1、 原句感知自主探究What we need is more time.When he will leave for the United States is not decided.Wenchuan is not what it used to be.I dont know which school he is in.I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.I have no idea where he has gone.It is common knowledge that the earth turns around th
2、e sun.It is hard to translate the sentence into English.It is no use arguing with him.It feels strange to have a twin sister.(1)句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语；句中when引导主语从句，在从句中作状语；句中what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语；句中which引导宾语从句；句中how引导宾语从句；句中where引导同位语从句。(2)句中it在句中作形式主语。(3)句中真正的主语是：that_the_earth_turns_around_the_sun；to_
3、translate_the_sentence_into_English；arguing_with_him；to_have_a_twin_sister。语法剖析语法点一连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句1.由what, which, who/whom, whose等连接代词和when, where, why, how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语(1)主语从句What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。Where we will go hasnt been decided.我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。When they w
4、ill come hasnt been made public.他们什么时候来还没有公布。即时演练1(1)单句语法填空(2015江苏高考)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.(陕西高考)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.(北京高考)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagina
5、tion of the writer.(2)完成句子他为什么要这样做还不知道。Why_he_did_this is not known.我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的更好。What_we_cant_get seems better than what we have.谁做的这件事还不知道。Who_did_it is unknown.(2)宾语从句I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。Please tell me whos
6、e book it is.请告诉我这是谁的书。即时演练2(1)用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整We dont know who will be sent to solve the problem.He didnt tell me what he would do next.Can you tell me how I can use the new machine?I havent decided when I will go back, perhaps the day after tomorrow.(2)单句语法填空(2015浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake
7、, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(全国卷)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.(3)表语从句The question is how we should carry out the plan.问题是我们应该怎样执行这个计划。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。名师点津beca
8、use和why都引导表语从句，why从句后的内容表示的是结果，而because从句内容表示的是原因。即时演练3(1)单句语法填空(江苏高考)What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.(北京高考)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.(2)完成句子今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。China is no longer what_she_used_to_be.那正是他
9、对我生气的原因。Thats why_he_got_angry with me.问题是谁能代替他。The question is who_can_take_the_place_of_him.那不是他想要的。Thats not what_he_wants.(4)同位语从句I have no idea what he thinks of the plan.我不知道他怎么看待这个计划。We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.我们不明白这个问题为什么这是最好的选择。即时演练4单句语法填空/句型转换(重庆高考)Is it tru
10、e that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.The teacher didnt know the reason why Jack was absent.The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.We havent decided where we are going to spend our holiday.We ha
11、vent settled the problem where we are going to spend our holiday.2连接代词和连接副词的选择连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握住两点：(1)成分：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。(2)意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。Thats where the accident took place.那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“的地方”)She didnt know who/whom we were talking about.她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)即时演练5(
12、1)选词填空：when, why, how, which, what, who, whomDo you know when the train arrives?Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article?How I can make greater progress later is a problem.Which team will win is not clear.What I want to know is who took away my book.The problem is whom we should h
13、ave do it.(2)单句语法填空(全国卷)We havent discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.3what与that的用法区别(1)that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。(2)what引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what具有两个含义：保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；相当于“the thing(s) that/which”，即“先行词定语从句”的含义。另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the pla
14、ce that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。After what seemed a long wait, the results were announced.经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。即时演练6(1)单句语法填空(2015陕西高考)Reading her
15、biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(天津高考)What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.(2)单句改错Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.light前加ThatThat the professor said is of great importance.ThatWhatThe key
16、is that we can get from it.thatwhatHe saves that he earns.thatwhatI know the fact what he came here two years ago.whatthat4“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的用法区别whoever, whatever, whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。Whoever telephones(No matter who telephones), tell them Im out.不管是谁打电话，都说
