1、2014高考英语复习素材18（限时120分钟）第一部分 完形填空 （共两节, 20小题； 每小题2分，满分40分）完形填空（1） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从110各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。If you wear socks on your ears, you wont be punished. Crossing a street against a red light is another matter its against the law. Laws are _1_ rules made by governments. They keep p
2、eace and create order. _2_ people break laws, their governments punish them. Long ago, people lived only in small tribal groups. They lived together, followed the same _3_, and worshipped the same gods. There were no formal laws. _4_, people were guided by their customs, morals, and religion.Over ti
3、me, cities began to form. Laws became more formal and were written down in legal codes. In about 1750 BC, the king of Babylon _5_ one of the first legal codes, the Code of Hammurabi. It listed certain crimes and told how they should be punished. The ancient Romans helped shape our modern view of law
4、. In the 600s BC, citizens of Rome wrote down all of their basic laws on twelve bronze tablets. The Romans declared that no citizen, _6_ the ruler, was above the law. Modern law codes are rooted in the Roman system. Such law codes are statutory, meaning they are created and changed by legislatures,
5、not by courts. Another system of law _7_ later in England. Before the 12th century AD., each part of England had its own rules and customs. From the 12th century onward, England became a single nation. The courts of the land made sure people _8_ a common set of customs the English common law.Unlike
6、the Roman system of law, the common law was never written down in one place. Instead, the courts made decisions about the law _9_ earlier court decisions. Those decisions are called examples. Each case must be decided in the same way as earlier cases. But if a case has some new aspects, the decision
7、 made will set a new example. That way, courts gradually change the law _10_ society changes.1.A. policeB. politicalC. officialD. officer2.A. UnlessB. UntilC. ThoughD. When3.A. lawsB. traditionsC. actionD. principles4.A. InsteadB. IncludingC. BesidesD. Moreover5.A. imaginedB. assumedC. createdD. sup
8、posed6.A. except forB. not evenC. in addition toD. besides7.A. took effectB. made upC. got overD. picked up8.A. formedB. providedC. presentedD. followed9.A. set aboutB. based onC. came toD. taken over10.A. beforeB. afterC. despiteD. as完形填空（2）阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 然后从1120各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。 D
9、ance can be art, ritual, or recreation. It goes _11_ the functional purposes of the movements used in work or athletics in order to express emotions, moods, or ideas; tell a story; _12_ religious, political, economic, or social needs; or simply be an _13_ that is pleasurable, exciting, or aesthetica
10、lly (审美的) valuable.Besides giving _14_ pleasure, dancing can have psychological effects. Feelings and ideas can be expressed and communicated; _15_ rhythms and movements can make a group feel unitied. In some societies, dancing often _16_ trance(心醉神迷的状态)or other changed states of consciousness. Thes
11、e states can be _17_ as signaling possession by spirits, or they may be sought as a means to emotional _18_. A state of trance may enable people to perform remarkable feats of strength, endurance, or _19_, such as dancing through hot coals. In some societies shamans (道士) dance in trance in order to
12、heal others physically or emotionally. The modern field of dance _20 _ developed as a means to help people express themselves and relate to others. 11.A. behindB. afterC. beyondD. forward12.A. doB. haveC. performD. serve13.A. experienceB. emotionC. feelingD. experiment14.A. mentalB. physicalC. emoti
13、onalD. spiritual15.A. hearingB. practicingC. sharingD. enjoying16.A. refers toB. leads toC. turns upD. makes up17.A. interpretedB. interruptedC. preferredD. stressed18.A. pressureB. strainC. recognitionD. release19.A. dangerB. pleasureC. delightD. sadness20.A. medicineB. operationC. therapyD. cure第二
14、部分 阅读理解 （共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2145各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Passage A Visitors from space may have landed on our planet dozens, even hundreds of times during the long, empty ages while Man was still a dream of the distant future. Indeed, they could have landed on 90% of th
15、e earth as recently as two or three hundred years ago, and we could never have heard of it. If one searches through old newspapers and local records, one can find many reports of strange incidents that could be interpreted(解释) as visits from outer space. A winter, Charles Fort, had made a collection
16、 of UFO sightings in his book. One is tempted(引诱) to believe them more than any modern reports, for the simple reason that they happened long before anyone had ever thought of space travel. Yet at the same time, one cant take them too seriously, for before scientific education was widespread, even s
17、ightings of meteors(流星) and comets(彗星) gave rise to the most unbelievable stories, as they still do today.21. According to the passage visitors from space may have landed on the earth _.A. long before man had dreamed of it B. long before there were human beingsC. in the last few hundred years D. aft
18、er the space age began22. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. All observations of UFOs are believable B. Charles Fort sighted a lot of UFOs himself C. Older civilization (文明) may exist on other planets D. People have seen visitors from other planets everywhere23.
