1、Module 7Unit 19Language1absence n不存在，缺乏 精讲拓展 in sb.s absence在某人不在的时候 absence from离开，缺席 in the absence of不存在，缺 be absent from不在，缺席 absentminded adj. 茫然的，心不在焉的，心神不定的典型例句Carolin will be in charge of the office during my absence.我不在的时候，办公室由卡罗琳负责。朗文当代She has had repeated absences from work this year.今年她屡
2、屡旷工。剑桥高阶In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.由于缺乏更确实的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。朗文当代 Absence makes the heart grow fonder.别离情更深。谚语She told the story with a complete_of any humour，which made us disappointed. Asense Babsence Cappearance Dattendance 解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：她毫无幽默地讲了
3、这 个故事，这让我们感到很失望，由后半句“我们很失 望”，可知道故事讲的不成功，缺乏幽默。A项sense of humour“幽默感”，不符合题意；appearance“外貌”和 attendance“参加”均不符合题意。 答案：B即学即用2surround vt.环绕，围绕 (常用被动语态)n.装饰 精讲拓展 surround sth.with sth.用把围绕起来 surround oneself with sth.的氛围 典型例句 She was sitting on the floor surrounded by the books. 她坐在地板上，周围都是书。朗文当代 Mystery
4、 still surrounds the exact circumstances of Stalins death. 斯大林去世的确切情况仍是迷雾重重。剑桥高阶 The old fireplace has a very attractive surround. 这老式壁炉有一圈很好看的装饰。朗文当代 The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings. 那所房子所处的环境非常优美。朗文当代即学即用A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence le
5、ss than one who lives in rich and varied_. Aplaces of interest Bsurroundings Csurrounding Dcustoms 解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：生活在枯燥乏味的环境下的孩子的智 力远赶不上生活在丰富多变的环境下的孩子。place of interest“名 胜”；surroundings“环境”；surrounding为形容词“周围的 ”； customs“海关；习惯”。故B项符合题意。 答案：BWhen Mr.Brown got off the train，he found himself _ by his s
6、tudents. Asurround Bto surround Csurrounding Dsurrounded 解析：考查surround 的非谓语形式。句意为：当布朗先生下火车 时，他发现自己被学生包围着。宾语补足语和宾语之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词。 答案：D3adequate adj.胜任的，足够的，充分的；适当的 精讲拓展 adequate to/for sth.适合的 adequate for对于是充分的 adequate to do足以做 典型例句 The citys water supply is no longer adequate for its needs. 这个城市的
7、供水不能再满足需要了。朗文当代 I hope he will prove adequate to the job. 我希望他将证明他能胜任这项工作。朗文当代 We have an adequate supply of paper for our needs. 我们的纸张足以满足我们的需求。美国传统 He doubted your adequacy for the job. 他怀疑你是否能胜任这项工作。朗文当代词语辨析adequate/enough/sufficient(1)三者都作为“足够的，充足的，”可用在名词前，表数量，但adequate和sufficient较为正式。We had ade
8、quate/enough/sufficient money for the journey.我们为这次旅行准备了足够的钱。(2)enough和sufficient可置于复数名词前，adequate 不可。Are there enough/sufficient apples for everyone？有足够的苹果分给每一个人吗？(3)表示数量时，adequate常有good enough(够好的或量足够的)之意。The prisoners received adequate food.犯人有相当好(质量好或量足够)的食物。The prisoners received enough/suffici
9、ent food.犯人的食物够吃的。即学即用Existing levels of funding are not_ to deal with this problem. Aunique Bnatural Cadequate Daccessible 解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：现有的拨款水平不足以 处理这个问题。unique 独一无二的；natural自然的； adequate足够的；accessible易进入的，易接近的。C项 符合题意。 答案：C4unconscious adj.不知不觉的，无意的，不省人事的， 失去知觉的 精讲拓展 knock/beat sb.unconscious打昏某人
