1、2017年高考英语总动员完形填空1.1记叙文【文体攻略】记叙文是高考完形填空题中出现频率最高的一类文体。近几年主要以叙事、记人为主,有幽默故事、童话寓言、历史故事、人物传记等,大多数都富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣和人生感悟。有的记叙文在结尾处稍加一两句议论,常常涉及文章内涵,这是对记叙部分的升华。解答记叙文体的完形填空,常用以下几点答题技巧:1.读透首句,掌握主旨重视首句,明确短文话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点,然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展,最后得出结论。所以读透句首对于学生了解全篇至
2、关重要,这就是我们理解文章内在联系的“突破口”。2.跳空速读全文,掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成,跳过空格,快速阅读,领会大意,把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素,如:时间、地点、人物和事件等,从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3.身临其境,故事重构采取换位思考的方式,假设自己就是故事的主人公,在此情此景下,模拟故事的情景,体会人物的心情,推理故事的发展、体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等。这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握,才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4.关注末段,注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词
3、或名词等。5.浏览全文,复查核定根据记叙文的线索,考生一定要进行回查,仔细推敲,校正全文,使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是:(1)语意是否前后一致;(2)上下文是否通顺连贯,内容是否完整;(3)所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构;(4)文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【典例示范】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“41 my job.Family to Feed.”At this stor
4、e,a 42 like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store,I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our“friend”there would 46.They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year-old suggeste
5、d giving him a 47.I thought about it.We were 48 on cash ourselves,but.well,sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do!All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.When we handed him the bag of 52,he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.When I handed
6、him the gift card,saying he could use it for 54 his family might need,he burst into tears.This has been a wonderful 55 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56!Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said,“No,we really dont have 58 to give more.”Stepping out
7、 not only helped a brother in 59,it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others.Itll go a long way with them.41.A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished42.A.conditionB.placeC.sightD.show43.A.suggestionB.commentC.decision D.call44.A.outsideB.proudlyC.byD.angrily45.A.drawB.say C.arrangeD.pick46.A.order
8、B.supplyC.appreciateD.discover47.A.dollarB.job C.hot mealD.gift card48.A.easy B.low C.softD.loose49.A.givingB.savingC.spending D.begging50.A.yet B.even C.stillD.just51.A.declaredB.sharedC.ignored D.expected52.A.toys B.medicineC.food D.clothes53.A.sleepyB.wateryC.curiousD.sharp54.A.whoeverB.whateverC
9、.whicheverD.whenever55.A.experienceB.exampleC.messageD.adventure56.A.rely on B.respect C.learn from D.help57.A.suddenlyB.vividlyC.differentlyD.perfectly58.A.time B.powerC.patienceD.money59.A.fear B.love C.needD.memory60.A.strongB.sweet C.strangeD.simple本文为记叙文。作者和孩子们周末去超市购物时,在超市外面看到一名男子在乞讨。作者和孩子们为这位乞