19、If visitors from other planets have actually landed on the earth, one can suppose that they came to _. A. make war B. communicate C. settle down D. explore24 The passage implies that the space age has _.A. made the reported sightings unbelievable B. increased the number of UFO sightingsC. allowed mo
20、re scientific study of UFOs D. given clearer pictures of UFOs25. According to the passage, _.A. UFOs are only recent observationsB. UFO sightings are not new C. UFOs are just meteors and cometsD. UFOs are invented by peoplePassage B One silly question I simply cant stand is “How do you feel?” Usuall
21、y the question is asked of a man in action a man on the go, walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? Hell probably say, “Fine, Im all right,” but “youve put a bug in his ear” maybe now hes not sure. If youre a good friend, you may have seen something
22、 in his face, or his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It starts him worrying a little. First thing you know, he looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, “How do you feel?” Every question has its time and place. Its perfectly acc
23、eptable, for instance, to asked “How do you feel?” if youre visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to catch a train, or sitting at his desk working, its no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous writer of plays,
24、 was in his eighties, someone asked him, “How do you feel?” Shaw put him in his place. “When you reach my age,” Shaw said, “either you feel all right or youre dead.”26. The passage tells us that some greetings such as “How do you feel?” _.A. show ones consideration for others B. are a good way to ma
25、ke friendsC. are proper to ask a man in action D. generally make one feel uneasy27. The question “How do you feel?” seems to be correct and suitable when asked of _.A. a man working at his work B. a person having lost a close friendC. a stranger who looks somewhat worriedD. a friend who is ill28. Th
26、e writer seems to feel that a busy man should _.A. be praised for his efforts B. never be asked any questionsC. not be troubled D. be discouraged from working so hard29. “Youve put a bug in his ear” means that youve _.A. made him laugh merrily B. given him some kind of warningC. shown much concern f
27、or him D. played a joke on him30. George Bernard Shaws reply in the passage shows his _.A. clevernessB. cheerfulnessC. power and skillsD. politeness Passage C Valentines Day is named for Saint Valentine an early Christmas churchman who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Chr
28、istian beliefs on February 14 more than 1700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that. More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Bo
29、ys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year. Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they sent each other Valentines Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also sent gifts, like flowe
30、rs of chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some used another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short “Jane, I love you very much”. Others say more
31、. This one, for example, “Dan, Roses are red. Violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever. May.” Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold throughout the United States, and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valent
32、ine message to lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentines Day message reach the one you love? We
33、ll, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper. 31. When was the day named after Valentine?A. More than 1700 years ago before Valentines death B. More than 2000 years agoC. On February 24 D. It is not mentioned in the passage.32. Which is not true about the Roman holiday? A. Girls put into a conta
34、iner large pieces of paper with their own names on them. B. Boys and girls became sweet hearts by chance C. Girls and boys were not lovers for a year. D. It was celebrated as a holiday for lovers33. What is the cost of printing a message to show ones love? Its _.A. a few dollars B. 80 dollars, and m
35、oreC. very expensive D. a few dollars in a local newspaper and 80 dollars in USA Today34. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The ancient Roman girls were more open and easy-going than boys B. Valentine was killed for helping lovers C. Readers of USA Today can send roses to their lovers along
36、with printed messages D. Valentine was honored by people for his firm Christian belief and warm heart35. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To briefly introduce the origin of Valentines Day and the modern style.B. To advertise for USA Today. C. To tell you that Americans are open to express their
37、 love D. To sell roses on Valentines Day. Passage D Bacteria(细菌) are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in micron. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across, Rod-shaped bacteria a
38、re usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron across. Thus, if you magnified a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just the size of a pinhead, while a grown-up human enlarged by the same amount would be over a mile tall. Even with an ordinary micro
39、scope(显微镜), you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one can hardly find bacteria. Nor can one make out anything of their structure(结构), of course. Only by using special colors, can one see that some bacteria have wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have on
40、ly one flagellum. The flagella move round a central point, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can move along over surface by some little-understood “machinery”. From the bacterial point of view, the world is a ve
41、ry different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses(糖浆) is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are affected by the movements of the chemical molecules(分子) around them. Bacteria under microscopes, even those with no flagella, often jump up and down in the wa
42、ter. This is because they knock with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that.36. The underlined word magnified means _.A. enlargedB. widenedC. killedD. caught37. We know from the passage that _ is the smallest.A. a pinhead B. a rounded bacterium C. a microscopeD. a rod-shaped bacterium3
43、8. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly like which of the following?A. A rider jumping on a horse back B. A ball being hit by a betC. A boat powered by a motor D. A door closed by wind39. Why does the writer compares water to molasses in the third paragraph? A. To tel
44、l us how difficult it is for bacteria to move through water. B. To suggest that bacteria are fond of different liquids. C. To show different chemicals are of different structures. D. To show that bacteria are the best swimmers.40. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. The charac