10、 be unconscious of sth.没有意识到某事物 unconsciousness n无意识 be conscious of/that.意识到 典型例句 He was quite unconscious of having offended them. 他完全没有意识到已经得罪了他们。朗文当代 The boy is in a state of unconsciousness. 那男孩处于失去知觉的状态。朗文当代 She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious. 一块石头击中了她的头部，使她昏了过去。剑桥高阶 My
11、 unconscious desire is to impress him. 我潜意识里的欲望是想吸引他注意。剑桥高阶即学即用She has the_habit of biting her fingernails，which makes her mother very worried. Aunconscious Bambiguous Cinstant Dadequate 解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为：她有无意识的咬指甲的 习惯，这让她妈妈很担心。unconscious无意识的，不知 不觉的；ambiguous模棱两可的；instant瞬时的； adequate充分的。故A项符合题意。 答案：A
12、5resemble vt.像；与相似 精讲拓展 closely/strongly resemble 极为相似 faintly/vaguely resemble 略微相似 resemblance n类似，相似 bear a resemblance to(be similar to.)与相似 警示误区：resemble 是及物动词，但不用于被动语态。 典型例句 She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character. 她的外表像她的姐姐，但个性不像。朗文当代 There is a strong resemblance between
13、Susan and Robert. 苏姗和罗伯特相貌非常相似。朗文当代 You resemble your mother very closely. 你长得很像你妈妈。剑桥高阶 After the earthquake，the city resembled a battlefield. 地震过后，这座城市看上去就像战场一般。剑桥高阶 即学即用Soldiers are trained under conditions that closely_real combat. Asimilar Bresemble Clike Dcompare 解析：考查词义、词性辨析。句意为：士兵们在与实战 极为相似的
14、条件下接受训练。定语从句中缺少谓语动 词，虽然A，C都有像之意，但similar为形容词，like为 介词，故不能选，resemble v与相似。compare v与相比较。 答案：B6.attain vt.达到，获得 精讲拓展 attain ones goal达到目标 attain to perfection达到完美 attain to the age of 20到20岁的年龄 attainable adj.可以达到的，可以获得的 attainment 达到，获得 词语辨析 attain/acquire/obtain/gain/achieve (1)attain常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料
15、的结果，也可指达 到某一目标。 (2)acquire多用于不断的“学”，“问”等慢慢的获取“学问”，“技 术”等较抽象的东西，名词acquisition“习得”。 (3)obtain表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力，获得期望 已久的东西，一般用于正式文体中。 (4)gain含义较obtain更进一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获 得，故常译为“赢得”。 (5)achieve 多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。典型例句She attained rank of deputy director.她晋升为副局长。朗文当代I managed to acquire two tickets for the con
16、cert.我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。朗文当代Further information can be obtained from our head office.详细的资料可从我们总部得到。朗文当代I hope youll gain by the experience.(learn a useful lesson from it.)我希望你从这经历中得到教益。朗文当代He will never achieve anything/his objectives if he doesnt work harder.如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成(将永远达不到自己的目的)。朗文当代用acquire，a
17、chieve，attain，obtain，gain的适当的形式填空。Ive_only half of what Id hoped to do.She_a knowledge of English by careful study.Leo Loacoco _the position of President of the Ford Motors.No_without pains.I finally managed to_a copy of the report.答案：achievedacquiredattainedgainsobtain即学即用7ensure vt.确保，保证 精讲拓展 ensu
18、re sth.确保某事发生 ensure sb.sth.保证让某人获得某物 ensure thatclause保证 典型例句 If you want to ensure that you catch the plane，take a taxi. 你要是想确保能赶上那班飞机，就坐出租车去吧。朗文当代 This medicine will ensure you (make certain that you get) a good nights sleep. 这药保证能让你睡一夜好觉。朗文当代 I need to ensure that you will arrive on time. 我需要确保你
