1、【高中语法】特殊句型(一)CONTENTS独立主格01倒装Inversion倒装Invertion倒装(invertion)指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。(1)全部倒装:将 全部谓语 置于主语之前。a.here/there/how/then等adv.+谓语+主语Herecomes the bus!Theregoesthe bell.b.表声音、处所等意义的adv.+go/come/rush/fly等vi.+主语Awayflew the birds.Outwentthe children.【注意】主语为pron.时,不用倒装。倒装Invertion倒装(invertion)指 全部
2、或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。(1)全部倒装:将 全部谓语 置于主语之前。c.表地点的prep.及短语+谓语+主语 Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatall pine.d.直接引语+said+主语“AreyoulisteningtoEnglishontheradio?”said Mother.e.简短回答:So/Neither/Nor+谓语+主语-I am hungry.-Soam I.真题解析tobe foundIntheforeignlanguagesbookstorebooksinvarious languages.A.isB.is beenC.areD.
3、are been【解析】句意:在外语书店里可以找到各种语言的书。当表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用全倒装。In theforeignlanguages bookstore为表示地点的介词短语,放在了句首,故需将句子的主谓倒装。真题解析tobe foundIntheforeignlanguagesbookstorebooksinvarious languages.A.isB.is beenC.areD.are been【解析】句意:在外语书店里可以找到各种语言的书。当表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,句子要用全倒装。In theforeignlanguages bookstore为表示地点的介
4、词短语,放在了句首,故需将句子的主谓倒装。C真题解析whohadarrestedhimthreetimesfor smuggling.A.BeforeJohnstoodthe policemanB.Beforethepolicemanstood JohnC.BeforethepolicemanJohnstoodD.BeforeJohnthepolicemanstood【解析】当句首为表示地点的介词词组时,句子要全部倒装。由语境可知,由关系代词who引导的定语从句,其先行词为policeman。定语从句中的先行词一般出现在关系代词前,故选A。真题解析A whohadarrestedhimthre
5、etimesfor smuggling.A.BeforeJohnstoodthe policemanB.Beforethepolicemanstood JohnC.BeforethepolicemanJohnstoodD.BeforeJohnthepolicemanstood【解析】当句首为表示地点的介词词组时,句子要全部倒装。由语境可知,由关系代词who引导的定语从句,其先行词为policeman。定语从句中的先行词一般出现在关系代词前,故选A。倒装Invertion倒装(invertion)指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。(2)部分倒装:将 部分谓语(助动词、情态动词)置于主语
6、之前。a.only修饰的状语+部分倒装OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.Onlyinthiswaycanwe improve.模拟题解析A.wecan haveC.wehaveB.canwe haveD.have we【解析】句意为“只有一起努力,我们才能有一个更好的居住环境”。“Only+状语”放在句首时,主句用部分倒装,故选B。Onlywith joint effortsabetterliving environment.模拟题解析A.wecan haveC.wehaveB.canwe haveD.have we【解析】句意为“只有一起努力
7、,我们才能有一个更好的居住环境”。“Only+状语”放在句首时,主句用部分倒装,故选B。Onlywith joint effortsBabetterliving environment.倒装Invertion倒装(invertion)指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。(2)部分倒装:将 部分谓语(助动词、情态动词)置于主语之前。b.never/not until/by no means等否定开头的短语+部分倒装Notuntilmidnightdiditstop raining.Bynomeanswillthismethodproducesatisfactory results.c.表
8、祝愿的句子Mayyouhaveapleasant trip!真题解析Nota single wordwhenhewasforcedtoleave homeandjoinedthearmyin 1937.A.didMark leaveC.didleave MarkB.left MarkD.Mark left【解析】Not是否定词,置于句首后句子需要采用部分倒装的形式,故选A。真题解析Nota single wordwhenhewasforcedtoleave homeandjoinedthearmyin 1937.A.didMark leaveC.didleave MarkB.left Mark
9、D.Mark left【解析】Not是否定词,置于句首后句子需要采用部分倒装的形式,故选A。A倒装Invertion倒装(invertion)指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。(2)部分倒装:将 部分谓语(助动词、情态动词)置于主语之前。c.So/Such.+部分倒装+that.Soeasyisitthataboycanlearn it.Sorapidlydidhespeakthatwecouldhardlyunderstandhim clearly.真题解析advanceseemstobefollowingadvanceonalmostamonthlybasis.A.Sorapid
