1、英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 必修5 The United KingdomUnit 2Section Learning about Language课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收 3课前新知预习 1课前新知预习.补全短语 1quarrel with sb._ sth.因为某事与某人争吵 2take the _ of 代替 3break _(机器)损坏；破坏 4be furnished _ 配备有 5_ description 难以描述 6leave _ 剩下 7_ photographs 拍照 8look _ 看上去相似overplacedownwithbeyondovertakea
2、like.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1Before she came to England,she had seldom heard a single English word _(speak)2When his wife returned,the husband found her beautiful long hair _(cut)3I am pleased to see the problem _(settle)so soon.4_(walk)along the street,I found many of the shops _(crowd)with people.5Tom had h
3、is left leg _(break)while playing football.spokencutsettledWalkingcrowdedbroken 6The students were told to have their homework _(hand)in before class.7I have had my bike _(repair)，and Ill have someone _(repair)my phone tomorrow.8John rushed out in a hurry,_(leave)the door _(unlock)handedrepairedrepa
4、irleavingunlocked课堂要点探究 1.description n.描写，描绘，形容 Berlin sounds fascinating from your description.从你的叙述来看，柏林好像是个迷人的城市。Ill need a full description of the stolen property.我需要一份被窃财产的完整描述的报告。I gave them a description of my car.我给他们形容了一下我的汽车。give sb.a brief description of.向某人简要地描述beyond description难以描述；无法
5、形容give/make a description of.对加以描述describe v.描述，描写，叙述，形容descriptive adj.描述的；叙述的知识拓展 The lady was beautiful beyond description.那位女士漂亮得难以形容。Can you give a description of your hometown?你能描述一下你的家乡吗？The book is full of descriptive passages.这本书充满了描写性的段落。活学活用(1)用恰当形式填空 Tom gave a detailed _(describe)of his
6、 lost car to the police.答案：description 句意：汤姆向警方详细地描述了他那辆丢失的车。description表示“描述”，符合句意。(2)完成句子 作者开头先描写了那个地区。The writer began with_ _ _ _ _.孩子们被要求观看那幅画并描述他们所看到的东西。Children were asked to look at the painting and_ _ _ _.答案：a description of the area describe what they saw 2furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的 You wil
7、l live in a town close to the countryside in England in a furnished house with all modern convenience.你将住在一座配有所有现代便利设施的房子里，这座房子位于英国靠近乡下的一个小镇上。The factory is well furnished with modern equipment.这家工厂现代化设备齐全。furnish vt.为配备家具，布置furnish A with Bfurnish B to A 为A提供Bfurnish sth.with sth.为(房屋等)提供家具，用家具布置(房
8、屋等)furniture nU家具(总称)a piece of furniture 一件家具知识拓展 活学活用(1)补全句子 这个房间里摆放了最简单的生活必需品：一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。The room_ _ _the simplest essentials：a bed，a chair and a table.答案：was furnished with(2)用恰当形式填空 The only piece of_(furnish)he has in his room is a bed.答案：furniture 句意：他房间里的唯一一件家具是一张床。考查名词。根据句意可知设空处需填名词，furn
9、ish为动词，意为“布置家具”，不合语境。furniture为不可数名词，意为“家具”。3possibility nU可能，可能性 C可能发生的事，常用复数表示。Is there any possibility of our getting there in time?我们还能及时赶到那里吗？possible adj.可能的impossible adj.不可能的possibly adv.可能地There is a/no possibility that.有/没有可能知识拓展 比较网站 possible，probable&likelypossible强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示“实际上希望很小
10、”，常用的句式为“It is possible for sb.to do sth.”或“It is possiblethat从句”。作表语时不能用人作主语。probable主要用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事，带有“大概，很可能”的意味，语气较possible强。常用的句式为“It is probable从句”。作表语时不用人或不定式作主语。likely侧重从表面看，“某事很有可能发生”，与probable意思相近。既可用人也可用物作主语。常用句式为：“It is likelythat从句”或“Sb.be likely to do sth.”但不能说：It is likely for sb.