19、按时到达。美国传统词语辨析ensure/assure/guarantee(1)ensure指确保某种行动或动机的结果一定会发生(2)assure指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生，其宾语通常为人，常用结构为assure sb.of sth.(3)guarantee强调保证品质，服务，信誉等We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.我们能保证工作会按正确的方式进行。Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.许多店主保证让顾客满意。He assured
20、us of his ability to solve the problem.他向我们保证他有解决这个问题的能力。 即学即用Careful planning and hard work will _our final success. Aenclose Bensure Cdischarge Ddeny 解析：此题考查在具体的语境中不同动词的语意的识 别。句意为：认真的计划和勤奋的工作将确保我们最 后的成功。enclose随信附上；ensure确保，保证； discharge允许离开，开除；deny否认(指控)。 答案：B8.approval n赞成，赞许，批准，许可。反义词(disapprov
21、al) 精讲拓展 meet with sb.s approval得到某人的赞许，得到某人的认可 give/grant approval批准 on approval(商品)包退，不满意可退换 approve of sth.赞同某事 approve of sb.doing sth.赞同某人做某事 典型例句 The audience showed their approval by cheering loudly. 观众高声喝彩表示赞许。朗文当代 The new proposals have won the approval of the board. 新建议得到董事会的认可。朗文当代 We can
22、t start building without the councils approval. 未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。朗文当代 We bought our new furniture on approval. 我们买的是可以包退包换的新家具。美国传统即学即用I dont really_of children wearing makeup. Aagree Bsatisfy Capprove Dexpect 解析：考查词义的辨析。句意为：我不太赞同儿童化妆。 agree同意，但不与of连用；satisfy满意，与with搭配； expect期望，常构成expect sb.to do，故C
23、符合题意。 答案：CMost of his girlfriends failed to meet with his fathers_. Aapproval Battention Cexcitement Dpatience 解析：考查名词辨析。句意为：他的大部分女友都没有得 到他父亲的认可。meet with sb.s approval得到某人的赞 许，得到某人的认可。 答案：A9applicant n申请人 精讲拓展 apply for 申请 apply to sb.for sth.为某事向某人申请 apply to.对适用 apply oneself to.专心致力于 application
24、 form申请表 警示误区：在使用过程中我们常用apply for 表示“申请”，若向某 人申请则用apply to sb.做题时一定要审慎以免失误。 典型例句 We had 250 applicants for the job. 我们有250人申请这份工作。朗文当代 Weve applied to the council for a home improvement grant. 我们已向市政府申请改善住房的拨款。朗文当代 Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程。
25、朗文当代 The students applied themselves to their homework. 学生们专心做家庭作业。美国传统即学即用If you_yourself to the work in hand，youll soon finish it. Aappeal Brequest Capply Dclaim 解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：如果你致力于手头的工作， 你就会很快将它完成。appeal呼吁，要求；request要求，请 求；claim声称，要求；apply申请，运用；但apply oneself to.表示专心致力于 答案：CAfter 15 years in the
26、 USA，he has finally decided to_American citizenship. Aconcentrate on Bapply for Clook out for Dappeal to 解析：考查动词短语的辨析。句意为：在美国住了15年后， 他最终决定申请加入美国国籍。concentrate on 集中精力 于；apply for申请；look out for注意看，挑选出； appeal to呼吁，故B项符合题意。 答案：B10.adjust vt.&vi.调整，调节；使适合，使适应 精讲拓展 adjust to sth.适应某物 adjust oneself to
27、sth.使自己适应于某事 adjust sth.for sth.(change sth.to show the effect of something else)因另一事物的影响而调整某事物 make adjustments作些调整 典型例句 You can adjust the colour on the TV by turning this knob. 你可以转动这个旋钮来调整电视的色彩。朗文当代 He adjusted(himself) very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快就(使自己)适应了这个国家的炎热气候。朗文当代 We made
28、a few minor adjustments to the plan. 我们对计划做了些小的调整。朗文当代 The lifestyle is so differentit takes a while to adjust. 生活方式差别太大了，得过一段时间才能适应。剑桥高阶 即学即用You must_the focus of the camera before taking a picture. Aadapt Baddict Cadjust Daddress 解析：句意为：照相前你必须调整照相机的焦距。 adapt适应；addict n对有瘾的人；adjust调整， 调节；address写地址