10、istherateofprogress thatB.Rapidastherateofprogressis thatC.Sorapidistherateofprogress asD.Rapidastherateofprogress as【解析】so/such.that.结构中部分倒装。句意为“进展速度如此之快,看起来几乎每个月都有进展。真题解析Aadvanceseemstobefollowingadvanceonalmostamonthlybasis.A.Sorapidistherateofprogress thatB.Rapidastherateofprogressis thatC.Sorap
11、idistherateofprogress asD.Rapidastherateofprogress as【解析】so/such.that.结构中部分倒装。句意为“进展速度如此之快,看起来几乎每个月都有进展。倒装(invertion)指 全部或部分谓语 放在 主语之前 的现象。前置(fronting)指宾语、表语、状语等句子成分前移到主语之前。表语或状语+as/though+主语+谓语,+主句Tiredas/thoughhewas,hewentonworking.Childas/thoughsheis,sheknowsagreat deal.倒装 Invertionvs.前置 Fronting
12、真题解析A.he failedC.hedid failB.didhe failD.hadhe fail【解析】as/though引导的让步从句,though引导的可以倒装也可不倒装,as引导的必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)。Againasinthisexperiment,hedidntlose heart.真题解析A.he failedC.hedid failB.didhe failD.hadhe fail【解析】as/though引导的让步从句,though引导的可以倒装也可不倒装,as引导的必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)。AgainasA
13、inthisexperiment,hedidntlose heart.02省略句Ellipsis省略Ellipsis省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语言精炼的语法手段。(1)简单句中请判断下列句子省略了什么成分?Thankyouforyour help.Anybodyneed help?Thisway,please.Understand?省略主语省略部分谓语(助动词)省略主语和谓语省略主语和部分谓语Youare a college student,arent you?省略表语省略EllipsisAgroupofyoungboysandgirlsaredancingonthem
14、eadowbelowthe hill.Theyshookhandsandbegantotalkat once.省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语言精炼的语法手段。(2)并列句中判断下列句子省略了什么成分SomeofusstudyFrench,others German.省略谓语省略定语省略主语Lets do the dishes.Ill wash and you dry.省略宾语真题解析A.Maryplaythe violinC.Marycan playB.Marycanthe violinD.Marythe violin【解析】在并列分句中,相同的谓语部分一般都可以省略。句
15、意为“约翰会弹吉他,玛丽会拉小提琴”。Johncan play the guitar,and.真题解析A.Maryplaythe violinC.Marycan playB.Marycanthe violinD.Marythe violin【解析】在并列分句中,相同的谓语部分一般都可以省略。句意为“约翰会弹吉他,玛丽会拉小提琴”。Johncan play the guitar,andD.省略Ellipsis省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语言精炼的语法手段。(2)从句中a.名词性从句补充下列句子省略的成分Hecametoseemeonce,butIdont rememberw
16、hen.(hecametosee me).Somebodyhastakenawaymydictionarybymistake,butIdontknowwho.(hastakenawaymy dictionary).Youwerelateagain,andIhopeyouwill explainwhy.(youwerelate).省略EllipsisLookoutforcarswhencrossingthe street.Lucyhurriedlylefttheroomasif angry.判断下列从句省略了什么成分并补充完整(you are)省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语
17、言精炼的语法手段。(2)从句中b.状语从句(they are)Thoughreducedinnumbers,theyarestill strong.(shewas)省略主谓省略主谓省略主谓(itis)Ifnecessary I will have the paper copied.省略主谓省略EllipsisTheyhavegotmorethanis necessary.Itwasnotsohotyesterdayas today.判断下列从句省略了什么成分并补充完整(what)省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语言精炼的语法手段。(2)从句中b.状语从句(has lived)
18、Hehaslivedherelongerthan I.(it is)省略主语省略谓语省略主谓真题解析A.crossingC.crossedB.crossD.to cross【解析】当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,即题中从句中的crossing为he was crossing的省略。Tomsschoolwasontheothersideoftheroad,sohewastoldtowatchoutfor cars whenthe street.真题解析A.crossingC.crossedB.crossD.to cross【解析】当状