10、讨者挑选了一些食物,并送给他一张代金卡。帮助他人给孩子们带来了很多的快乐。41.A 根据后面的“Family to Feed.”可以推断出,这位男子失业了,同时还需要抚养家人,所以他上街乞讨。42.C 作者在此处想要说明的是,上文描述的男子乞讨的情景并不常见。sight在此处意为“景象,情景”,符合语境。condition“条件,环境”;place“地方”;show“展览,表演”。43.B make a comment on sth.是固定搭配,意为“评论某事”。作者10岁的孩子注意到了那名乞讨的男子并进行了评论。44.A 根据前面的“how bad”以及后面的“in the cold win
11、d”可知,这名男子是站在外面进行乞讨的。45.D 进入商店后,作者要求每个孩子挑选他们觉得我们的这位“朋友”最可能重视的东西。pick在此处意为“选择,挑选”。46.C appreciate在此处意为“重视,欢迎”,符合语境。order“订购”;supply“提供,供应”;discover“发现”。47.D 根据下文第54空所在的句子中的“When I handed him the gift card”可知,此处作者17岁的孩子建议送给乞讨的男子一张代金卡。48.B low在此处是形容词,意为“少的,缺少(钱)的”,说明作者一家也不富裕,经济也很拮据。49.A 根据下文内容可知,作者的儿子想把
12、这张代金卡送给那位乞讨的男子,虽然他们也不富裕,但是作者还是同意了。50.D just在此处意为“恰好”。作者认为在自己不富有的情况下为他人提供帮助恰好是我们需要做的事情。51.A 作者的孩子们非常支持17岁的哥哥(或姐姐)的做法,他们纷纷宣布取消自己在这一周要买的东西,为的是把代金卡送给乞讨的男子。52.C 上文提到作者一家在商店主要购买了一些食物,所以此处指的是我们把那袋子食物递到了乞讨男子的手中。53.B 当作者一家把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时,他非常高兴,眼含热泪感谢我们。watery意为“湿润的,水汪汪的”。54.B 作者把代金卡也送给了那名男子,并告诉他可以用来购买家人可能需要的任
13、何东西。55.A 根据下文内容可知,帮助乞讨男子的事情对于作者一家来说一直是一次美好的经历。56.D 因为上文讲述的是帮助他人的经历,所以此处表示作者的孩子们一连好几天到处寻找我们能够帮助的人。57.C 此处使用了虚拟语气,表示作者的假想:如果自己当初不同意帮助乞讨的男子,情况会完全不同。58.D 根据常理可知,帮助乞讨的人主要需要付出金钱,而不是时间、能力或耐心,所以此处应选money。59.C in need是固定短语,意为“需要帮助的”。作者一家帮助了一位需要帮助的人。60.B 根据常理可知,帮助他人会给人带来甜蜜的滋味和快乐的感受,所以此处应选sweet。【文章结构】A“Daily S
14、tar,sir,”called Jason,carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street,but there were still twenty 1 left.His voice was almost gone and his heart was 2.The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.1.A.shops B.coins C.peopleD.papers解析:根据前文的“
15、.carrying some newspapers under his arm.”可知,此处表示还剩下20份报纸。故选D项。答案:D2.A.openB.heavyC.pure D.weak解析:根据上下文可知,小男孩的报纸还剩下20份,而街上行人越来越少,他没有挣到所需要的钱,因此心情沉重。heavy“沉重的,低落的”,符合语境。故选B项。答案:BThe shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.He would have to go home too,carrying the papers 3 money.He had h
16、oped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 4 for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.3.A.instead ofB.in return forC.regardless ofD.in exchange for解析:小男孩没将报纸卖出去,因此就会带着这些报纸而不是挣到的钱回家。instead of“代替,而不是”,符合句意。答案:A4.A.cupB.cardC
17、.combD.cake解析:根据下文的“and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother,.”可知,他想给母亲买个蛋糕。故选D项。答案:DHe 5 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.“You dont know the 6 of selling papers.You must shout,Hot news!Bomb bursting!”5.A.gave inB.broke downC.got awayD.showed up解析:此处句意为“一想到他没有将全部报纸卖出去,他情绪低落”。g
18、ive in“屈服,让步”;break down“情绪低落,出故障”;get away“脱身,离开”;show up“出现”。根据语境可知选B项。答案:B6.A.difficultyB.processC.goalD.secret解析:根据下文可知,这时一位报童开始向他传授卖报的“秘诀”,故选D项。答案:Danother newsboy Chad told Jason.“7 its not in the paper at all,”replied Jason.“Just run away quickly 8 they have time to see,7.A.AndB.ButC.ForD.So解
19、析:根据下文可知,此处表示这样的消息根本不是报纸上的内容,因此选B项,but表示转折。答案:B8.A.before B.sinceC.thoughD.unless解析:此处表示“趁着他们还没来得及看就快速跑开,这样你就能将报纸卖光也能挣到钱了”。故此处选A项before,表示“在之前,还没来得及”。答案:Aand youll 9 out and get your money,”Chad said.It was a new 10 to Jason.He thought of his bird with no 11 and the cake he wanted to buy for his mot