29、，向讲话。 答案：C1stand out 引人注目，显眼，突出，杰出，出色 精讲拓展 stand out against在衬托下很显眼，(公开)反对，抵抗 stand out as 作为而出色 stand out in ones mind 清晰记得 stand out for 坚决要求 stand by袖手旁观，支持，忠于，信守，遵守(承诺，协议) stand up起立，站立 stand back往后退，远离 stand for是的缩写，代表，象征典型例句The new road sign is easy to read，the words stand out well.新路标容易辨认，上面的
30、字很醒目。朗文当代Among mystery writers，Agatha Christie stands out as a real master.在侦探小说作者中，阿加莎克里斯蒂最为杰出，是一位真正的大师。朗文当代Im standing out against his idea.我坚决反对他的主意。朗文当代We had lots of good applicants for the job，but one stood out from the rest.我们这个职位有很多不错的申请者，但有一个人相当出众。剑桥高阶即学即用In this list，two names_particularly
31、. Astand up Bstand by Cstand for Dstand out 解析：stand up站起身；stand by袖手旁观；stand for 代表，for是介词，后需要接宾语；stand out醒目，显 眼。句意为：在这份名单中，有两个名字特别显眼。 答案：D2.be associated with.与相关联 精讲拓展 associate with sb.与某人交往或打交道 associate sb./sth.with 把某人/某物与联系起来 associate degree准学士学位 associate professor副教授 in association with
32、和一起，与合作 典型例句 The scientist decided he didnt want to be associated with the project，and left. 这个科学家决定不愿与这个计划有任何瓜葛，因而离开了。 朗文当代 I associate summer with holidays. 我总把夏季与休假联系在一起。朗文当代 The council is working in association with the police on this. 对于这件事，地方议会正同警方进行协作。朗文当代 We associate the desert with dry we
33、ather. 我们把沙漠与干旱的气候联系起来。美国传统即学即用Many graduates are working on occupation_farming now. Aclose associate with Bclose associated with Cclosely associated with Dclosely associate with 解析：考查associate的非谓语动词形式及close和closely的 用法区别。句意为：目前很多大学毕业生正在从事与农 耕紧密相关的职业。首先可以从are working.可以推断 出空格为非谓语动词形式，故排除A，D两项。又close
34、 作 副词用，意为“靠近地(指场所上靠近)”，closely表示“紧 密地、密切地”。 答案：C3be involved in 牵涉在内的，卷入的 精讲拓展 be/get/become involved in sth.与某事有关联，参与某事，热 衷于某事，专心于某事 be involved with sb./sth.与某人/某事有牵连/有关 involve doing需要做 involve sb.in sth.把某人牵涉到某事中，把某人卷入到某事中 involvement n参与，卷入，牵连 警示误区：involve 意为“包括，涉及，引起”，后面只能 接动名词，不能接不定式。 典型例句 If
35、 I were you，I wouldnt get involved in their problems. 如果我是你，我是不会卷入他们的问题的。朗文当代 I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning. 我更喜欢能让学生主动参与学习的教学法。剑桥高阶 The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart. 这项手术需要在你的心脏里放一根小管子。剑桥高阶完成句子Dont_me_(卷入)_(解决)your problems. He was_
36、_(参与)a heated argument. Dont_ others _(牵连)your mistakes. I_ _ _(被卷入)the quarrel between Tom and Jack.答案：involve；in；solving involved in involve；in got/was/became involved in即学即用4catch on 受欢迎，变得流行；理解，明白，学会 精讲拓展 catch on to sth./whatclause理解，了解，懂 catch ones eye突然吸引某人的注意 catch you later回头见，一会儿见 catch at
37、 sth.试图抓住某事物 catch sb./sth.up(catch up with sb./sth.)赶上某人或车辆 catch sb.by the wrist/the sleeve抓住某人的手腕/衣袖 catch sb.in the act of doing sth.当场抓住某人在做某事 catch sight of sb./sth.看见某人(物)典型例句I wonder if the game will ever catch on with young people.我想知道这个游戏会不会在年轻人当中流行开来。剑桥高阶It was a long time before the poli
38、ce caught on to what he was really doing.过了好长时间警方才搞清楚他其实在干什么。朗文当代I suddenly caught sight of her in the crowd.我突然在人群中看见了她。朗文当代You walk on and Ill catch up with you later/Ill catch you up later.你往前走吧，我过一会儿就追上你。朗文当代It took me a long time to_to the direction. Acatch on Bcatch in Ccatch up Dcatch with 解析