11、to do sth.。She is very likely to ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。Rain is possible,but not probable this evening.今晚可能有雨，但不一定下。活学活用(1)用possible/probable/likely填空 He always keeps his promises so it is_that he will come.He is_to come by bike.It is_for him to help.He is free today.答案：probable likely possible
12、(2)用恰当词语填空 Xiao Hua believed_is possible to improve his spoken English quickly with the help of a native speaker._is no possibility_the engineer can complete the project within two weeks.答案：it 句意：肖华相信在母语为英语的人的帮助下，他有可能快速提高自己的英语口语。possible的主语不能为人，常用句型为Its possible to do sth.。There；that 句意：工程师不可能在两周内完成
13、这项工程。There is no possibility that.为固定句型，意为“没可能”，that引导同位语从句。4arrange v.(1)筹备，安排 Can I arrange an appointment for Monday?我可以安排星期一约见吗？Have you arranged to meet him?你安排好去见他了吗？Ive arranged that we can borrow their car.我已经说好了，我们可以借用他们的车。(2)整理，布置，排列 Ive arranged my CDs in alphabetical order.我把我的激光唱片按字母顺序排
14、好了。She arranged the flowers in a vase.她把花瓶中的花插好。I arranged with Mary to meet at 8 oclock.我和玛丽约定八点见面。Ive arranged for a window cleaner to come on Saturday.我已安排好窗户清洁工周六来。arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事arrange(for sb.)to do sth.安排(某人)做某事arrange for sth.安排某事arrange with sb.to do sth.与某人约定做某事It is/was arrange
15、dthatclause约定；安排make arrangements for安排好知识拓展 活学活用(1)用恰当词语填空(2015山东临沂月考)Because of the urgent situation，the school arranged_the children to leave school at once.答案：for 句意：因为紧急情况，学校安排孩子们立即离校。考查固定搭配。arrange for sb.to do sth.意为“安排某人去做某事”。(2)根据汉语提示，用括号内的单词完成句子 You can come at your convenience.Everything_
16、 _well_for your life and work.你可以在方便的时候过来。你生活和工作的一切事宜都已经安排妥当。(arrange)答案：has been；arranged 5fold v.(1)sth.(up)|sth.(back,down,over etc.)折叠，对折(纸、织物等)Fold the letter(in two)before putting it in the envelope.把信(对)折起来再装入信封。(2)(sth.)(away/down)折小，叠平，可折小，可叠平(以便储存或携带)Does this table fold?这张桌子可以折叠吗？(3)A in
17、B|B round/around/over A包，裹 He folded the pills in a piece of paper.他用纸包住药丸。(4)(up)倒闭；停演；结束 The company folded(up)last week.那家公司上星期倒闭了。图解助记 注意：反义词：unfold vt.展开，打开；显示，显露 The captain unfolded the map and stared at it for a long time.船长展开地图并且凝视良久。活学活用(1)用恰当形式填空 Can you fold_ the chairs while I clean the
18、 floor?答案：up fold up“折叠起来”。句意：你能在我清洗地板时把这些椅子折起来吗？(2)完成句子 沿这条线把纸折起来。_ _ _along the line.答案：Fold the paper 1.take the place of 代替 She couldnt attend the meeting so her assistant took her place.她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.在大多数办公室里，电脑已经取代了打字机。Tom was
19、ill,so Mary took the place of him to arrange the meeting which would take place in their company.汤姆病了，因此玛丽代替他来安排要在公司举行的会议。take ones placetake the place of代替；替代take sb.s placetake sb.s seat就座；入座；名副其实take place(尤指根据计划或安排)发生；进行in place of代替；取代in place在合适的地方；在正确的位置；准备妥当知识拓展 活学活用(1)用take place，take the p
20、lace of，take ones place,in place of或instead of的适当形式填空 Electric trains _ steam engine trains in England.Mr Li is ill,so Ill give you lessons _ him.Great changes _ in China since 1978.In warm weather she often reads under a tree _ in the library.“Please _，everyone，”said John.“From now on,I will _ Mr G
21、eorge as chairman of the meeting.”答案：have taken the place of in place of/instead of have taken place instead of take your place；take the place of(2)补全句子 很多专家都认为无论你怎么准备，果汁都无法代替水果。Many experts argue that the juice can never be_ _ _fruit no matter how you prepare it.答案：in place of 2pick up(1)拾起，捡起 She
22、picked up a stone and threw it at the window.她捡起一块石头朝窗户扔去。(2)收拾，整理 Will you pick up all your toys?你把玩具都收起来好吗？(3)取物；接人 Pick me up at the hotel.到旅馆来接我。(4)收听到 We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.我们接到那架发生故障的飞机发出的无线电求救信号。(5)获得，得到；买到；学会 She picked up Spanish when she was living in M
23、exico.她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。(6)(使)重新开始 We picked up the conversation after an interruption.我们的谈话被打断后又重新开始了。活学活用 用恰当介词填空(1)It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick_my friend.(2)Without good instructions of the coach，you will probably pick_a lot of bad habits while you are exercising in gyms.(