45、teristic (特点) of bacteria. B. How bacteria reproduce.C. The various parts of a bacteriums body D. How bacteria cause diseases. Passage E The Peppered Moth, a kind of insect, is found in England. It is light brown in color and likes to settle on trees which are also light brown. This makes the moth d
46、ifficult to be seen and birds are less likely to notice and eat it. But with the development of industry, smoke from factories began to reach the trees where the moth settled. It made the trees blacker. Then something very strange took place: in industrial areas, the Peppered Moth began to change co
47、lor. It became darker as well. Although the change took several years, some scientists soon noticed that newly-born moths were a little darker than usual. A scientist called Kettle Well decided to make a careful study of this. He marked some of the light moths and some of the darker ones, and set th
48、em free in the woods near Birmingham, an industrial city. Later he retarget as many the marked moths as possible ( The result was given in the chart ). Kettle Wells research was done in the early 1950s. Soon afterwards Britain introduced new laws to reduce smoke and factory pollution.Can you imagine
49、 what would happen to the Peppered Moth as the air became cleaner again? light mothsdarker mothsMoths set free201601Moths recaught34 ( 16%)206 ( 34%)41. The trees where the Peppered Moth settled changed their color because _. A. the Peppered Moth changed its color B. the Peppered Moth couldnt be eas
50、ily found on themC. industry in England developed quickly D. the smoke from factories polluted them42. The Peppered Moth began to change its color in industrial areas because _.A. it changed its color all the time B. it was fond of the color of its living placeC. it had to protect itself by doing so
51、 D. it was a special sort of insect43. From the results of Kettle Wells research, we can see that _. A. many more of the light moths were killed or eaten B. more than one-fifth of the light moths escaped being killed C. three times as many dark moths were kept safe as light ones D. more dark moths w
52、ere killed in industrial areas44. Kettle Wells work gives us a good example of _.A. Air Pollution B. Choice of Color C. Laws of Nature D. Changing Insects45. As the air became cleaner, _. A. the number of the light moths increased B. the total number of the light moths remained unchanged C. more of
53、the darker moths would be recaughtD. the darker moths changed into the light ones before long 第三部分 语法填空 (共2篇，20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分)语法填空（一） 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卷标号为4655的相应位置上。Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, ma
54、ny cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 46 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 47 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many peop
55、le 48 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 49 （importance）, less pollution.Which of the types of mass transit 50 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can holddozens of people, imagine what a bus 51 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many bus
56、es that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. Its not 52 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 53 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities a
57、round the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 54 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link va
58、rious cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV ( high-speed-train ) is the worlds fastest, 55 (average) over 270 kph!语法填空（二） 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卷标号为5665的相应位置上。Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships
59、56 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 57 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 58 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 59 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of
60、these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 60 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to deve
61、lop towards the west. However, this westward 61 (move) took place 62 because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 63 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years
62、later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 64 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 65 (like) the United States, wa
63、s firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the Unit
64、ed States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.第四部分 读写任务 (共1小题，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。阅读材料 An elderly carpenter（木匠） was ready to retireHe told his employer of his plans to leave the house-building business and live a more leisurely l
65、ife with his wife enjoying his extended familyHe would miss the paycheck, but he needed to retireThey could get byThe employer was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favorThe carpenter said yes, but in time it was easy to see that his heart
66、was not in his workHe resorted to（采用） poor workmanship(工艺，手艺) and used inferior（低劣的） materialsIt was an unfortunate way to end a dedicated careerWhen the carpenter finished his work, the employer came to inspect the houseHe handed the front-door key to the carpenterThis is your house, he said, my gi
67、ft to you The carpenter was shocked! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently写作内容1以约30个词概括短文的要点；2以约120个词在这个故事内容的基础上展开讨论并包括以下内容：（1）今天的付出和明天的收获之间的关系；（2）构筑房屋和构建生活之间的关系；（3）对你的议论进行总结。写作要求1.作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接原文抄袭。2.题目自拟。
68、评分标准概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。参考答案1-45 CDBAC BADBD CDABC BADAC BCDAB DDCBA ACDDA ABCAA DCACA 46. how47. where48. sharing49. importantly50. described 51. twice52. uncommon53. riders54. neighborhoods55. averaging56. belonging57. less58. exploring59. who/that60.in61. movement62. more63. was discovered64. str
69、iking65. unlikeWe Are What We MakeAn expert carpenter, whod like to retire, was requested to build one more house for his employerHowever, the house he built this time was of poor workmanship and inferior materialsWhen the employer noticed this, he gave the house as a gift to the carpenter , who was
70、 greatly shockedThis story is thought-provokingIt implies that what we do today matters greatly to our futureGood skills and superior materials make a good houseSimilarly, what it takes to build a good life are devotion and diligenceEach minor step forward, like a nail, a board or a brick, will cont
71、ribute to the life we are constructingFor your best work today you will be rewarded tomorrow, and for your poor work today you will get punishedSo our future is based on todays effortsOur attitude, and the choices we make today, help shape the house we will live in tomorrowThere is a saying: As you
72、sow, so will you reapThe more you devote today, the greater the harvest will beIf we make fewer efforts than we can or even no effort, no goals can be achieved To conclude, life is a DIY gift for ourselvesTherefore, Build wisely! Act rather than react, spare no efforts today, and then we will live in the splendid house we have built ourselves