39、：句意为：我花了很长时间才搞清楚方向。catch on to the direction(理解，明白)搞清楚方向，be caught in sth.遭 遇，catch sb.up赶上，catch up with sb./sth.赶上。 答案：A The new method caught_and many peasants became very skillful at it. Aon Bup Cat Din 解析：catch on受欢迎，变得流行。句意为：新的方法受欢 迎，许多农民都精于此。 答案：AMy sister is very good at English，for she is v
40、ery quick to_to new words and expressions. Areach out Bstand for Chold up Dcatch on 解析：句意为：我妹妹英语学的好，因为她对新单词和短 语理解的快。reach out(his hand)伸出(他的手)；stand for 代表；hold up使延误，阻碍；catch on to sth.理解， 明白。 答案：D1.you say that there is a discount provided_that I pay in advance.你说如果我提前付款，可以打折。 精讲拓展 (1)provided(tha
41、t)引导一个条件状语从句，意思为“如果， 只要” (2)providing that 也表示“只要，倘若” (3)类似表达：as/so long as；only if；on condition that.； suppose/supposing(that)(常用于问句) 典型例句 Provided( that) there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting here. 如果没人反对，我们就在这里开会。朗文当代 I will go，provided/providing(that) you go too. 只要你去，我就去。朗文当代_you pay
42、 me back by Friday，Ill lend you the money. AUnless BBecause CProvided DWhether 解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：只要你星期五前能把钱还 给我，我就借给你。unless除非；because由于；provided 只要；whether是否。故C符合题意。 答案：C2But sadly，the chances that we will have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country is small.但不幸的是，我 们生活在讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。 精讲
43、拓展 本句中的that 引导一个同位语从句。同位语从句常用来解释 说明某一名词的内容和实质。常接同位语从句的名词有 idea，suggestion，hope，wish，word，promise， message，news，explanation等。除了that常用来引导同位 语从句外，其他的连接代词和连接副词也可用来连接同位语 从句。 典型例句 The manager turned down his suggestion that more safety measures should be taken to protect the workers. 经理拒绝了他提出的采取更多安全措施保护工人
44、的建议。 There is a faint chance that you will find him at home. 你在他家找到他的可能性很小。即学即用There is much chance_Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.Athat Bwhich Cuntil Dif解析：that 引导同位语从句解释说明chance的内容。答案：AA warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for m
45、y mothers birthday.Aif Bwhen Cthat Dwhich 解析：that 引导同位语从句解释说明thought的内容。答案：C3What_this_means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给 学生足够的英语输入量。 精讲拓展 “what this means”在句中作主语，what引导主语从句，并在 从句中作means 的宾语
46、；that 在本句中引导表语从句，且不 在句中充当任何成分。conveyed to the students through various mediums是过去分词短语作input的后置定语，相当 于定语从句：which is conveyed to the students through various mediums.典型例句In the end，she obtained what she had longed for for years，but she didnt live happily.最终她获得了渴望多年的东西，但过得并不快乐。My idea is that we should
47、 hold another meeting to discuss the matter.我的想法是我们应再举行会议来商讨这件事。People in Chongqing are proud of_they have achieved in the past ten years.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dhow解析：what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。答案：CSome children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from_their parents speak at home.Awh
48、at Bthat Cwhich Done 解析：what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语。答案：AThe traditional view is_we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to do so.Awhen Bwhy Cwhether Dthat 解析：that 引导表语从句且在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有一定的含义。答案：D1On the one hand I valued his friendship，but_I disliked his pride and selfishness. Aalso Bon others Cin some o