19、语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,即题中从句中的crossing为he was crossing的省略。Tomsschoolwasontheothersideoftheroad,sohewastoldtowatchoutfor cars whenAthe street.真题解析A.norwillanyone elseC.norwontanyone elseB.noranyoneelse willD.noranyoneelse wont【解析】句意为:我永远不会知道他当时脑子里想的是什么,别人也不会知道。Iwillnever knowall
20、 that was in his headat the time,_.真题解析A.norwillanyone elseC.norwontanyone elseB.noranyoneelse willD.noranyoneelse wont【解析】句意为:我永远不会知道他当时脑子里想的是什么,别人也不会知道。Iwillnever knowall that was in his headat the time,_A.省略Ellipsis省略(ellipsis)指将句子中某些成分省去,使语言精炼的语法手段。(3)俗语、谚语中Morehaste,lessspeed.Betterlatethan nev
21、er.Nopains,no gains.03强调Emphatic Structures强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(1)词汇手段a.主语+do+谓语(+其他)Ineverdidlike her.Idothink so.Hedidfinishthetaskintimeas expected.强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(1)词汇手段b.the very+名词Chi
22、ldrenshouldformthegoodhabitsfromtheverybeginning.Atthatverymoment,heopenedthe door.Theveryideaofgoingsailingmakesmefeel seasick.强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(1)词汇手段c.名词或名词性成分+itselfDoingitselfis learning.Thelanditselfisworththemoney,withoutthe house.Wewont
23、buynewtyreswhenthecaritselfisso old.强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(1)词汇手段d.“否定词+比较级”表最高级Icouldntagreewithyoumore.Nothingismoredifficultthanthat.Thereisnouglierfacelike that!A.did bringC.did getB.does bringD.does get【解析】句意为“他没有时间陪他的孩子玩,也没有时间陪妻子购物,但是他会定期给家里钱”
24、。根据but可知前后时态应该一致,故排除B和D。助动词did用来表示强调,有“确实,的确;一定”之意。Hehadnotimeandenergytoplaywithhischildrenorshopwithhiswife,but hehomearegular salary.真题解析A.did bringC.did getB.does bringD.does get【解析】句意为“他没有时间陪他的孩子玩,也没有时间陪妻子购物,但是他会定期给家里钱”。根据but可知前后时态应该一致,故排除B和D。助动词did用来表示强调,有“确实,的确;一定”之意。Hehadnotimeandenergytopla
25、ywithhischildrenorshopwithhiswife,but he Ahomearegular salary.真题解析强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(2)强调句型 It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who 真题解析hermotherstartedtogotothemeditation class.A.Itwasataboutthistime thatB.Thatwasaboutthis timeC.Itwasataboutthistime whenD.It
26、wasaboutthistime that【解析】句意为“大概是在这个时间,她母亲开始上禅修课了”。Itis/was that是强调句的标志,大约在这个时间用介词at。真题解析Ahermotherstartedtogotothemeditation class.A.Itwasataboutthistime thatB.Thatwasaboutthis timeC.Itwasataboutthistime whenD.Itwasaboutthistime that【解析】句意为“大概是在这个时间,她母亲开始上禅修课了”。Itis/was that是强调句的标志,大约在这个时间用介词at。A.Th
27、atwasfromher mumC.Itwasfromhermum thatB.Itwashermum thatD.Itwashermum whom【解析】强调句去掉 Itwas that后,句子结构仍完整,句意仍明确。本题中只有C选项符合此条件,去掉后为“Fromher mumshe heard her grandfather was born in Germany.”。sheheardhergrandfatherwasbornin Germany.真题解析A.Thatwasfromher mumC.Itwasfromhermum thatB.Itwashermum thatD.Itwash
28、ermum whom【解析】强调句去掉 Itwas that后,句子结构仍完整,句意仍明确。本题中只有C选项符合此条件,去掉后为“Fromher mumshe heard her grandfather was born in Germany.”。Csheheardhergrandfatherwasbornin Germany.真题解析强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(2)强调句型改正下列强调句中的语法错误ItisMartinandhisbookswhoare well-known
