1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Unit 2 Cloning基础自主检测阅读识记.英译汉1.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续2.arbitrary adj. 任意的3.attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)4.constitution n. 宪法；章程5.initial adj. 最初的；开始的6.adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱.汉译英1.straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的2.cast vt. 扔；投；掷3.moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的4.vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的高频应用1.breakthrough
2、n. 突破2.altogether adv. 总共；完全地3.obtain vt. 获得；赢得 4.forbid vt. 禁止；不准pulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的6.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于7.shortly adv. 立刻；不久 8.bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰9.strike vt.& vi. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工10.drawback n. 缺点；不利条件拓展变形1.differ (vi.) 不同；相异difference (n.) 不同；差异different (adj.) 不同的2.exact (adj.) 精确
3、的；准确的exactly (adv.) 精确地；准确地3.undertake (vt.) 着手；从事；承担 undertaking (n.) 任务；项目；事业；保证；企业4.correction (n.) 改正；纠正；修正correct (vt.) 改正；纠正5.object (vi.) 反对；不赞成objection (n.) 不赞成；反对；异议6.accumulate (vt. & vi.) 积累；聚积accumulation (n.) 积累；聚积7.retire (vi.) 退休；离开retirement (n.) 退休，退职；退役retired (adj.) 退休的；离职的8.assu
4、mption (n.) 假定；设想assume (vt.) 假定；设想9.regulation (n.) 规则；规章；法规regular (adj.) 规则的；有规律的regulate (vt.) 控制；管理；调节10.resist (vt.) 抵抗；对抗resistance (n.) 抵抗力；反抗resistant (adj.) 有抵抗力的；耐的11.merely (adv.) 仅；只；不过mere (adj.) 仅仅；小的12.decoration (n.) 装饰decorate (v.) 装饰；布置13.fairly (adv.) 公平地；相当地fairness (n.) 公平fair
5、(adj.) 公平的；适当的；合理的14.reasonable (adj.) 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的unreasonable (反义词) (adj.) 不合情理的reason (n.) 理由；原因1.“动词副词”构成的合成名词drawback 缺点breakdown 崩溃；故障farewell 告别feedback 反馈setup 计划；组织breakup 分手；中断2.含词根sist的词resist v. 抵抗 insist v. 坚持persist v. 坚持assist v. 协助consist vi. 由组成一 动词介/副词1.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2.cast
6、 down 使失望；使沮丧3.strike . into ones heart 使某人对刻骨铭心4.bring back to life 使复生；使复活5.owe . to 把归功于二 其他6.in favo(u)r of 赞成；支持7.(be) bound to (do) . 一定或注定(做)8.from time to time 不时；偶尔9.in vain 白费力气；枉费心机10.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏1.“in名词of”短语in favour of 赞成；支持in search of 寻找in view of 鉴于；由于 in memo
7、ry of 为了纪念in honour of 为了纪念 in terms of 就而言2.“v.off”短语pay off 偿清 cut off 切断take off 起飞 turn off 关闭put off 推迟give off 发出光/热/气体等3.“in名词”短语in vain 白费力气；枉费心机in relief 如释重负地in short 总之；简言之 in trouble 陷入麻烦in need 在困难中 in danger 在危险中_1.while 表对比关系，“然而；可是”Cloning plants is straightforward while (然而) cloning
8、 animals is very complicated.(教材P11)2.当now，then位于句首，谓语是come，appear等且主语为名词时，句子完全倒装Then came (传来) the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(教材P11P12)3.The advantage is that . “其优点是”，that引导表语从句The_advantage_is_that (优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others
9、 will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(教材P15)4.based on . “建立在的基础之上”，过去分词短语作状语Based_on (建立在基础之上) what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(教材P15)单句语法填空1.It is a way of _ (make) an exact copy of another a
10、nimal or plant.答案：making2.The fact is _ these are both examples of natural clones.答案：that3.But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid _ in 1996 with a breakthrough.答案：off4.The fact _ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.答案：that5.Cloning scientists were cast _ to
11、 find _ Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.答案：down; that6.Newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves _ (attain) their ambitions.答案：to attain7.Dollys death, like her birth, was bound _ (raise) worries.答案：to raise8.The initial requirement is _ you need perfe
12、ct DNA.答案：that9.All efforts of cloning an animal will be _ vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illnesses.答案：in10.Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes _ (arrange) in different ways.答案：arranged考点步步冲关1 undertakevt.着手；从事；承担；保证；答应It is a difficult task to
13、undertake.(P11)它是一项很难完成的任务。undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事undertake that . 保证undertake responsibility/a task 承担责任/任务即时练1单句语法填空The police are said _ (undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.Cooking, traditionally _ (undertake) by mothers, has been often take
14、n over by fathers nowadays.Whether or not the construction of the bridge _ (undertake) by our company remains to be seen.答案：to be undertakingundertakenwill be undertaken2 objectionn不赞成；反对；异议On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and publ
15、ic imagination.(P12)另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。(1)raise an objection to sth. 对某事提出异议make/take/have an objection to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)object n. 物体；目标vi. 反对；不赞成object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object that . 反对(3)objective adj. 真实的；客观的；无偏见的名师点津(1)object to中的to为介词，后