20、her,9.A.callB.drop C.sellD.reach解析:此处表示将报纸“卖光”,故选C项。答案:C10.A.editionB.ideaC.policyD.task解析:这位报童所说的对贾森来说是一个新的“主意”,故选B项。答案:B11.A.breadB.insectsC.seedsD.water解析:根据上文的“.some seeds for his bird.”可知,此处表示他想起了他无食可吃的鸟。故选C项。答案:Cbut was 12 that he would not tell a lie.Though he was 13 a poor newsboy,he had bee
21、n 14 some good things.12.A.concernedB.amazedC.excitedD.determined解析:根据前面的but可知,小男孩不想通过撒谎来获得这些东西,此处表示“决定,决心”。故选D项。答案:D13.A.still B.alreadyC.justD.also解析:尽管他只是个贫穷的报童,但他一直以来也是接受正面教育的。just“仅仅,只不过”,符合语境。故选C项。答案:C14.A.taughtB.handedC.awardedD.allowed解析:此处表示他从小接受的都是些正面的教育。答案:AThe next afternoon Jason went
22、to the office for his papers 15.Several boys were crowding around Chad,who declared with a 16 smile that he sold six dozen the day before.15.A.at onceB.by chanceC.as usualD.on purpose解析:第二天,这个小男孩像往常一样来取报纸。as usual“像往常一样”,符合语境。答案:C16.A.proudB.gentleC.warmD.polite解析:那个教贾森卖报“秘诀”的男孩前一天卖出去6打报纸,被好几个孩子围着,脸
23、上挂着得意的微笑。故选A项proud“感到得意的,骄傲的,自豪的”。答案:AHe added that Jason 17 money because he would not tell a lie.The boys 18 at Jason.“You wouldnt tell a lie yesterday,my boy?”17.A.borrowedB.lostC.madeD.saved解析:他接着说贾森因为不愿意撒谎,结果报纸没卖出去,损失了很多钱。lose“丢失,损失”,符合语境。答案:B18.A.laughedB.shoutedC.noddedD.stared解析:根据下文可知,这些男孩嘲
24、笑贾森的这种做法。故选A项。答案:AA gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder 19.“Youre just the boy I am looking for.”A week later Jason started his new 20.He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie,but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.本文为记叙文。一个贫穷的小男孩卖报却因不愿撒谎欺骗读
25、者而遭遇失败和他人的嘲弄。但他的诚实却为他赢得了一份高薪的工作。19.A.bravelyB.gratefully C.fondlyD.modestly解析:根据下文“Youre just the boy I am looking for.”可知此人很欣赏贾森的诚实,因此慈爱地拍着他的肩膀。fondly“慈爱地,怜爱地”,符合语境。答案:C20.A.duty B.business C.jobD.method解析:根据下文“.but got a well-paid job.”可知,此处表示“一周后,贾森开始了他的新工作”。故选C项。答案:CBJoe Simpson and Simon Yates
26、were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top 1,but on their way back conditions were very 2.1.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early解析:根据空后的“but on their way back.”可推知他们成功登顶,故选successfully。答案:C2.A.difficultB.similarC.specialD.norma
27、l解析:由空后的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可推知当时的气候条件一定很糟糕,故选difficult。答案:AJoe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 3 alone,he would probably get back 4.3.A.climbedB.workedC.restedD.continued解析:上句提到了乔失足摔下,故此处用continued表示“他们两个都知道,如果西蒙独自继续下山”。答案:D4.A.unwillinglyB.safelyC.slowlyD.regretfully解析
28、:此处用safely表示“他大概能够安全地返回”。答案:BBut Simon decided to risk his 5 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).As they 6 down,the weather got worse.Then another 7 occurred.5.A.fortuneB.timeC.health D.life解析:fortune“运气,财富”;time“时间”;health“健康”;life“生命”。此处用life表示“但是西蒙决定拿自己的生命去冒险”。答案:D6.A.layB.settled
29、C.wentD.looked解析:此处用went表示“当他们下山的时候,天气变得更加糟糕”。答案:C7.A.damageB.stormC.changeD.trouble解析:由上句中的“the weather got worse”可知,另外的麻烦出现了,故选trouble。答案:DThey couldnt see or hear each other and,8,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁).It was 9 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.