29、.Itisthestudentswhoislovely.ItwasIthathehelpedyesterday.强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(2)强调句型改正下列强调句中的语法错误强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(2)强调句型 vs.主语从句【注意】去掉 It is/was that 结构后,句子仍意思完整通顺,则为强调句。判断下列句子哪个是强调句Itiscerta
30、inthathewill come.Itishethatwillcertainly come.真题解析the modern【2012下 高中】Itwasbetween1830and1835newspaperwas born.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.while【解析】本题是一个强调句型“It wasthat”结构,句意为“现代报纸是在1830年到1835年之间诞生的。”B真题解析Itwaswithgreat joyheknewthathisGMATscoreas670,highenoughtoapplytoatopuniversityof business.A.whenB.wi
31、thC.whatD.that【解析】本题是一个强调句型“Itwasthat”结构,句意为“他得知他的GMAT分数为670分时非常高兴”,故选D。真题解析Itwaswithgreat joy DheknewthathisGMATscoreas670,highenoughtoapplytoatopuniversityof business.A.whenB.withC.whatD.that【解析】本题是一个强调句型“Itwasthat”结构,句意为“他得知他的GMAT分数为670分时非常高兴”,故选D。模拟题解析Itwasthetrainingthathehadasa young manmade h
32、imsuchagood orator.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who【解析】该空用that构成强调句型的基本框架:It was+被强调部分+that+其他部分,强调的是the training(that he hadasa youngman)。整句意为“正是他年轻的时候所接受的训练使他成为一名如此优秀的演说家”。模拟题解析Itwasthetrainingthathehadasa young manmade himsuchagood orator.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who【解析】该空用that构成强调句型的基本框架:It was+被强调部分+that+其
33、他部分,强调的是the training(that he hadasa youngman)。整句意为“正是他年轻的时候所接受的训练使他成为一名如此优秀的演说家”。强调Emphatic Structures强调(Emphatic Structures):在书面语言中,可以利用多种方式或手段突出句中的某个部分。(2)强调句型 It was not until+时间状语+that 直到才强调句:It was not until yesterday that I learned it.陈述句:I didnt learn it until yesterday.强调句:It was not until t
34、he operation was over that he andtheotherdoctors left.陈述句:he and the other doctors didnt leave until theoperationwas over.真题解析thesnowcappedpeakinthe remoteItwasnotuntildawnareain Tibet.A.thattheysightedC.thattheydidnot sightB.didthesightD.hadthey sighted【解析】句意为“在西藏,直到黎明他们才看到远处被雪覆盖的白皑皑的山峰”。该强调句型为:Iti
35、s/was notunit+被强调部分+其他部分,此句型中It is/was not已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句式,且需用陈述句语序。真题解析thesnowcappedpeakinthe remoteItwasnotuntildawnareain Tibet.A.thattheysightedC.thattheydidnot sightB.didthesightD.hadthey sighted【解析】句意为“在西藏,直到黎明他们才看到远处被雪覆盖的白皑皑的山峰”。该强调句型为:Itis/was notunit+被强调部分+其他部分,此句型中It is/was not已经是否定
36、句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句式,且需用陈述句语序。AApersonneedstoknowwhohe/sheisbeforebeingable toknow whatA.isit thatC.isit whichmakeshimorher happy.B.itis thatD.itiswhich【解析】句意:一个人在能够知道是什么让自己快乐之前,需要知道自己是谁。know后跟了宾语从句,从句引导词为what;宾语从句为强调句,what在从句中充当被强调部分,强调句的结构为itis/was that/who,故答案选B。真题解析Apersonneedstoknowwhohe/sheisbef
37、orebeingable toknow whatA.isit thatC.isit whichmakeshimorher happy.B.itis thatD.itiswhich【解析】句意:一个人在能够知道是什么让自己快乐之前,需要知道自己是谁。know后跟了宾语从句,从句引导词为what;宾语从句为强调句,what在从句中充当被强调部分,强调句的结构为itis/was that/who,故答案选B。B真题解析模拟题解析A.whowasitthat killedC.itwaswho killedB.whoitwasthat killedD.whowasit killed【解析】句意为“警察正