49、ther way Don the other hand 解析：考查词语辨析。句意为：一方面我很重视跟他的友 谊，但另一方面，我却不喜欢他的自负与自私。句中有一个 很明显的关键词，即on the one hand这样构成on the one hand.，on the other hand.一方面另一方面。 答案：D2Her_of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. Apresence Babsence Cappearance Dsense 解析：考查名词词义辨析。presence在场出席；absence缺乏； sense感觉，意识。句意为
50、：在开车过程中，她精神不集中差 点造成交通事故。absence of mind精神不集中，心不在焉。 答案：B3He expressed his approval_the suggestion that the school be established immediately. Aon Bwith Cto Dof 解析：考查介词辨析。句意为：他表达了他赞成立刻建设学 校的建议。approval赞成，同意，其后常跟of搭配。 答案：D4. When we went into the cold room，we saw_wood piled up in the corner. Aa plenty
51、of Ba number of Ca huge amount of Da good many of 解析：考查数量词的正确使用。句意为：当我们走进那间冰 冷的房间时，看到墙角处堆着一大堆木头。由于木头是不可 数名词，故用a huge amount of 来修饰。A项中去掉a也可 以，a number of 和a good many of 都用来修饰可数名词。 答案：C5Teachers are increasingly conscious_the importance of the Internet. Awith Bof Cto Dby 解析：考查介词与conscious的搭配。句意为：老师们
52、越来越 意识到因特网的重要性。be conscious of 意为“意识到，注 意到”。 答案：B6He played the piano，and he_from all the other musicians. Aworked out Bturned out Cgave out Dstood out 解析：句意为：他弹奏钢琴，并且和其他音乐家比起来显得 突出。work out解决(问题)，锻炼，按某种方式发展；turn out 结果是，最后证明是；give out分发，耗尽；stand out 突出。 答案：D7When you are in a foreign country，you ma
53、y find it difficult to_yourself to the climate there. Asuit Bget used to Cadjust Dfit 解析：句意为：当你身处国外时，你会发现难以适应那里的 气候。suit(颜色，款式，风格，时间等)适合；get used to 变得习惯于；adjust oneself to sth.调整自己以适应； fit(大小，尺寸)适合。故C符合题意。 答案：C8_you finish your homework first，you can go out to play. AIn that BAs if CEven if DProvid
54、ed that 解析：句意为：只要你先完成作业，你就可以出去玩。in that是“既然，由于”的意思；as if好象；even if即使； provided that只要，如果。 答案：D9Will future oil supplies be adequate_world needs? Ato meet Bmeeting Cfor meeting Dat meeting 解析：句意为：未来的石油供应足够世界的需要吗？be adequate to do足够做。 答案：A10Ellen asked Mr.Roge for_，but her proposals were turned down.
55、Aapproval Bappetite Cappearance Dargument 解析：考查名词辨析，approval批准；appetite食欲； appearance外表；argument争辩，争论。句意为：艾伦请 求罗杰先生批准她的提议，不过被驳回了。 答案：A名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that(无任何词义)whet
56、her，if(均表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ，as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which，whichever，whomever连接副词：when，where，how，why一、 主语从句1作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which， whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where， why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代 词和
57、连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作 用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣
58、布。Whoever leaves the room last is supposed to turn off the lights.(whoeveranyone who)Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever anyone of you )Whatever he did was right.(whatever the thing that)2当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面 这个句型例外： What we need is more time. What we need are more books.