24、3)Its surprising that your brother picked_Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.答案：(1)out(2)up(3)up 3break down(1)(机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉 His car broke down on the way to work this morning.今天上午在上班的路上他的车抛锚了。(2)失败 The peace talks are said to have broken down.和谈据说已经失败了。(3)被搞垮，垮掉 Her health broke down
25、under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。(4)情不自禁哭起来 Peter broke down and cried when his mother died.彼得的母亲去世时，他不禁失声痛哭。图解助记 活学活用(1)用恰当词语填空(2014天津卷改编)The two countries are going to meet to break_ some barriers to trade between them.答案：down 句意：两个国家将要见面来打破两国之间的障碍来进行贸易。break down“打破，分解”。(2)补全句子 Oldfashion
26、ed phones matter when wireless networks _ _in disasters.答案：break down 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当无线网络在灾难中出故障时，老式手机就很关键了。break down“坏了；出故障”。过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词可以在“主语谓语宾语宾补”句型中担任宾补。1作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 1)由及物动词转化而来的过去分词担任宾语补足语时，与宾语在逻辑上构成被动关系。They once heard the song sung in English.他们曾听见有人用英文唱那首歌。I find some students
27、in this school often punished by the teachers.我发现这所学校的学生经常被老师惩罚。2)少数不及物动词如 go,change,fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。In fall,you will find the leaves changed from green to brown.秋天，你会发现树叶由绿色变成褐色。3)动词 seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作
28、宾语补足语一般表示状态而不表示被动的意义。When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。I noticed her dressed in black today.我注意到她今天穿了一身黑。2过去分词作宾语补足语的常见结构 1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。此类词有：see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice,feel，find,think,suppose,consider等。The next morning,people found t
29、he world outside their houses completely changed.第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看见一个老人被车撞倒了。2)使役动词。此类词有：have,get,make,leave,keep,hold等。What made them so frightened?什么使他们这样害怕？If you go on making such mistakes,youll get fired.如果你继续犯这样的错误，你会被解雇的。3)表示“使保持某种状态”
30、意义的连系动词。此类词有leave，keep，remain等。He passed away,leaving his works unfinished.他去世了，留下著作还没写完。Dont keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.我问你问题时不要闭口不语。4)表示“希望、要求、命令”的动词。此类词有：like,want,wish,order等。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这类问题。The students wish the serial TV p
31、lays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。5)“with宾语过去分词”结构。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补
32、的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。(fix ones eyes on为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed换为 fixing)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。3“使役动词 have宾语过去分词”的几种含义 在“have宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have也可用 get。这一结构具有以下几种
33、含义：1)意为“主语请别人做某事”。I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays.I dont wash my clothes myself.我通常在星期天洗衣服，但不是我自己洗。2)意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。She had her arm broken in an accident.在事故中，她的胳膊弄断了。3)意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning.他今早把墙漆了。4过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别现在分词作宾补宾语和补语之
34、间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作发生。不定式作宾补表示一个完成的动作或表示在一个很短的时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。高考真题改编 用恰当形式填空 1(四川卷改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop)after great effort.答案：developed 考查非谓语动词。句意：经理很高兴地看到在作出了很大的努力后，许多新产品被开发了。由语境可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”这一结构；宾语 many new products与dev
35、elop之间为动宾关系，故要用过去分词作宾语补足语。2(北京卷改编)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without _(recognize)答案：being recognized 考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。句意：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被认出来了。3(北京卷改编)When we saw the road _(block)with snow,we decided to spend the holida