38、在搜集更多信息来调查是谁杀死了这个富人”。根据强调句结构应为itwas who that killed,再调整语序为whoit was that killed,故选B。Thepolicewereseekingmoreinformationtofind outtherich man.模拟题解析A.whowasitthat killedC.itwaswho killedB.whoitwasthat killedD.whowasit killed【解析】句意为“警察正在搜集更多信息来调查是谁杀死了这个富人”。根据强调句结构应为itwas who that killed,再调整语序为whoit was
39、 that killed,故选B。Thepolicewereseekingmoreinformationtofind outBtherich man.【高中语法】特殊句型(二)CONTENTS独立主格04虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、建议、假想等不能或不太可能实现的情况。虚拟语气主要用于 从句 中,体现为 谓语动词 形式的变化。Iwishyouwerehere now.虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语a.与现在事实相反:从句用一般过去时 di
40、d(be动词用were)nowIamnotasstrongas you.IwishIwereasstrongas you.虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语a.与现在事实相反:从句用一般过去时 did(be动词用were)Hespeaksasif he _ the manager.Ifonly I _a bird!Itstimethatwe_to bed.状语从句感叹句主语从句虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语a.与现在事实相反:从句用一般过去时 did(be动词用were)虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的
41、谓语b.与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时 had donepastIfailedthe exam.IwishIhadnotfailedthe exam.虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(see)the filmIwouldrather youyesterday.(be)onthe spot.If only I(notbe)thatsilly.Hetalkedasifhe_(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语b.与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时 had done宾语从句状语从句感叹句虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语b.与过去事实相反:从句用过去完成时 had done
42、虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语c.将来可能性低的事:从句用 would/shoulddofutureIwillbecomeapilotwhenIgrow up.IwishIwouldbecomeapilotwhenIgrow up.虚拟语气Subjunctive Moodcontrol._(lose)herjobasa model.Thesituationseemsasif_(be)out of(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语c.将来可能性低的事:从句用would/(should)doMyidea is that they_(pay)100 dollars.表语从句J
43、uliahadtogoonadietforfearthat she同位语从句状语从句虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语c.将来可能性低的事:从句用would/(should)do虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(1)虚拟语气从句的谓语表示的情况从句的谓语与现在事实相反did/were与过去事实相反haddone将来可能性低的事would/(should)doA.applyC.isto applyB.appliesD.would apply【解析】句意为“每个中国公民都应该践行社会主义核心价值观,这很重要”。It is+形容词(essential/neces
44、sary/important/vital等)+that从句中,that从句一般要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故答案选A。Itisvitalthateverycitizen in Chinathecoresocialistvaluestopractice.模拟题解析A.applyC.isto applyB.appliesD.would apply【解析】句意为“每个中国公民都应该践行社会主义核心价值观,这很重要”。It is+形容词(essential/necessary/important/vital等)+that从句中,that从句一般要用虚拟语气,谓
45、语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故答案选A。Itisvitalthateverycitizen in ChinaAthecoresocialistvaluestopractice.模拟题解析虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(2)If 条件句“IfIbecamethepresident,IwouldmakeAmericagreat again.非真实条件句虚拟语气“IfIbecomethepresident,IwillmakeAmericagreat again.”真实条件句虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(2)If条件句a.与现在事实相反:从句一般过去时