59、3有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句 作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句 后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： (1) It is 名词that从句 It is a fact that.事实是 It is an honor that.非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that.是常识 It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是 (2) It is 形容词that从句 It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词that从句 It seems
60、that.似乎It happens that.碰巧It appears that.似乎It occurred to me that.我突然发现(4) It is过去分词that从句 It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实It is believed that.人们相信It is known to all that.众所周知It has been decided that.已决定 4主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首，但whether 可以。例如： Whether there is life o
61、n the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 (2) It is said(reported)that.结构中的主语从句不可提 前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong) (3) It happens that.，It occurs to sb.that.结构中的主 语从句不可提前。例
62、如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong) (4) It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提 前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提
63、前。例 如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 5what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾 语、表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right. That she suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.(that 不可省)6.另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相
64、信、惋惜、理应 如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) do”， 常用的句型有： It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.) that. It is a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc.) that. It is suggested (requested，proposed，desired，etc.) that. Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 7.注意区分it作形式主语和it引导强调句： it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平
65、衡句子结构，主语 从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部 分进行强调，强调句句型It is/was被强调部分that，去掉 It is/was，that，句子仍然成立。无论强调的是什么成分，都 可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.(主语从句)It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.(主语从句)It is natural that they should have different views.(
66、主语从句)It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句)It is John that /who broke the window.(强调句)It is only lately that he has had a family himself.(强调句)What was it that he wanted？I dont know what it was that he wanted.(强调句)It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious proble
67、m.(强调句)8注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句的不 同。例如： It is known to all that the earth is round.(主语从句) As is known to all，the earth is round.(含定语从句)二、宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与 引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中 可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成 分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并 列句时，第二个分句前的t
68、hat不可省。例如： He has told me( that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 He said his parents had died and that he had to make a living alone. 他说他的父母死了，他不得不独自谋生。2当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语谓语it 宾补 thatclause”，从句，that不可省。例如： I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.3当that 从句作介词的宾语从句时，介词通常是exc
69、ept， but，in，此时that 不可省。其他一些介词则需用it 作形式 宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。例如： He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。 You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我来帮你。 The only reason lies in that she works much harder than anyone else in her class. 唯一的理由是她比班上其他人刻苦。4在demand，order，suggest
70、，decide，insist，desire， request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的 动词后，宾语从句常用“(should) 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。5用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why， how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句
71、相 当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。6注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句 根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know he studies English every day.(从句用一般现在时)
72、I know he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时) I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时) I know he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态(could，would除外)，从句则要用 相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来 时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象， 则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for
73、 America.7.think，believe，imagine，suppose，expect，fancy， imagine等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句 中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句 中。例如： We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。 注意：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转 移。例如： I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。8注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。例如： I dont know if he
74、 will come.(宾语从句) If he comes，Ill let you know.(条件状语从句)三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词 与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动 词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 系动词 that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want.这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt c
75、ome to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.四、同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引 导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact， hope，idea，info
76、rmation，message，news，order，problem， promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。一 些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词之后跟的同位语从句中，谓语动 词用虚拟语气“should动词原形表示，should 可省略。”例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回家来。 The thought came to him
77、that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 Word came that Obama would come to our school. 有消息说奥巴马要来我们学校。 There is no doubt that he will come.毫无疑问他会来。 There is doubt whether he will come.他是否来还不一定。 This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 我们唯一的请求就是这件事应尽快得到解决。 注意：
78、同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句： I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略) 1The little girl who got lost decided to rem
79、ain_she was and wait for her mother.(2009山东) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwho 解析：remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知， 从句缺地点状语，所以选A。 答案：A2She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.(2009湖南) Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever 解析：名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说非 常宝贵，我们已经准备好一切来拯救她的生命。 答案：C3. _that
80、they found an unusual plant in the forest. AIt is said BThey are said CIt said DIt says 解析：句型It is said that主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that.etc. 答案：A4_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. AWhat BThat CHow DWhere 解析：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中既充 当主语成分又起引导作用的就只有what了。 答案：A5_is no possibility_Bob wi
81、ll win the first prize in the match. AThere；that BIt；that CThere；whether DIt；whether 解析：固定句型There is no possibility that. 答案：A6Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster_he had done the day before. Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhere 解析：what 引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作宾语。 答案：C7The old man smiled when he saw how pre
82、tty_up to be during the past few years. Ahad his daughter grown Bwould his daughter grow Chis daughter would grow Dhis daughter had grown 解析：感叹句作宾语从句，how加形容词或副词再加陈述句。 答案：D8_surprised me most was_such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well. AThat；what BWhat；that CThat；that DWhat；what 解析
83、：what引导主语从句且在从句中作主语；that引导表语 从句，但在从句中不作任何成分。 答案：B9These wild flowers are so special that I would do_I can to save them. Awhatever Bwhich Cthat Dwhichever 解析：whatever引导宾语从句。 答案：A10_helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. AWho BAnyone CWhoever DThe person 解析：whoever引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，相当 于anyon
84、e who。 答案：C11Eat_you like and leave the others for_comes in late. Aany；who Bevery；whoever Cwhichever；whoever Deither；whoever 解析：whichever引导宾语从句，whoever引导宾语从句且 在从句中作主语，相当于 the person who。 答案：C12_she couldnt understand was_fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. Awhat；why Bthat；why Cw
85、hat；because Dwhy；that 解析：what 引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语；why引导表 语从句。意思是：她不能明白的是为什么越来越少的学生 对她的课感兴趣。 答案：A13It was_he said_disappointed me. Awhat；that Bthat；that Cwhat；what Dthat；what 解析：首先，it was.that.是强调句型，然后，what he said 是被强调部分，这里强调的是主语。句意为：是他所说的话 使我很失望。 答案：A14It was ordered that all the soldiers_to the front.