30、8.A.by mistakeB.by chanceC.by choiceD.by luck解析:由于上句提到了“They couldnt see or hear each other”,所以此处应选择bymistake,表示“他错误地把他的朋友降到了峭壁的边缘”。答案:A9.A.unnecessaryB.practicalC.importantD.impossible解析:由上句的“lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)”可知,对乔来说,爬回来或者西蒙把他拽回来是不可能的,故选D项。答案:DJoes 10 was pulling
31、Simon slowly towards the precipice.11,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,10.A.heightB.weightC.strengthD.equipment解析:由于乔在峭壁的边缘,所以他的体重把西蒙也慢慢地拉向了峭壁。故选B项。答案:B11.A.FinallyB.PatientlyC.SurelyD.Quickly解析:由“after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold”可知,此处用Finally表示“最终,”。答案:Aafter
32、 more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to 12.In tears,he cut the rope.Joe 13 into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.12.A.stand backB.take a restC.make a decision D.hold on解析:此处用make a decision表示“西蒙不得不下决心,割断绳子”。答案:C13.A.jumpedB.fellC.escapedD.backed解析:既然西蒙把绳子割断了,所以乔掉进了下面一个巨大的冰缝里。
33、故选fell。答案:BHe had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldnt walk,but he 14 to get out of the crevasse and started to 15 towards their camp,nearly ten kilometers 16.14.A.managedB.plannedC.waitedD.hoped解析:由上句的“He couldnt walk”以及空前的but可知此处用managed表示“他设法从裂缝中出去”。答案:A15.A.runB.skateC.moveD.m
34、arch解析:由短文第一段内容可知,此处应选择move表示“朝他们的营地移动”。答案:C16.A.aroundB.awayC.above D.along解析:表示“他们的营地在接近10千米远的地方”要用away。答案:BSimon had 17 the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 18,17.A.headed forB.traveled toC.left forD.returned to解析:head for“前往”;travel to“到去”;leave for“动身去”;return to“回到”
35、。此处用returned to表示“西蒙已经回到了山脚下的营地”。答案:D18.A.dead B.hurtC.weakD.late解析:由空后的“but he didnt want to leave”可知此处应选择dead与该段最后的alive呼应,表示“他认为乔一定死了”。答案:Abut he didnt want to leave 19.Three days later,in the middle of the night,he heard Joes voice.He couldnt 20 it.Joe was there,a few meters from their tent,stil
36、l alive.乔和西蒙是首批登上安第斯山脉最高峰的人,但在下山时,由于气候条件的变化,乔失足摔下,虽然摔断了一条腿,但三天后西蒙在距他们帐篷几米远的地方听到了乔的声音。19.A.secretlyB.tiredly C.immediatelyD.anxiously解析:此处用immediately表示“他不想马上离开”。答案:C20.A.find B.believe C.makeD.accept解析:此处用believe表示“他不敢相信这件事情是真的:乔就在距离他们的帐篷几米远的地方,仍然活着”。答案:B1.2议论文【文体攻略】议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议
37、论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁,它一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式:1.开门见山,直接提出论点在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点,通过论证,最后提出自己的看法,或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说,这种形式的议论文,作者态度明确,我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。2.导入式提出论点在有些议论文中作者并不是直接提出自己的观点,而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物,进而提出自己的观点,然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。3.水到渠成
38、式得出结论在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象,而不是表明自己的观点,通过对具体现象的分析,最后自然得出结论,而此结论就是文章的论点。议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此,我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题要遵循下列原则:1.从首尾句入手,抓住中心议论文的写作思路一般为:提出问题分析问题解决问题。因此,文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句,而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见,我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句,推测出文章的中心,从而理解全文。2.紧扣信息词,把握作者观点考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑,如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、