46、did/were主句 would/should/could/might doHewouldntfeelsocoldifhewere indoors.IamsorryImverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotomoviewith you.虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(2)If 条件句b.与过去事实相反:从句过去完成时 haddone主句 would/should/could/mighthavedoneIfyouhadcomeherealittleearlier,youwouldhavemetthepop star.Idontknow
47、whatwouldhavehappenedifJanehadntbeenabletospeak Japanese.虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(2)If 条件句c.将来可能性低的事:从句一般过去时 did/were/should do/were to do主句 would/should/could/might doIfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldwe do?虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(2)If 条件句表示的情况从句的谓语主句的谓语与现在事实相反
48、did/werewould/should/could/mightdo与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/mighthavedone将来可能性低的事did/wereshould dowereto dowould/should/could/mightdo【注意】当条件和结果发生的时间不一致,动词要作适当调整,变成错综时间条件句。A.hasto getC.had gotB.wereto getD.couldhave got【解析】句意为“她现在不想工作,如果她有了工作,就不能经常拜访她的朋友了”,if从句表示的是对将来事实的假设,所以应该用表示将来的虚拟语气,即wer
49、e to do/shoulddo/did,故选BShedoesntwanttoworkrightnowbecauseshethinksthatifsheajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletovisitherfriendsvery often.真题解析A.hasto getC.had gotB.wereto getD.couldhave got【解析】句意为“她现在不想工作,如果她有了工作,就不能经常拜访她的朋友了”,if从句表示的是对将来事实的假设,所以应该用表示将来的虚拟语气,即were to do/shoulddo/did,故选BShedoesntwanttowork
50、rightnowbecauseshethinksthatifsheBajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletovisitherfriendsvery often.真题解析A.werentto haveC.arentto haveB.hadntbeentohaveD.hadnt had【解析】此处if引导的从句是对将来事实的相反假设,固定的语法结构框架是if加上were to do形式,句意为“如果我们明天没有考试的话,我们就去参加音乐会”。If weourtesttomorrow,Iwouldhavegonetothe concert.真题解析A.werentto haveC
51、.arentto haveB.hadntbeentohaveD.hadnt had【解析】此处if引导的从句是对将来事实的相反假设,固定的语法结构框架是if加上were to do形式,句意为“如果我们明天没有考试的话,我们就去参加音乐会”。If weAourtesttomorrow,Iwouldhavegonetothe concert.真题解析虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(3)省略 if 的条件句含有were,had,should的虚拟条件句可省略if,采用倒装语序。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnthavemadesuchasillymistake.HadIknow
52、nit,Iwouldnthavemadesuchasilly mistake.IfIwerenotfortherain,Iwouldgohikingtomorrow.Wereitnotfortherain,Iwouldgohiking tomorrow.A.Should wouldC.If wouldB.Suppose couldD.Would will【解析】句意“如果部长们决定要发起一次调查,我们会表示欢迎”。表将来不太可能发生的事,使用省略if的条件句。ministersdecidetoinstigateaninquiry,wewelcome it.真题解析A.Should wouldC
53、.If wouldB.Suppose couldD.Would will【解析】句意“如果部长们决定要发起一次调查,我们会表示欢迎”。表将来不太可能发生的事,使用省略if的条件句。A ministersdecidetoinstigateaninquiry,wewelcome it.真题解析A.Ifitwerenot forC.Wereitnot forB.Haditnotbeen forD.Ifithasnotbeen for【解析】根据语境可知是与过去事实相反,此时条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词,如果省略i
54、f,句子要倒装,倒装时要将助动词提前。yourvaluablehelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheexperimentaheadof time.真题解析A.Ifitwerenot forC.Wereitnot forB.Haditnotbeen forD.Ifithasnotbeen for【解析】根据语境可知是与过去事实相反,此时条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词,如果省略if,句子要倒装,倒装时要将助动词提前。B yourvaluablehelp,wecouldnthavefinishe