17、我出去了。No matter what you say, I believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。即时演练7(1)单句语法填空(2016北京高考)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.(北京高考)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2)句型转换Anyone who comes here is welcome.Whoever
18、 comes here is welcome.You can do anything you like.You can do whatever you like.语法点二it用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。1代替主语从句it代替主语从句的常用句式如下：(1)It be名词(a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, common knowledge, a surprise .)从句。It is a pity that I cant
19、go with you because I have to look after my little brother.我不能和你一起去真是太遗憾了，因为我必须照看我的弟弟。Its a fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking.大部分肺癌导致的死亡是由吸烟引起的，这是个事实。(2)It be形容词(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange, uncertain, obvious, important .)从句。It
20、s clear (that) he has done his best.很明显他已经尽力而为了。(3)Itbe过去分词 (found, believed, reported, thought, noted, proved, known, decided, suggested, required .)从句。It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。(4)某些动词(短语)常用it作形式主语。it常用作动词(短语)seem, appear, happen, turn out, chance等的主语。It happened that I
21、 was in the countryside at the time.那时我恰巧在乡下。名师点津“Itbesaid/believed/reported/ .that .”句型一般可转换成“Sb./Sth.be said/believed/reported/ .不定式”句型。It is said that he has got a doctors degree.He is said to have got a doctors degree.据说他获得了博士学位。2代替不定式短语It is hard to persuade him to go with me.说服他跟我一块儿去很难。3代替动词i
22、ng形式短语It is no good reading in dim light.在昏暗的灯光下读书没有好处。即时演练8(1)单句语法填空(湖南高考)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.(山东高考)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.(2)用it作形式主语改写句子To remember this rule is important.Its_im
23、portant_to_remember_this_rule.Lying in the sun in winter is pleasant.It_is_pleasant_lying_in_the_sun_in_winter.That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.It_worried_her_a_bit_that_her_hair_was_turning_grey.调查报告技法指导调查报告的特点是简洁、易懂、准确、逻辑性强、描述性强、针对性强。用于说明、阐述某个事物、某种观点，以说服读者。写好报告最重要的一步就是合理地组织你所获得的信息。
24、主要分为以下四部分：第一部分应阐述报告的目的，即介绍报告的主题；第二部分要罗列已经完成的以及怎样完成的工作，即简述获得信息的途径或方法；第三部分要说明主要的发现；第四部分应说明主要结论，同时概括主要的建议和意见，也就是发表自己的观点。写作时，可以根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用一般现在时。常见的写作方法有：按调查的先后顺序逐点写；按事物发展的阶段来写；将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非优劣，找出其差异来写；按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。调查报告往往围绕一个主题，利用所给的调查结果展开。一般按如下步骤进行写作。(1)调查报告的开头为说明该调查的真实性和可靠性，在调查报告的开头往
25、往交代调查结果的来源、方式和调查目的。(2)图表说明图表说明是调查报告的重点，交代图表信息时，应选用有针对性的数据来说明问题，切忌面面俱到，一一罗列全部数据。相反，考生应该对图表信息加以分析、归纳，选取有代表性的，如最大值、最小值，以及同类信息加以表述，做到主次分明、准确生动。注意：调查报告所提供的图表形式多样，表格一般多为数据表，而图一般为柱状图(bar graph)、曲线图(line graph)、圆形图(circular graph)、饼形图(pie graph) 或百分比图(percentage graph)等。(3)分析问题，解决问题有些调查报告还需要对图表信息所反映出的问题和趋势进
26、行分析，说明问题产生的原因或所造成的后果。(4)最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。黄金表达一、常用的开头句型1According to a survey .2Ive made a survey and find that .3A recent study shows that .二、图表说明常用句型1There was a great increase in .2There has been a slow fall in .3It is 20% lower/higher than .4The number/rate has nearly doubled, as against
27、 that of last year.三、分析问题常用句型1The reason for . is that .2One may think of the change as a result of .3The change in . largely results from that .4There are several causes for this significant growth in . First . Second .5This brings out the important fact that .四、阐述个人看法常用句型1I hope .2I advise that .3
28、In my opinion .写作规范题目要求假设你是某英文报社记者，你对中国人参加体育活动的现状进行了调查(调查结果见下表)。请用英语写一篇100词左右的报告，阐明调查结果，并谈谈你的看法。提示：1.应充分认识体育锻炼的重要性；2应对措施：提供锻炼的场地和器材(facilities)等。三步作文法第一步：搜索词汇1参加体育活动take_part_in_physical_activities2期望，盼望 look_forward_to3远离 far_away_from4给某人提供某物 provide_sth._for_sb.5总之 in_conclusion第二步：由词造句1超过一半的人说他们
29、没有足够的时间锻炼。Over half of the people say they want to take_exercise but they havent got enough time.Over half of the people say they havent got enough time to_take_exercise.234.9%的人期盼场地和足够的设施。34.9 percent of the people look_forward_to places to relax themselves.They look forward to enough training faci
30、lities.34.9 percent of the people look_forward_to places, where they can relax themselves, and enough training facilities.3为了增进健康，人们应当认识到体育锻炼的重要性，并采取措施提供锻炼器材。People should realize the importance of physical training to improve health. They should take_measures_to_provide training facilities for peop
31、le.In order to improve health, people should realize the importance of physical training, and_measures_should_be_taken_to_provide training facilities for people.第三步：联句成篇Recently I have made a survey of the Chinese people on physical training. Only 35 percent of the people surveyed have taken part in
32、 physical activities. Over half of the people say they havent got enough time to take exercise. 34.9 percent of them look forward to places, where they can relax themselves, and enough training facilities. 12.9 percent of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centres. In addi
33、tion, some of them even dont know how to train.In conclusion, in order to improve health, people should realize the importance of physical training, and measures should be taken to provide training facilities for people.单句语法填空1It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