39、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点,而是对某个事物的介绍或描述,然后用信息词,如but,however,yet等将自己的观点引出,因此,阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。3.从语境入手,确定逻辑关系句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand,on the other hand,as a result,as a consequence,on the contrary,above all,first of all,secondly,finally,in case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语,而是将逻
40、辑关系暗含于文章中,这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。4.理清文章的论点、论据和结论如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话,只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来,能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点与论据相辅相成,从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论点自相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性,我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分,直到条理清楚为止,然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。【典例示范】One of the easiest things in the wor
41、ld is to become a fault-finder.However,life can be 36 when you are not busy finding fault with it.Several years ago I 37 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry,who described herself as a world-class fault-finder,almost always 38 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her,and 39 was e
42、ver good enough.She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really 40 person.Unfortunately,it took a horrible accident to change her 41.Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost 42 to deal with was that the day before the 43,Kerry had v
43、isited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 44 of boyfriends,the way she was living,the way she related to her mother,and various other things she felt she needed to 45.It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 46 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly,she learne
44、d to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 48 as well.Perhaps most of us arent extreme at fault-finding,49 when were honest,we can be sharply 50 of the world.Im not suggesting you 51 problems,or that you pretend thin
45、gs are 52 than they are,but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are 53 most of the time,and especially when its not a really big 54.Train yourself to“bite your tongue”,and with a little 55,youll get really good at letting things go.And when you do,youll get back your enthusiasm and l
46、ove for life.36.A.lonely B.great C.quiet D.uneasy37.A.receivedB.answeredC.expectedD.rejected38.A.threatenedB.interrupted C.botheredD.spoiled39.A.anythingB.everything C.somethingD.nothing40.A.caringB.boringC.interesting D.surprising41.A.attitudeB.planC.measureD.explanation42.A.urgentB.unnecessary C.c
47、ertainD.impossible43.A.occasionB.eventC.accidentD.adventure44.A.memoryB.noticeC.evidenceD.choice45.A.hearB.contributeC.express D.admit46.A.aware ofB.afraid ofC.curious aboutD.confused about47.A.discussB.realizeC.judgeD.settle48.A.familyB.lifeC.careerD.education49.A.soB.orC.butD.for50.A.proud B.sure