55、dtheexperimentaheadof time.真题解析虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood(4)其他条件句Withoutthesunandwater,nothingwouldlive.Butforyourhelp,Icouldnotfinishthe task.A.Iftherewas noC.Werent thereB.Iftherehad noD.Without【解析】句意为“如果没有恐怖主义,世界就可以更加和平”。if引导的非真实条件句,如果对现在虚拟,从句用一般过去时,但谓语若为be动词,则用were,故A不对;这里without“如果没有”,相当于if从句部分,故答案选D
56、。terrorism,theworldwouldbemuchmore peaceful.模拟题解析A.Iftherewas noC.Werent thereB.Iftherehad noD.Without【解析】句意为“如果没有恐怖主义,世界就可以更加和平”。if引导的非真实条件句,如果对现在虚拟,从句用一般过去时,但谓语若为be动词,则用were,故A不对;这里without“如果没有”,相当于if从句部分,故答案选D。Dterrorism,theworldwouldbemuchmore peaceful.模拟题解析05独立主格Nominative Absolute独立主格 Nominati
57、ve Absolute分词短语 有它自己的 逻辑主语 时使用 独立主格结构(nominative absolute),用于修饰整个句子。(1)名词/代词+分词 Themeeting beingover,wewent home.(2)名词/代词+不定式Manyflowers tobeplanted,ourgardenwilllook beautiful.(3)名词/代词+形容词Thebaby asleep,themotherturnedoffthe light.独立主格 Nominative Absolute分词短语 有它自己的 逻辑主语 时使用 独立主格结构(nominativeabsolut
58、e),用于修饰整个句子。(4)名词/代词+副词Themeeting over,wewent home.(5)名词/代词+名词Hisfirstshot failure,hefired again.独立主格 Nominative Absolute分词短语 有它自己的 逻辑主语 时使用 独立主格结构(nominative absolute),用于修饰整个句子。(6)名词/代词+介词短语MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,book in hand.(7)with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语Hestoodatthedoor,withabook inhis hand.A.
59、tolead;findingC.leading;to findB.tolead;to findD.leading;finding【解析】句意为“在村民的带领下,我们毫不费力地找到了小屋”。主句用了固定句式have trouble(in)doing sth.“做某事有麻烦”。其余部分用的with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语。With the villagertheway,wehad no troublethecottage.真题解析A.tolead;findingC.leading;to findB.tolead;to findD.leading;finding【解析】句意为“在村民的
60、带领下,我们毫不费力地找到了小屋”。主句用了固定句式have trouble(in)doing sth.“做某事有麻烦”。其余部分用的with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语。With the villagertheway,wehad no troublethecottage.D真题解析Therenothingmorefordiscussion,theconferencecametoanend20minutes earlier.A.beB.to beC.beingD.tohave been【解析】句意:没有什么要讨论的了,会议提前20分钟结束了。“there being+名词/代词”为一
61、种常见的独立主格结构,there tobe为there be的非谓语形式之一,它在句中主要用作动词或介词for的宾语。真题解析ThereCnothingmorefordiscussion,theconferencecametoanend20minutes earlier.A.beB.to beC.beingD.tohave been【解析】句意:没有什么要讨论的了,会议提前20分钟结束了。“there being+名词/代词”为一种常见的独立主格结构,there tobe为there be的非谓语形式之一,它在句中主要用作动词或介词for的宾语。真题解析A.devotedtodoC.devot
62、ingto doingB.isdevotedto doingD.devotedto doing【解析】句意为“那位科学家把所有时间都投入了研究,没有时间看电影了”。前半句的逻辑主语是allhertime,与主句主语the scientist不一致,因此为独立主格结构。time与devote之间是被动关系,构成devote all her time to doing.结构。Allher time _research,thescientisthasnotimefor films.模拟题解析A.devotedtodoC.devotingto doingB.isdevotedto doingD.devotedto doing【解析】句意为“那位科学家把所有时间都投入了研究,没有时间看电影了”。前半句的逻辑主语是allhertime,与主句主语the scientist不一致,因此为独立主格结构。time与devote之间是被动关系,构成devote all her time to doing.结构。Allher time _Dresearch,thescientisthasnotimefor films.模拟题解析谢谢观看下节课再见