34、2It is believed that what a man says should agree with his actions.3The chances remain very high that you may face a second failure in the experiment, but, anyhow, it is worth your time.4The president of the company made promise to do whatever he could to help dropouts return to school.5Sarah hopes
35、to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.6(浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.7I still remember when this used to be a quiet village.8I read about it in some book or other, does it matter which it was?9Its no use talking (talk) to him
36、; youll only waste your breath.10I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes, it could be.I wonder what we can do about it.完成句子1谁做这份工作还没决定。Who_will_do_the_job hasnt been decided.2我们想知道的是他们什么时候能答复我们。What we want to know is when they will give us an answer.3这个问题使老师很困扰，为什么汤姆没通过考试。The_question_why Tom d
37、idnt pass the exam makes his teacher puzzled.4据说这部新影片很受欢迎。Its_said_that the new film is well received.5任何值得做的事都应把它做好。Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.语法与写作(句型转换)1Where can we buy tickets? It is a problem we need to solve.Where_we_can_buy_tickets_is a problem we need to solve.2He asked，“Ho
38、w much can I pay for this toy aircraft？”He asked how_much_he_could_pay_for_that_toy_aircraft.3To get back home was impossible for him.It was impossible for him to_get_back_home.4Such a little girl of six could play the violin so well.It surprised me most.What_surprised_me_most_was_that such a little
39、 girl of six could play the violin so well.5Who is afraid of having a change in land ownership? It is clear.Its clear who_is_afraid_of_having_a_change_in_land_ownership.对应学生课下能力提升(七).单句语法填空1With eyes and what appears to be a nose on their heads, fish have the sense of sight and can smell as well.2To
40、morrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea where the party is to be held?3What worried the doctors most was how they could find the cause of the disease.4It is no use regretting (regret) what he has done.5You are saying that everyone can be successful if he tries his best, and this is where I ag
41、ree.6It is really exciting that they are both chosen to be volunteers for the coming National Games.7It is known to us all that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.8Having checked the doors were closed, and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.9A reward of
42、 1,000 dollars will be given to whoever can find the lost child.10I was badly ill in bed yesterday.Im sorry to hear that. Is that why you did not attend the meeting?.完成句子1看起来他对我一无所知。It_seems_as_if he knows nothing about me.2我认为在危险时刻保持镇定很重要。I think_it_important_that we should keep calm in time of dan
43、ger.3你最近有多忙真的让我们大家困惑。How_busy_you_have_been recently really puzzles us all.4无论他说什么做什么都与我无关。Whatever_he_says_and_does is none of my business.5去拿你的外套，它就在你原来放的地方。Go and get your coat. Its where_you_left_it.阅读理解ATu Youyou together with William Campbell and Satoshi Omura won the 2015 Nobel Prize for thei
44、r work against parasitic (寄生虫) diseases. Irishborn Campbell and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for discovering a new drug, avermectin (除虫菌类), that has helped the battle against river blindness and lymphatic filariasis, (淋巴丝虫病) as well as showing effectiveness against other parasitic diseases.
45、The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, an 85yearold female scientist, was awarded the other half of the prize for the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug cure for malaria (疟疾) that has saved millions of lives all over the world, especially in the developing world.When the news broke that Tu won the Nob
46、el Prize, there were cheers as well as doubts. It also has highlighted differences in prizeawarding practices between China and the West. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists, so it was unfair to award the prize only to Tu. Indeed, Chinese scie
47、nce awards are mainly presented to projects, instead of individual scientists. But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method.Li Zhenzhen, a researcher of the China Academy of Sciences said that the West believes that the advancement of
48、science comes from individuals creative minds. In 1969, Tu started to hold a government project aimed at eliminating malaria.Tu and her teammates experimented with 380 extracts in 2,000 candidate recipes before they finally succeeded in getting the pure substance qinghaosu, later known as artemisini
49、n. In 2011, Tu was awarded the Lasker Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award, commonly referred to as “Americas Nobel Prize”. 1Why Tu Youyou could be awarded the Nobel Prize for?ABecause she discovered the avermectin, a drug cure for malaria.BBecause she contributed to the traditional Chinese medic
50、ine.CBecause she discovered the artemisinin which shows effectiveness against other parasitic diseases.DBecause she has saved millions of lives for the discovery of artemisinin. 解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, an 85yearold female scientist, was awarded the other half of the pri