48、C.hopeful D.critical51.A.faceB.createC.solveD.ignore52.A.rarerB.betterC.strangerD.worse53.A.at leastB.at lastC.by farD.so far54.A.taskB.dealC.resultD.duty55.A.practiceB.speechC.restD.pity本文为议论文。作者首先提出了生活中很多人喜欢吹毛求疵这个问题,然后通过一个具体的事例说明吹毛求疵这个习惯的危害,接下来作者表明自己的态度和看法,最后给出建议,告诉读者,顺其自然,生活会更美好。36.B 该句与文章最后一句互相照
49、应。根据句首的however一词可知,此处表示如果你不是一个总忙着吹毛求疵的人,那么生活可以很美好。37.A 根据后面的定语从句“who described herself.”可知,此处说明,作者在几年前收到了一封信。38.C 根据下文的句子“People were always doing things that annoyed her.”可知,这位17岁的女孩是一个吹毛求疵的人,周围的小事总是令她感觉烦扰。39.D 根据上文的内容可知,因为Kerry是一个凡事过分挑剔的人,她对一切总是感觉不满意,所以在她眼里没有什么东西是足够好的。40.B 根据上文内容可知,Kerry不但对自己苛刻,而且
50、对朋友们也十分挑剔,结合常识可知,久而久之,她成为一个令人讨厌的人。41.A 根据第三段的最后两句内容可知,Kerry最终改变了自己的态度,遗憾的是,她的改变源自于一件不幸的事情。42.D 根据下文内容可知,事情难以忍受的地方在于就在事故发生之前的那天,Kerry刚好去拜访了她的这位朋友,并对朋友进行了一番批评。impossible在此处意为“难以忍受的,无希望的”。43.C 根据该段的第一句内容可知,此处指的就是那个可怕的意外事故。44.D Kerry在拜访朋友的过程中一直在批评对方,包括其对男朋友的选择、生活方式等等。其他名词不符合语境。45.C 根据整个句子的内容可知,Kerry把自己想
51、要表达的想法统统说了出来,一点儿也不考虑对方的感受。46.A 根据下面两句话的内容可知,Kerry在朋友受伤之后才开始意识到自己爱挑剔的习惯有多么糟糕。become aware of“开始意识到”。47.C 很快,Kerry改变了态度,她学会了感激人生而不是对一切进行刻薄的评判。discuss“讨论”;realize“意识到”;settle“解决”,均不符合语境。48.B Kerry意识到了自己的问题所在,她积极进行改正,并把她的新的智慧迁移到人生的其他方面。前面一句出现的life一词是提示信息。此外,文章第一段和最后一段也分别出现了life一词。49.C 前后两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以用
52、but一词连接。或许我们大多数人都不是极端挑剔的人,但是当我们坦诚(看待事物)时,我们可能对这个世界极为挑剔和不满。50.D be critical of是固定搭配,意为“对批评或不满”,符合语境。51.D 根据下文or后面的句子可知,作者并不是建议人们忽视问题的存在。52.B 作者既不是让人们忽视问题的存在也不是让人们假装认为事情比本来的样子要好,只是希望人们学会接受事情本来的样子。53.A 破折号后面的句子对前面的内容进行了补充,说明作者希望至少大多数时候,特别是面对不是很大的事情的时候,人们不要过于苛刻和挑剔。54.B a big deal在此处意为“重要事件;大事”,作者希望人们不必小
53、题大做,事事苛责。55.A 作者在文章最后提出建议:训练自己“闭嘴,忍住不说”,经过一段时间的练习,你就会习惯于顺其自然。【文章结构】ASince finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford,Ive watched one friend after another land high-ranking,high-paying Wall Street jobs.As executives(高级管理人员)with banks,consulting firms,established law firms,and major corporations,many
54、are now 1 on their way to impressive careers.1.A.much B.never C.seldom D.well解析:作者的朋友们接受过高等教育,算是社会的精英分子,他们在各大公司做得风生水起,完全处于通往令人赞叹的职业生涯的途中。well此处表示程度,意为“完全地,彻底地”。答案:DBy societys 2,they seem to have it made.On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind,many
55、had a 3 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,2.A.policiesB.standardsC.experimentsD.regulations解析:作者的这些朋友,依照社会的标准来衡量,似乎很容易获取成功。句中的haveit made意为“有成功的把握,很容易办到”。答案:B3.A.lastB.leastC.secondD.best解析:根据下文内容可知,因为这些人获得了成功,他们不可能再去那些低档次的地方消费,所以他们在廉价但气氛友好的当地酒吧最后一次喝酒。答案:Ashook hands with longtime roommate
56、s,and 4 out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 5 a college years monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.4.A.cycledB.movedC.slid D.looked解析:move out of意为“脱离,摆脱”,此处指的是作者的这些朋友从小的公寓里搬出
57、来,住进了高楼里。答案:B5.A.shared B.paid C.equaledD.collected解析:此处描述朋友们奢侈的生活方式,他们预订座位的饭店饭菜昂贵,一瓶酒的价格等同于大学里一个月的房租。答案:CThe thing is,a number of them have 6 that despite their success,they arent happy.Some 7 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 8.6.A.advertisedB.witn