16、接名词、代词或动名词。(2)object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语不需加介词to。be opposed to . 表示“反对，和相反”。即时练2单句语法填空I have no objection _ your going, but you must promise to come back before ten.As long as you can guarantee safety and low cost, we havent any slightest _ (object)Do you have any objection
17、to _ (change) your working hours?The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to _ (photograph)I find it difficult to be _ (object) where youre concerned.答案：toobjectionchangingbeing photographedobjective3 forbidvt.(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准Some began to
18、 reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning . (P12)有些政府开始改革司法制度，明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that . 禁止(从句中常用“(should)动词原形”)forbidden adj. 禁止的It is forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的。即时练3单句语法填空The factory forbids the workers _ smoking in the workshops.The guard
19、forbade us _ (look) out of the window when the train was moving.Lack of space forbids _ (list) the names of all those who contributed.For this writer there is no such a thing as a _ (forbid) topic.答案：fromto looklistingforbidden4 owevt.欠(钱、账、人情等)；归功于；应感谢You owe the lady an apology.(P13)你必须向这位女士道歉。(1)
20、owe sb. sth./owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情owe . to . 把归功于；应感激(2)owing adj. 欠着的；未付的owing tobecause ofon account ofdue to 因为；由于名师点津如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如：He owes it to his doctors care that he is quite well again.他恢复得很好，他把这归功于
21、医生的照顾。即时练4单句语法填空He owed _ to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.She had a headache, _ (owe) to the weather here, but she is now accustomed to it.答案：itowing一句多译多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。_， we succeeded in starting the engine. (介词短语)_ we succeeded in starting the engine. (强调句型)答案：Owing
22、to her assistanceIt was owing to her assistance that1pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清教材原句But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.(P11)但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。pay sth. off 付清；偿清(债务)pay sb. off (结工资后)解雇；用
23、钱封某人的口pay for sth. 付钱(买)；支付；为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay sb. for sth. 付钱给某人买某物pay back 还钱，偿还；报复pay out 付款；支付；回报即时练1写出下列句中pay off的含义It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan._Two hundred workers have been paid off._All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam._答案：偿清(结工资后)解雇；打发走取
24、得成功；奏效用pay相关短语的适当形式填空It has been rather costly to install the machine, but it should _ in the long run.Loss of health is too high a price to _ success in your studies.I am sure that he will _ every cent he owes you.答案：pay offpay forpay back2in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏教材原句The dodo became ext
25、inct fairly recently so its DNA is still in good condition. (P17)渡渡鸟是近期才灭绝的动物，因此它的DNA仍保存完好。(1)working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/学习环境on condition (that) . 在条件下；条件是；倘若；只要in conditionfit/healthy 健康；状况好out of condition 状况欠佳on condition (that) . 在条件下；倘若on no condition 一点儿也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)(2)con
26、ditional adj. 有条件的；以为条件的名师点津condition指人或物自身的状况时，常用作不可数名词；指周围的环境、境况、条件时，常用复数形式。on no condition置于句首时句子用部分倒装。即时练2用condition相关短语的适当形式填空You must _ tell him what happened.Ill let you have the book _ you should return it to me next week.He knew that he was _ from sitting for so long in the office.答案：on no
27、conditionon condition (that)out of condition一句多译你可以使用这台电脑，条件是你能合理使用并且不弄坏。You may use this computer, _ you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.You may use this computer _ you are able to use it properly so as not to damage it.答案：as long ason condition that1The_fact_that she seemed to d
28、evelop normally was very encouraging.(P11)翻译她看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。the fact that . 的事实，that引导同位语从句。本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句，用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有：连接词that, whether; 连接代词who, which,
29、 what; 连接副词where, when, why, how等。名师点津使用同位语从句要注意以下两点：(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等)的后面，用于说明该词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。(2)同位语
30、从句的语气。在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为“建议，要求，命令”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。如：The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.主席提出建议，应采纳新规则。即时练1单句语法填空The idea _ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.We are not investigat
31、ing the question _ he is trustworthy.We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.He made a suggestion that they _ (hold) an English speech contest.答案：thatwhetherwhere(should) hold2The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but ot
32、hers will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.(P15)翻译其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。The advantage is that . “优势是”。that在此引导表语从句。The advantage/strength of . is that . 的优势是The disadvantage of . is that . 的不足是The drawback of . is that .