51、ze for the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素), a drug cure for malaria (疟疾) that has saved millions of lives all over the world, especially in the developing world.”可知屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她通过发现青蒿素挽救了很多人的性命。故D正确。2What is the difference in prizeawarding practices between China and the West?AChinese science awards
52、are mainly presented to individual scientists, instead of projects.BChinese believes that the advancement of science comes from individuals creative minds.CWestern awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method.DWestern awards are presented to both
53、individual scientists and projects.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段“Indeed, Chinese science awards are mainly presented to projects, instead of individual scientists. But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method.”可知西方国家会颁奖给科学家个人，而东方国家则更看重整体而不是个人。故C正确。
54、3How old was Tu Youyou when she was awarded the“Americas Nobel Prize”？A85.B81.C46. D39.解析：选B推理计算题。根据第一段可知屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的时间是2015年，她85岁。再根据最后一句“In 2011, Tu was awarded the Lasker Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award, commonly referred to asAmericas Nobel Prize”可知她是在2011年获得了the Lasker Debakey Clinical Me
55、dical Research Award，当年她81岁。故B正确。4What is the best title of the passage?AWhy Tu Youyou could be awarded the 2015 Nobel prizeBWhy Tu received the “Americas Nobel Prize”CTu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisininDThe difference in prizeawarding practices between China and the
56、West解析：选C标题归纳题。本文主要叙述的是中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔医学奖的细节信息，并介绍了东西方在颁奖方面的一些差异。故C正确。BIn a movie, a woman reads a storybook to her friends daughter. As they approach the last page, she reads，“. and Cinderella and the prince lived happily ever after.” She closes the book and looks at the young girl, adding，“You know,
57、 things dont always happen like this in real life, I just think you should know that now.”We were all raised on fairy tales with glass slippers, brave princes and magic! It didnt take too long to realize that stories like that arent necessarily true. In real life, you learn that glass slippers are r
58、eally uncomfortable, no prince is perfect and magic doesnt always work.So what do you do when the way you planned things is not the way they turned out?Know that parts of your fairy tale have already been written, and sadly, theres not much you can do about those first few chapters. You didnt get th
59、e best start. Your trust was unexpectedly betrayed (背叛). You didnt get the job. Whatever falls and failures happened in your past, theres still more to the story.Your life has a lot of contributors (投稿者), and you are the editorinchief. You take whats there and create the masterpiece (杰作). All the go
60、od pages and the bad can come together to make a beautiful adventure.When you find yourself wishing your life was more like the fairy tales, remember that in some ways it already is. There will be dragons, bad witches, great romances, winding roads and friends to help you along the way. Live your li
61、fe carefully and positively as if you are writing a long story. Whether its a comedy, tragedy or a little of both, the pen is in your hand. How it ends is all up to you.5According to the first paragraph, we know the woman is _.Awise BcruelCbrave Dpatient解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“adding, You know, things
62、 dont always happen like this in real life, I just think you should know that now”她并不是单纯地读故事给一个懵懂的女孩听，而是在教我们生活在现实生活中，不可能有童话故事里一样的情节发生，可以看出这个女人是一个有智慧的人，故选A。6Why does the author raise the question in Paragraph 3?ATo compare different ideas.BTo express the doubts of life.CTo introduce points for discus
63、sion.DTo describe the conditions in real life.解析：选C推理判断题。很明显，作者提出了这样的一个问题，从而引出了讨论点，后面三段都是围绕这个进行讨论，故选C。7Which of the following may NOT often appear in fairy tales?AGlass slippers. BWinding roads.CSad endings. DBad witches.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段“There will be dragons, bad witches, great romances, winding r
64、oads and friends to help you along the way”，可知在童话故事里会出现这些东西，但没有提到悲伤的结局，故选C。8What is the message expressed in the passage?ABe positive about life.BWrite your own stories.CParents should tell fairy tales to their kids.DThere are many problems in school education.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Live your life care
65、fully and positively as if you are writing a long story”可以推测，本文主要想要阐明要积极乐观的生活的观点，故选A。.短文改错Hi, MikeWhat is everything with you? I hope youre well!It was great to hearing from you. Thanks for the invitation of your birthday party on the 17th. Unlucky, were going on the holiday on the 10th and we arent
66、 coming back until the 20th. Im afraid there are no way I can go. But I hope you have really good time and enjoy the party.Im really exciting about our holiday because were going to Sanya! Its my first time! There will be lot of sun and swimming. I believe itll be great!Well, Ive got other emails to write so Ill finish there.Take care and write again soon.Amy答案：第一句：WhatHow第三句：hearinghear第四句：ofto第五句：UnluckyUnluckily；去掉第一个the第六句：areis第七句：really前加 a第八句：excitingexcited第十句：lot oflots of/a lot of第十二句：therehere