58、essed C.admittedD.demanded解析:问题是,他们中的一些人承认,虽然他们成功了,但是他们并不快乐。答案:C7.A.complainB.dreamC.hear D.approve解析:complain of是固定短语,意为“抱怨”,他们抱怨同事们不友好。答案:A8.A.distributeB.hateC.applaudD.neglect解析:根据前面的feel sad for可知,这些工作是他们不喜欢做的,所以他们对一天八小时的工作感到烦恼。答案:BSome do not respect the companies they work for and talk of fee
59、ling tired and 9.However,instead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves working to support the 10 to9.A.calmB.guilty C.warmD.empty解析:此处继续描述那些成功人士的烦恼,一些人不尊重他们效力的公司,说自己感到厌倦和空虚。答案:D10.A.familyB.governmentC.lifestyle D.project解析:然而,这些人不是全身心地投入工作,他们发觉自己工作的目的只是为了维持那种他们很快就习惯了的生活方式。答案:Cwh
60、ich they have so quickly become 11.People often speak of trying a more satisfying path,and 12 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to11.A.accustomedB.appointedC.uniqueD.available解析:分析句子结构,to which they have so quickly become accustomed是定语从句,修饰lifestyle。become accustomed to是固定短语,意为“习惯于,对变得习以为常”。
61、答案:A12.A.yetB.alsoC.insteadD.rather解析:人们经常说尝试一种更令人满意的道路,可是最终,人们只是说说而已,没有人真的舍弃一切,改变固有的生活模式。yet 意为“可是”。答案:Awork for something they 13 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion:its 14.13.A.let outB.turn inC.give upD.believe
62、in解析:有些人想过放弃自己的工作去为他们信仰的某些事情而工作,或者找到一个让他们有更多时间陪伴家人的职位。答案:D14.A.fundamentalB.practicalC.impossibleD.unforgettable解析:上述的内容只是停留在很多人的想象中,最终,他们得出相同的结论:这是不可能的事情。答案:CThey have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款)to 15,retirement to save for.They recognize theres something 16 in their lives,15.A.take offB.drop offC
63、.put offD.pay off解析:人们的美好想法最终败给了现实:他们需要支付贷款、账单,他们要付清抵押贷款,他们要为退休后的生活攒钱。答案:D16.A.missingB.inspiringC.sinkingD.shining解析:他们意识到在生活中某些东西失去了,但是脱离原有的生活轨道是很难的事情。答案:Abut its 17 to step off the track.In a society that tends to 18 everything in terms of dollars and cents,17.A.harmfulB.hardC.usefulD.normal解析:根据
64、上文内容可知,现实生活中的人们,总是为生计所累,不可能说走就走,说离开就离开,所以脱离原有的生活轨道是不容易做到的。答案:B18.A.measureB.sufferC.digestD.deliver解析:我们现在生活的社会是以金钱来衡量一切的,所以我们从很小的时候就学会了从金钱的角度去考虑我们做出的决定的经济成本。答案:Awe learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 19 in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs 20 in pursuing m
65、oney over meaning?These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most.本文为议论文。作者周围的很多朋友事业有成,生活奢侈,外表光鲜亮丽,但是他们并不快乐。他们在内心里希望改变自己,开始新的人生,但是迫于生活的压力,或者说由于觉得不合算,他们只能得过且过,无聊空虚地打发时光。19.A.disastersB.motivationsC.campaignsD.decisions解析:根据上文内容可知,很多人之所以放弃自己的决定,
66、就是觉得不合算,这个“合算”当然是从金钱的角度来衡量的。答案:D20.A.assessedB.involvedC.coveredD.reduced解析:involved in作后置定语,修饰costs,意为“卷入,涉及”。作者反问:卷入到金钱至上中的个人成本和社会成本怎么计算呢?答案:BBIn our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 becaus
67、e people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.1.A.keyB.reason C.projectD.problem解析:表语从句是对空格中所填词的解释。从下句可知,人们扔掉的垃圾越来越多,这是个问题。因此用problem符合句意。答案:D2.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products解析:mountains of意思是“堆成山的,太多的”。从本句后文的“throwing out morerubbish than ever before”可知答案。答案:BHow did we 3 a throwaway so
68、ciety?First of all,it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it.3.A.faceB.becomeC.observe D.change解析:本段以设问开头,随后介绍了这个“用完就扔的社会”形成的过程,故填become正确。face“面对”,与二、三两段内容不符。答案:B4.A.hideB.controlC.replace D.withdraw解析:用完了随手扔掉,用replace“替代,取代”符合句意。从本句可知,这比花钱修复要便宜得多。答案:C 5 modern manuf