33、 的缺点是The problem of . is that . 的问题是Chances/The chances are that . 有可能The news is that . 消息是即时练2单句写作优势是我们很好地掌握了英语。_ we have a good command of English.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。_ the popularity of cars _ it brings about so much air pollution.他们很有可能会发现你是谁。_ they might find out who you are.答案：The advantage i
34、s thatThe drawback of; is thatChances/The chances are that3Based_on what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.(P15)翻译就我们现在所知，你不可能克隆那些绝种了一万年以上的动物。based on是过去分词短语作状语。worried/concerned about对感到担忧satisfied with对感到满意surrounded by被包围faced with 面对compared wi
35、th 与比较即时练3单句语法填空_ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class._ (compare) with his room, my room is even smaller._ (face) with all these global problems, we cannot stand where we are.答案：SatisfiedComparedFaced同位语概念同位语是句子成分的一种，位于名词或代词后面，对其进行解释和补充说明，它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。The program is
36、attractive. The program is Where Are We Going, Dad.The program, Where Are We Going, Dad, is attractive.爸爸去哪儿这个节目很吸引人。同位语的表现形式同位语除可以直接位于所修饰的名词、代词后外，也可以用“for example, such as, that is, or”等词引导。The freezing temperature is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. Freezing point is
37、 that too.The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰的温度或冰点是在常压下水结冰的温度。同位语从句1概念：一个句子在复合句中起到同位语的作用，对前面的名词进行解释说明。这个句子被称为同位语从句。He told me the newshe would come home from abroad soon.He told me the news that he would come home from ab
38、road soon.他告诉我他很快从国外回家的消息。2用法：同位语从句一般位于“fact, news, idea, truth, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question, promise, information”等抽象名词后，解释前面名词的具体内容或含义。When will he come back? I have no idea.Ive no idea when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候会回来。3同位语从句连接词有“that, whether, who, which, what, when, where, why, how
39、”等。Should we continue to do the experiment？The problem has not been solved.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been solved.我们是否应该继续做这个实验这个问题还没有得到解决。4同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与其所修饰的名词在内容上是等同(同位)关系，在句中的语法作用处于同等地位；而定语从句是用来对其前面的名词(亦即先行词)起修饰，限定作用，相当于一个形容词。Then he raised the ques
40、tion.Where were they to get the machine needed?Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.(同位语从句)然后他提出他们要从哪得到所需要的机器这一问题。Do you know the place? He was born in the place.Do you know the place where he was born？(定语从句)你知道他出生的地方吗？即时练.单句语法填空1The only way to succeed at the highes
41、t level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.答案：that2Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.答案：why3The question _ will take his place is still not clear
42、.答案：who4We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.答案：where.单句改错1Jim got to know the news which the whole village was in great danger._答案：whichthat2There is no doubt whether he will keep his promise._答案：whetherthat3I have no idea where do they live._答案：去掉do4When t
43、he news came because the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army._答案：becausethat基础达标演练.单句语法填空1I owe _ to him that this collection can be made known to the public.答案：it2The information _ (obtain) from the Internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websit
44、es.答案：obtained3The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist _ (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.答案：taking4I think it is her personality rather than her looks that _ (strike) me. Asking her to marry me is my dream.答案：has struck5The studen
45、ts are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _ (stay) out after 11 pm.答案：to stay6That company wants to reduce prices to increase its market share, and this is _ we differ.答案：where7I am sure the new traffic regulation will meet with a strong _ (object) from the public.答案：objection8You cant comp
46、are themthere is a fundamental _ (differ) in kind.答案：difference9As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the strange beliefs are bound _ (go) out of our life.答案：to go10I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.答案：merely.单句改错1Owe to
47、 his absence, we had to put off the class meeting till next week._答案：OweOwing2I believe that your efforts will pay back sooner or later._答案：backoff3The news which our team won the match was encouraging._答案：whichthat4Minetta was in the poor condition last week in hospital; therefore, her parents were
48、 in favour of performing an operation._答案：去掉poor前的the5It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan._答案：去掉第一个to或struckoccurred.教材微写作A根据提示完成句子1据我所知，人们对于克隆技术尤其是在克隆人方面分歧相当大。(differ)_答案：As far as I know, people differ greatly in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings.2一些人支持它的发
49、展，他们认为这项技术一定会有利于医学的发展。(in favour of; be bound to)_答案：Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development.3相反，另一些人害怕克隆能引起一系列的道德问题，对社会的发展造成危害。(on the contrary)_答案：On the contrary, others are afraid that it could raise a storm of moral probl
50、ems, thus causing damage to the social development.4我认为，只要所有的人都遵守规则，承诺合理应用克隆技术，克隆将会取得成功。(on the assumption that)_答案：In my opinion, cloning will pay off on the assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly.B将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：As far as I know, people differ greatly in cl
51、oning technique, especially in cloning human beings. Some people are in favour of its development, believing the technique is bound to benefit the medical development. On the contrary, others are afraid that it could raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on the assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly.- 18 - 版权所有高考资源网
