1、现在完成时定义1.动作发生在过去且已结束,一直影响到现在（影响性事件）2.动作发生在过去但未结束，一直持续到现在.（延续性事件）I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这个电影了。He has lived here since 2018. 他自从2018年就住在这里了。结构主语+ has/have + done (过去分词)变化规则1.规则变化变化原形过去式过去分词/直+-edworkworkedworked去e+-edlivelivedlived双+-eddropdroppeddropped“辅音字母+y”改y为i+-edcrycriedcriedstudyst
2、udiedstudied2.不规则变化AAAcostcostcost/hurthurthurtABBloselostlostbuildbuiltbuiltABCeatateeatenfallfellfallenABAcomecamecomerunranrunAABbeatbeatbeaten时间标志词影响性already（已经）；yet（尚【否定句】；已经【疑问句】）；just（刚刚）；ever（曾经）；never(从不)； before（以前）；recently（近期）already“已经”肯定句句中、句末I have already seen the film.yet“尚；已经”否定句、疑
3、问句句末I havent seen the film yet.Have you seen the film yet?just“刚刚”肯定句句中，助动词have/has之后I have just seen the film.ever“曾经”I have ever seen the film.never“从不”I have never been to Beijing before.before“以前”句末recently“近期”句首Recently,a discussion has drawn our attention延续性for+一段时间since + 时间点/句子so far 截至目前，迄今
4、为止in/during/over the past/last XX years “在过去的几年里”until now/up to now 直到现在 知识充电站：时间点与时间段的区分时间段4:00PM、two years ago、2018、8 oclock时间点about 2 years、2 years、nearly 2 years、From Monday to Friday无时间标志词前后因果（because/for/so）用现完,看到次数用现完知识充电站：because与for的区别forconj.因为引导的分句表补充说明作用句中须用逗号与前面的分句隔开because语气最强，表因果关系，常
5、用来回答由 why引导的疑问句句首或句中置于句中时不用隔开He must have passed this way , for here are his footprints.Because the traffic is so busy , I was late.=I was late because the traffic is so busy与过去式的用法区别现在完成时一般具有言外之意一般过去式只是对过去的事情进行客观地描述。句型转化肯定式主语+has/have + done+其它.否定式主语+has/have +not+ done+其它.一般疑问句Has/ Have+主语+done+其它
6、?回答Yes,主语+has/have. / No,主语+hasnt/havent特殊考点特殊考点1：瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换序号瞬间性动词延续性动词1buyhave/2borrowkeep3leavebe away ( from )用“be副词”代替4return to, come back to, go back tobe back(to)5come/arrive/reach/get tobe here / in6gobe there / in7endbe over8start/beginbe on9joinbe in10marrybe married用“be形容词”代替11fall
7、ill /get illbe ill12fall asleep/get asleepbeasleep13wake/wake upbeawake14openbeopen15close/shutbe closed16diebe dead17lose, die, sell, leavebegone18join the armybe in the armybe介词短语19join the +组织be a member of特殊考点2： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。1. has gone to：表示有去无回，常与Where is. ?连用；不可与for+一段时间等时间状语连用。He has gone to Shanghai.2. has been to：表示有去有回，表示人生经历，常与twice,for three times连用；for+一段时间等时间状语连用I have been to New York three times so far.3. has been in：表示已在某地待了多久，常与时间状语连用）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