69、acturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 6.5.A.Thanks toB.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of解析:句意:公司生产新产品的速度快、成本低,这得益于现代制造业和科技的发展。由句意可知,前后两个半句为因果关系,thanks to“多亏;由于”,表示原因,符合句意。as to“至于”;except for“除了”;regardless of“不顾”,都不符合句
70、意,故选A项。答案:A6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful解析:从上句的“inexpensively”可知,产品丰富并且便宜,因此用cheap。答案:CAnother cause is our 7 of disposable(一次性的)products.As 8 people,7.A.loveB.lackC.prevention D.division解析:从目前的状况可知,我们大部分人喜爱一次性产品,因此用love。lack“缺乏”;prevention“预防;阻止”;division“区分”,均与句意不符。答案:A8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.brav
71、e D.busy解析:从后文的“to save time”可知,人们很忙碌。sensitive“敏感的”;kind“善良的”;brave“勇敢的”,都与句意不符,故选D项。答案:Dwe are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.9.A.ways B.placesC.jobsD.f
72、riends解析:因为人们很忙,所以他们寻找节省时间的办法。way“办法”,符合句意。place“地方”;job“工作”;friend“朋友”,均与句意不符。答案:A10.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve解析:本句主语为companies“公司”,和宾语thousands of different kinds of disposableproducts“成千上万不同种类的一次性产品”是主谓关系,再根据句意可知,只能用produce“生产”。答案:COur appetite for new products also 11 to the problem.W
73、e are 12 buying new things.11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes解析:句意:我们对新产品的喜爱也让这个问题更加严重。contribute to为固定搭配,意思是“导致;加剧”。答案:D12.A.tired ofB.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed for解析:从上句可知,人们喜欢新产品。本空所在句句意为我们热衷于购买新产品。be addicted to“沉迷于;上瘾”。答案:BAdvertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that
74、 we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger解析:从本段前两句可知,这一段的话题是谈论新产品,用newer正确。与产品的其他属性无关,因此不用stronger,higher或larger。答案:A14.A.pick upB.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away解析:由于购买太多的新产品,我们会把旧的东西“扔掉”,为新
75、产品腾出空间。因此选throw away。答案:DAll around the world,we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 16 the amount of rubbish and15.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences解析:这一句是本段的主题句。下面的几句围绕其展开。下一句“Mountains ofrubbish just keep getting bigger.”就是这个“用
76、完就扔的生活方式”带来的后果。consequence意思是“结果,后果”,符合句意。答案:D16.A.show B.recordC.decreaseD.measure解析:面对大量的垃圾,政府的处理目标是减少它们,让人们少扔垃圾。decrease“减少”,符合句意。show“展示”;record“记录”;measure“测量”。答案:Cto protect the 17,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.18,this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.17.A.tec
77、hnologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands解析:从上句可知,减少垃圾的目的是保护环境,protect 的宾语应该是environment。答案:B18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile解析:虽然政府采取了一些措施,但是这仍然不够。从“this is not enough”可知,前后为转折关系,用however。答案:AMaybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away.We also n
78、eed to rethink our attitudes about 20.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.本文为议论文。由于人们对新事物的热衷,我们偏爱一次性用品,进入到了一个“用完就扔的社会”。为了节约资源、保护环境,我们得重新审视一下我们的消费观念,改变我们的生活方式。19.A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of解析:这一句首尾呼应,回到了本文的话题。我们可以修复原来的东西,而不是扔掉它们。instead of“而不是”。答案:D20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising解析:从下一句的“changing our spending habits”可知,作者建议我们重新考虑我们的消费观念。故选A项。答案:A
