.我们反对任何破坏环境的行为。oppose (doing)sth.反对某事be opposed to (doing)sth.反对某事as opposed to与相对；与成对比object to反对She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。I object to being spo
104、ken to like that.我不喜欢别人那样对我说话。完成句子许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。Many residents are_the plan of building the motorway.我在这里是办公事而不是度假。I am here on business_a holiday.【答案】opposed toas opposed to(2)resist v抵抗；抵制；抗拒He is in good health；he is able to resist diseases.他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。She could hardly resist laughing.她忍不住笑起来
105、。resist表示“忍耐；忍住”，常用于否定句。cannot resist (doing) sth.忍不住做某事resistance n反抗；抵抗；抵抗力make some/no resistance进行/不抵抗resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to对有抵抗力Out of curiosity，I couldnt resist taking a look at her diary.出于好奇，我忍不住偷看了一眼她的日记。Club is resistant to any form of change.该俱乐部反对任何形式的变革。完成句子这些秧苗有抗寒力。The
106、seedlings _ cold weather.这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。There has been _ this new law.她永远抵挡不住买新鞋的诱惑。She can never _ new shoes.【答案】are resistant toa lot of resistance toresist buying5Not_all idioms have been common for many years.(P54)并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。not all.意为“并非所有的都”，是部分否定，not的位置灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。Not all the people
107、 present agreed with you.All the people present didnt agree with you.不是所有在场的人都赞成你的看法。【提示】(1)与not连用构成部分否定的词有all，both，every，everybody，everywhere，everyone，always，everything，entirely，wholly。(2)表全部否定的词有none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。Not everybody can do the same.并非每个人都能同样这么做。The name o
108、f the country wont always be the same as the name of the language.国家的名称并非总是与该国的语言名称相一致。翻译句子Not all the people can appreciate the painting._All birds cant fly._【答案】并不是所有的人都欣赏这幅画。并非所有的鸟都会飞。6But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China；the_fact_that Chinese culture has co
109、ntinued uninterrupted for more than 5，000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.(P55)但是现在还有一种对中国文化和传统的兴趣的复兴；对世界上其他国家的人们来说，中国文化毫无间断地延续了5，000年让他们感到好奇和着迷。此句中that引导的是同位语从句用来补充说明fact的内容。that引导同位语从句时，虽不作成分，但不能省略。They told me the news that our team had won th
110、e match.他们告诉我我们队赢得了比赛的消息。同位语从句一般由that，whether，what，how等连词引导，常位于fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，suggestion等名词的后面。The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.对于我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作这个问题还未进行讨论。He made a suggestion that we should see the guest off.他建议我们给客人送行。【提示】suggestion后
111、接同位语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(should动词原形)。(2013浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.Ahow BthatCwhich Dwhether【解析】句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that.完全相信，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导
112、，所以正确答案为B项。【答案】B正反观点议论文写正反观点议论性书面表达需要做到文章结构完整，条理清楚，逻辑性强。此类书面表达的结构一般是：1开门见山地点明所要阐述的内容，即提出争论的焦点。2陈述正方观点及论据(理由)。3陈述反方观点及论据(理由)。4归纳总结或发表自己的观点。常用句式：Opinions are divided on the question.Some are in favour of it.(be for/approve of/agree/support.)In their opinion，./They hold the view that.Others hold the op
113、posite opinion (be against/disagree.)They argue that.Every coin has two sides.As far as I am concerned./In my opinion.人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1.广交朋友2可自由表达思想3利于外语学习1.浪费时间2影响学习3可能上当受骗？注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容；2词数120左右。参考词汇：网络朋友online friend(s)；上当受骗get cheated思路点拨
114、本篇作文从以下几个方面入手。一、提出争论的焦点学生网上交友二、陈述支持学生网上交友的观点及理由三、陈述反对学生网上交友的观点及理由四、发表自己的看法词汇热身1对待的态度_2赞成；支持_3反对_4对有影响_【答案】1.an attitude to2.be in favour of/be for3be against4.have an effect on句式温习1网络有助于交友。The Internet helps_2通过网上聊天，学生可以自由地表达他们的情感和观点。Chatting online，students can freely _3然而，有些人认为学生不应该上网聊天。Others，how
115、ever，think _【答案】1.make many friends2.convey/express their feelings and opinions3.students shouldnt chat online连句成篇_【参考范文】Should students make friends online？Different people have different opinions about it.Their views mainly fall into two groups.Some people are in favour of it.First of all，the Inte
116、rnet helps make many friends.Chatting online，students can freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies.Others，however，think students shouldnt chat online.They say making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on s
117、tudy.Besides，some students get cheated online.It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things.As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.立体式复习单词A基础单词1_v很重要；很有价值2_adj.独特的3_n祖先4_n讨论；辩论5_v调查6_v得到；获得7_adv.此外；而且8_adj
118、.极好的9_v传达；传递10_v弄明白；澄清11_n意义；含义12_v拒绝接受13_v反对14_v反抗；抵抗15_n赞成【答案】1.count2.unique3.ancestor4.debate5investigate6.acquire7.furthermore8.splendid9convey10.clarify11.significance12.reject13oppose14.resist15.approvalB词汇拓展16_adv.立即，马上_adj.立刻的17_v抱怨，不满_n抱怨18_adj.信服的，确信的_adj.令人相信的_v使确信19_v将分类_adj.分类的_n分类20_n
119、好奇心_adj.好奇的_adv.好奇地【答案】16.instantly；instantplain；complaint18.convinced；convincing；convince19.classify；classified；classification20.curiosity；curious；curiously.递进式回顾短语A短语互译1_区分开2_只要3_更确切地说4_在于5_对报怨6_be convinced of7_be relevant to8_let sb down9_in conclusion10_get down to【答案】1.tell.apart2.as long as3.
120、or rather4.lie inplain about6.相信7.与相关8.让某人失望9.总之10.开始认真做某事B用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子。11I worked as a secretary，_，a typist.12Could you _ the twins _？13Tom _ working as soon as he arrived at the office.14He _ the bad service to the manager.15_，we shouldnt jump to a conclusion so quickly now.【答案】11.or rather12.
121、tell.apart13.got down to14complained about15.In conclusion.仿写式活用句型1Its_thought_that the project cant be completed this year.【句式仿写】据报道，有六个人死于这场事故。_2I dont mind where we go as_long_as there is sunshine，sea and beach.【句式仿写】只要不灰心，你迟早都会成功的。_3The way out lies_in education.【句式仿写】他的成功在于他的聪明。_4I didnt know t
122、he_fact_that he was studying abroad.【句式仿写】我不知道他不抽烟就会感到难受的事实。_5She recognised him instantly he appeared.【句式仿写】我一回家就给你打电话。_【答案】1.It is reported that six people were killed in the accident.2.As long as you dont lose heart，youll succeed sooner or later.3.His success lies in his smartness.4.I didnt know the fact that he couldnt go without smoking.5.Ill phone you instantly I get home.