86、Ashould send Bmust be sent Cshould be sent Dmust go 解析：在英语中，有表示建议，命令等词的后面接从句时， 要用虚拟语气，即should 加动词原形。本题中士兵们是被 送往前线，所以用should be sent。 答案：C15.The true value of life is not in_，but_. Awhich we get；what give we Bwhat we get；what we give Cwhich do we get；what do we give Dhow we get；that we give 解析：what 分
87、别引导两个宾语从句，翻译作“什么”。即：生 命的价值不是我们得到了什么而是我们付出了什么。 答案：B16.We are all for your proposal that the discussion_. Abe put off Bwas put off Cshould put off Dis to be put off 解析：在英语中，有表示建议，命令等词的后面接从句时，要 用虚拟语气，即should 加动词原形。本题中proposal是建议的 意思。句意为：我们都支持你的建议，即这个讨论应该被推迟. 答案：A17Go and get your coat.Its_you left it.
88、Awhere Bthere Chere where Dwhere there 解析：where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 答案：A18Sarah hopes to become a friend of_shares her interests. Aanyone Bwhomever Cwhoever Dno matter who 解析：whoever引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语。 答案：C19You cant imagine_when they received these nice Christmas presents. Ahow they were excited Bhow exc
89、ited they were Chow excited were they Dthey were how excited 解析：how 引导感叹句作宾语从句。how加形容词或副 词再加陈述句。 答案：B20_the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London is known already. AWhenever BIf CWhether DThat 解析：that 引导主语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分。 答案：D1_man must fear when travelling in space is radiation from the sun. AWh
90、ich BHow CWhat DThat 解析：what 引导主语从句且在从句中作fear 的宾语。 答案：C2Mother made a promise_I pass the College Entrance Examinations，she would buy me a mobile phone. Athat Bif that Cthat if Dthat whether 解析：promise 后是同位语从句，用that 引导，if 引导条 件状语从句。 答案：C3Seeing the flags on top of the building? That was_we did this m
91、orning. Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat 解析：what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作动词did 的 宾语。 答案：D4They received orders_the work be done at once. Awhich Bwhen C/ Dthat 解析：同位语从句内容俱全，只需加上引导词that 即 可，that 不可省。 答案：D5Many experts hold the view_teachers development is_the key to better education lies. Awhich；where Bwhich；in which C
92、that；where Dthat；in which 解析：此题考查同位语从句和表语从句。句意： 许多专 家认为教师的发展是更好的教育之关键所在。 答案：C例1 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit_on his own farm. Agrown Bbeing grown Cto be grown Dto grow 解题方法指导： 句意：早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果 榨出来的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit grow为被动关系，故排除D选项；being grown正被种植； to be grown将要被种植，均不合
93、题意，所以选A。 答案：A教材原文对照What this means is the make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums (P6)例2 We should consider the students request_the school library provide more books on popular science. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere 解题方法指导: 考查名词性从句。根据题意
94、可知，空格 处是同位语从句的引导词，修饰中心名词request，且在 句子中不充当成分，故用that。这句话的意思是：我们应 该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些 大众科学方面的书籍。 答案：A教材原文对照But sadly , the chance that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English speaking country are small . (P6)例3 The companies are working together to create_ they hope will be the best
95、 means of transport in the 21st century. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwho 解题方法指导: 考查宾语从句。从题干看，连词引导宾 语从句作create的宾语，并在从句中作主语表示“东 西”，因此用what。which引导名词性从句表示选择， that引导名词性从句时在从句中不作任何成分，who指人. 答案：C教材原文对照Therefore , most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum (P6)高考资源网高考资源网精品资料，欢迎下载！高考资源网高考资源网