36、y at home.答案：blocked 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到道路被大雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家度假。分析结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do，表示“看见宾语干某事的过程”；宾补是doing，指“看见宾语正在干某事”；若宾语与宾补之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处宾语the road与block之间为动宾关系，故用blocked作宾补。4(四川卷改编)Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _(wash)答案：washed 考查非谓语动词。get后跟复合宾语
37、，宾语是car，与宾补wash之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。句意：在开车进城市之前，按要求你要把你的车洗干净。5(江西卷改编)He is thought _(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.答案：to have acted 考查非谓语动词。句意：他被认为行为愚蠢，现在，除了他自己没有人该为他失去工作负责了。sb./sth.be thought 后接不定式作主补。又由他现在失去工作可知他行为愚蠢是发生在过去的事情，导致他失去工作，所以要用不定式的完成式。专项练习.句型转换(1)Th
38、ose plants are not suitable for that part of the garden.They must be pulled up.Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden.I must _ them _ _.(2)Though Ive learnt English for years,I still cant make people understand me quite well.Though Ive learnt English for years,I still cant make _
39、_ quite well.(3)Ill just wash the dishes and then Ill come.Ill just _ the dishes _ and then Ill come.(4)I wont hear anyone say anything against him behind his back.I wont hear anything _ against him behind his back.(5)The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make people hear him.The speaker ra
40、ised his voice but still couldnt make _ _.答案：(1)have；pulled up(2)myself understood(3)get/have；washed(4)said(5)himself heard.用恰当形式填空(1)To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak)as much as we can.答案：spoken English和speak之间为逻辑上的被动关系，过去分词表示被动，故用spoken作宾语补足语。句意为“为了学好英语，我们应
41、该尽可能抓住一切机会听别人讲英语”。(2)Television has many advantages.It keeps us _(inform)about the _(late)news and also provides entertainment at home.答案：informed;latest us与inform之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补；latest是形容词，意思是“最近的”。句意为“电视有很多好处。它可使我们了解最近的新闻，也提供家庭娱乐”。(3)They found the lecture hard _(understand)答案：to understand
42、 句意：这个讲座很难懂。形容词后应跟动词不定式的主动形式，故填to understand。(4)Good morning.Can I help you?Id like to have this package _(weigh),madam.答案：weighed have sth.done为固定用法，意思是“让某事被(别人)做”，其中过去分词作宾语补足语。(5)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.答案：carried 本句中see的宾语为that，代指的是the
43、 plan，the plan与carry out之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。句意为“经理们讨论了他们希望看到明年被执行的那项计划”。课堂达标验收.单词拼写 1Police have issued a _(描述)of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.2Words written _(相似的)are often pronounced differently.3The _(争吵)between them was sparked off by a joke.4This Utopian dream is far beyond
44、 the range of _(可能性)5I finished my coffee,_(折叠)my newspaper and stood up.6They are renting a _(带家具的)flat.7All the _(婚礼)invitations have gone out.8We have _(安排)to transport the rice you purchased by rail.9This style of _(建筑学)is usually referred to in the sixteenth century.10He issued a statement to _
45、(澄清)the situation.答案：1.description 2.alike 3.quarrel 4.possibility 5folded 6.furnished 7.wedding 8.arranged 9.architecture 10.clarify.用括号内所给单词的分词形式填空 1Im afraid I cant make myself_(understand)clearly without explaining the question.2The manager was happy to see all of the problems_(settle)so quickly
46、.3When I entered the office,I found the window_(break)and the computer_(steal)4James had some flowers_(send)to Sarah on her birthday.5Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues_(amuse)with her funny stories.6My glasses are broken.Ill have to get them _(repair)7The next morning p
47、eople found the world outside their houses completely _(change)8He spoke loudly in order to make himself _(hear)9When his wife returned,the husband noticed her hair _(cut)short.10With everything well _(arrange),he left the office.答案：1.understood 2.settled 3.broken;stolen 4.sent 5.amused 6.repaired 7.changed 8.heard 9.cut 10.arranged
